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2013年北京外国语大学357英语翻译基础真题及详解
招生专业：翻译硕士（英语口、笔译）
科目名称：英语翻译基础
I. Translate the following terms into Chinese (15 points, 1 pointeach):
1.IAEA
2.UNICEF
3.Iron-deficiency anemia
4.sandwich generation
5.hydrocarbon compounds
6.eutrophication
7.wind turbine
8.temperate ecosystems
9.depleted nuclear fuel
10.genome
11.nanotechnology
12.marginal cost
13.discount market
14.LDC
15.eye candy
II. Translate the following terms into English (15 points, 1 pointeach):
1．页岩气
2．居家养老
3．参政议政
4．本币互换协议
5．自主知识产权
6．存款准备金
7．专属经济区
8．文化逆差
9．光伏电池
10．装机容量
11．差额选举
12．医药分开
13．官二代
14．屌丝
15．打酱油
III. Translate the following passages into Chinese (60 points):
1. The coniferhedges in front of J. K.Rowling’s seventeenth-century house, in Edinburgh, are about twenty feet tall. Theyreach higher than the street lamps in front of them, and evoke the entrance tothe spiteful maze in thefilm adaptation of “Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire,” the fourth volume ofher fantasy series. Rowling, who, at forty-seven, is about topublish her first novel for adults—it is set in a contemporary Britain familiar with Jay-Z and online pornography, but isshaded with memories of her own, quite cheerless upbringing—liveshere with her second husband, Neil Murray, a doctor,and their children. She has a reputation for reserve: for being likable but shy and thin-skinned, and not at all comfortable with the personal impact of havingcreated a modem myth, sold four hundred and fifty million books, and inspired morethan six hundred thousand pieces of Harry Potter fan, fiction, a total thatincreases by at least a thousand stories a week.
2. China’sprogrammes for addressing climate change domestically through its12th Five-Year Plan are impressive. Accelerating progress on the low-carboneconomy has worked in China’sfavour as it has become a global leader in wind and solar power manufacturing. Thecliché that “when Chinasneezes, the rest of the world catches a cold” can also be turned on its head.When Chinamakes up its mind to lead, the rest of the world follows suit.
Doha matters because theUNFCCC international climate negotiations are an important channel throughwhich Chinacan help shape the global development model in ways that re-enforce its lowcarbon economy. Europe is the largest marketfor Chinese solar power, but its internal negotiations on ramping upclimate-change ambition—and therefore creating a larger market for Chinesegoods—are being delayed by uncertainty over progress on a global climate regime.While Doha willnot be the ambitious meeting the climate crisis requires, it will nonethelessbe important for building momentum towards a comprehensive agreement in 2015. China’s role in ensuring we do not renegotiatethe Durban agreement will be essential tolimiting climate risks in Chinaand maintaining the drive towards a low carbon economy which China has so heavily invested inboth financially and politically.
IV. Translate the following passages into English (60 points):
1．11月25日，几乎所有媒体都报道了国产歼-15舰载战斗机在中国海军“辽宁”号航母上成功完成起飞和着舰的动作。“成功”、“意义”和“速度”成为媒体报道的三个关键词。中国航母舰载机第一次在实舰上完成起降动作，无疑是值得庆祝的“成功”之举。而此次成功“意义”非凡，标志着中国的航母由一条大船变成了一个真正的海上移动机场；中国的航母在实现初步战斗力的过程中，迈过了一个关键的技术门槛。谈到“速度”，“辽宁”号加入海军服役不过两个月的时间，而此次舰上起降实验仅仅是在“辽宁”号服役后第二次出海时进行的，这样的速度着实令人瞠目结舌。如此高速的背后不仅有大型项目高效的管理能力，更重要的是无数中国航空人和人民解放军官兵顽强拼搏的精神。正是因为有了这种精神，才有了我们看到的“中国速度”。
2．什么是“道”？道即道路。最早的路在水边，因为原始人每天都要去水边饮水或取水，那时人们都是光脚板，光脚板踩在沙泥地上，脚上又常带着水，所以很容易踩出一条光溜溜的像“刀”一样的东西，原始人就把脚下踩出来的痕迹叫做“刀”，也就是“道”。“道”与“刀”谐音，在甲骨文里“道”原本写成“刀”。从古至今，人类就一直行走在“刀”上。道即路人。路人踩出了道路，我们一看见道路就知道这里有人。道就是走路的方法。地上的路有通衢，有歧路，有大路，有小路，有暂时的路，有永久的路。所有的路都有起伏弯曲，人就是要用起伏弯曲的方法来走路，同时尽量选择最短的路线。道即“到达”。任何道都有起始与终结，按道（方法）走道（道路）的人将很快到达。世上只有一种真正的道（路人），那就是通向自身。
