The first and smallest unit that can be discussed in relation to language is the word. In speaking, the choice of words is of the utmost importance. Proper selection will eliminate one source of likely breakdown in the communication cycle. Too often careless use of words prevents a meeting of the minds of the speaker and listener. The words used by the speaker may stir up unfavorable reactions in the listener which interfere with his comprehension; hence, the transmission---reception system breaks down.
Moreover，inaccurate or indefinite words may make it difficult for the listener to understand the message which is being transmitted to him. The speaker who does not have specific words in his working vocabulary may be unable to explain or describe in a way that can be understood by his listeners.
[例] There is a slight inaccuracy in this design. 这张设计图中有一点不大准确。
[同义] incorrect , inexact
[反义] accurate / 5Akjurit / adj. 正确的, 精确的
[派生] inaccuracy / in5AkjurEsi / n. 错误
indefinite / in5definit / adj. 模糊的, 不确定的, [语]不定的
[例] an indefinite leave of absence 对在场者的离席无明确限制的
[同义] broad, confused, general, hazy, indistinct, obscure, unclear, vague
[反义] definite / 5definit / adj. 明确的, 一定的
[派生] indefinitely / in5definitli / adv. 不确定地
四、强化练习
1. And price is the number one factor influencing consumers' ­­­­­­­__________ of vehicle in China, with 98% of respondents naming it, compared with 82% of UK consumers and 83% of those in the U.S.
A. desire B. conclusion C. choice D. purpose
2. Although the rain pours down with the ________ relentlessness, ceasing all outdoor activities, the man of the field lifts his face to the heavens and smiles.
A. top B. utmost C. graceful D. dissipated
3. The Romantic Movement, which started as a ________ against the industrial revolution of the century, was born and flourished in Germany, but has not stopped the Germans from being Europe's most successful entrepreneurs and industrialists.
A. constancy B. construction C. convention D. reaction
4. First of all, don’t let your emotions ________ with your vision. Don t see something because you want to see it.
A. interfere B. interpret C. consolidate D. comply
5. To prevent local __________ of the disease, mosquito-breeding places must be eliminated.
A. transference B. transmission C. change D. console
Sleep is divided into periods of so-called REM sleep, characterized by rapid eye movements and dreaming, and longer periods of non-REM sleep. Neither kind of sleep is at all well-understood , but REM sleep is assumed to serve some restorative function of the brain. The purpose of non-REM sleep is even more mysterious .The new experiments, such as these described for the first time at a recent meeting of the Society for Sleep Research in Minneapolis, suggest fascinating explanations for the purpose of non-REM sleep .
For example, it has long been known that total sleep deprivation is 100 percent fatal to rats, yet , upon examination of the dead bodies , the animals look completely normal . A researcher has now cast light on the mystery of why the animals die. The rats develop bacterial infections of the blood , as if their immune systems--the self-protecting mechanism against disease--had crashed.
[例] The elephant crashed through the forest. 大象冲进森林。
[同义] break, shatter, smash, strike
[派生] crasher / `krAFE(r) / n. 猛击, 不速之客
[固定搭配] on a crash basis 紧[应]急地； with a crash 轰隆一声；作者: niuniu 时间: 06-6-21 23:57
四、强化练习
1. The scientists monitored the patients\' blood pressure, release of harmful hormones(荷尔蒙) and other measurables that__________ heart failure.
A. characterize B. consider C. integrity D. intend
2. The companies _________ no obligation to update any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.
A. intervene B. dictate C. prolong D. assume
3. Architectural form should not rigidly follow__________, but ought to reflect the needs of the social body it represents.
A. profession B. function C. vacation D. vocation
4. The________ of today I come here is to help people who want to learn English but don’t know how to learn.
A. neglect B. proposal C. purpose D. likely
5. Survival is usually uppermost in the minds of companies with their backs to the wall, even if that entails being reduced to a minority stake. In Thailand, however, most ailing companies seem loathe to admit that their conditions may be_______.
A. gross B. fatal C. flat D. extinct
答案： ADBCB
考研英语核心词汇速成胜经Unit 3
一、 真题文章
Vitamins are organic compounds necessary in small amounts in the diet for the normal growth and maintenance of life of animals, including man.
They do not provide energy, nor do they construct or build any part of the body. They are needed for transforming foods into energy and body maintenance. There are thirteen or more of them, and if any is missing a deficiency disease becomes apparent.
Vitamins are similar because they are made of the same elements-usually carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and sometimes nitrogen. They are different in that their elements are arranged differently, and each vitamin performs one or more specific functions in the body.
Getting enough vitamins is essential to life, although the body has no nutritional use for excess vitamins. Many people, nevertheless, believe in being on the \"safe side\" and thus take extra vitamins. However, a well- balanced diet will usually meet all the body\' s vitamin needs.
[派生] essentiality / i7senFi5Aliti / n. 本性, 真髓, 本质, 重要性
excess / ik5ses, 5ekses / n. 过度, 剩于, 无节制, 超过, 超额
adj. 过度的, 额外的
[例] You have to pay for excess luggage on a plane.
在飞机上你得付超重的行李费。
[同义] additional, extra, surplus
[反义] deficiency / di5fiFEnsi / n. 缺乏, 不足
[派生] excessive / ik5sesiv / adj. 过多的, 过分的, 额外
[固定搭配] in excess of 超过
四、 强化练习
1. The results showed that tobacco yields could increase with the increase of _________ fertilizer.
A. organic B. corrupt C. poisonous D. civil
2. We speculate that it is not caffeine but perhaps some other ______ contained in soda-type soft drinks that may be responsible for the increased risk in hypertension,\" said the study, which was published in the Journal of the American Medical Association.
A. contemporary B. counterpart C. compound D. content
3. The Government is planning to assign 40 per cent of road_______ works to the private sector contractors in the short term and increase the level to 100 per cent in 10 years.
A. schedule B. maintenance C. scrape D. scrutiny
4. It became ________ that our stay in the U.S. would be a long one and I immediately began thinking on how best to pursue my interest in economics.
A. secure B. shallow C. apparent D. apparatus
5. Now any hotel or travel agency can book your tickets and ________ transportation to the station.
A. supervise B. interfere C. resent D. arrange
答案： ACBCD
考研英语核心词汇速成胜经Unit 4
一、 真题文章
Manpower Inc., with 560,000 workers, is the world\'s largest temporary employment agency. Every morning, its people swarm into the offices and factories of America, seeking a day\'s work for a day\'s pay. One day at a time. As industrial giants like General Motors and IBM struggle to survive by reducing the number of employees, Manpower, based in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, is booming.
Even though its economy continues to recover, the US is increasingly becoming a nation of part-timers and temporary workers. This \" disposable \" work force is the most important trend in American business today, and it is fundamentally changing the relationship between people and their jobs. The phenomenon provides a way for companies to remain globally competitive while avoiding market cycles and the growing burdens imposed by employment rules, healthcare costs and pension plans. For