参考答案及解析
I. Translate the following terms into Chinese.
1．国际原子能机构（International Atomic Energy Agency）
2．联合国儿童基金会（United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund）
3．缺铁性贫血
4．三明治一代（同时扶养与照顾父母和子女的人）
5．碳氢化合物
6．富营养化
7．风力涡轮机
8．温带生态系统
9．贫化铀
10．基因组；染色体组
11．纳米技术
12．边际成本
13．贴现市场
14．不发达国家，欠发达国家
15．花瓶角色；华而不实
II. Translate the following terms into English.
1.shale gas
2.home-based care services
3. participate in deliberating andadministration of state affairs
4.currency swap agreement
5.proprietary intellectual property rights
6.deposit reserve
7.Exclusive Economic Zone
8.cultural deficit
9.photovoltaic cell
10.installed capacity
11.competitive election
12.separation of prescribing and dispensing
13 the officiallings
14.loser
15.none of my business
III. Translate the following passages into Chinese.
1.J.K.罗琳在爱丁堡拥有一栋17世纪的房子，房前伫立着针叶树，大约有20英尺高。这些树比它们前面的街灯还要高，唤起了人们的记忆，仿佛进入了她的第四卷魔法系列、电影改编本《哈利波特与火焰杯》中的恶意迷宫。47岁的罗琳即将出版她的第一部成人小说——它的背景是在当代英国，那里有我们熟悉的歌手杰斯和网络色情，但是也带有她自己的记忆色彩和相当阴郁的养育生活——她和她的第二个丈夫尼尔·黙里医生和他们的孩子们的生活。她以含蓄内敛而闻名：她很可爱但害羞敏感，她创造了一个现代神话，她的书销量达4.5亿，她为60多万个哈利波特迷和小说带来灵感，而且以每周至少一千个故事的数量增长，但她对自己的个人影响一点也不感觉到满意。
2．中国在国内通过第十二个五年计划解决气候变化问题，这一计划令人印象深刻。加速低碳经济的发展已朝着有利于中国的方向奏效了，因为它已成为全球风能和太阳能发电的领头羊。“中国一打喷嚏，世界的其它地区就会感冒。”这一陈词滥调也被颠覆了。当中国决心当领头羊时，世界的其它地区就会效仿。
多哈谈判很重要，因为《联合国气候变化框架公约》的国际气候谈判是一个重要的渠道，它使得中国能帮助形成加强自己国家低碳经济发展的全球发展模式。欧洲是中国太阳能的最大市场，但是它关于增加气候变化目标——以此创造一个更大的中国货物市场——的内部谈判受到了延误，这一延误是由全球气候体制进程的不确定性带来的。尽管多哈谈判不是气候危机需要的雄心勃勃的会议，但是它对于形成2015年全面协议的势头来说非常重要。在确保我们不再重新协商德班协议这一点上，中国的作用至关重要，以限制中国的气候风险及保持朝向低碳经济方向发展的驱动力，而对此中国已进行了大量的财政和政治投资。
IV. Translate the following passages into English.
1.On November 25th, almost all the media agencies had covered thenews that the domestically made J-15 carrier-borne fighter had successfullyfinished the taking off from and landing on the aircraft carrier Liaoning ofChinese Navy. “Success”, “significance” and “speed” were three key words in thereports of media. It was no doubt a “successful” action worth celebrating,since for the first time in history, Chinese carrier-borne fighters hadfinished the taking off and landing on a real aircraft carrier. And thissuccess was of great “significance”, symbolizing that China’s aircraft-carrierhad turned from a large ship into a real mobile airport on the sea; China’saircraft carrier had made a critical breakthrough in its technology in theprocess of realizing its fundamental fighting capacity. In terms of “speed”,the aircraft carrier Liaoningbegan to serve in the navy just less than two months ago and it was just itssecond time at sea after its service when this experiment of taking off andlanding was conducted on it. This speed was quite impressive and striking.Behind it is not only the high-efficient management capacity of large-scaleprojects, what makes a difference is the spirit of countless Chinese personnelin aviation industry and officers and soldiers of PLA to strive and strugglepersistently for success. It is thanks to this spirit that the “Chinese spirit”we appreciate can come into being.
2. What is “way”? It means road. The earliest road was by thewaterside, since the primitive people would go to drink or get water by thewaterside every day. At that time, they were barefoot, and when their bare feettreaded on the sand or mud, the water on their feet would easily leave a stripof shining traces, like that of knife. So the primitive people called thetraces treaded by their feet “knife”, that is the “way”, which is of the samesound with it in Chinese and in the inscriptions on bones or tortoise shells of the Shang Dynasty (c.16th-11th century B.C.), the word “way” was originally written as “knife”. Fromancient times till now, people have been walking on the “knife”. Way impliespasser-by. When a passer-by treads on a land and creates a way, we will knowthere is somebody at the sight of the way. Way means the way of walking. Interms of the way on the land, there are thoroughfares and forked roads, mainroads and small paths, contemporary roads and permanent roads. All the roadsare checkered and have their ups and downs; we should walk using the ups anddowns and at the same time choose the possibly shortest path. Way meansarrival. All roads have their beginnings and endings and those who take theroad in accordance with the way will soon arrive. There is only one genuine wayin the world, that is a way leading to people themselves.
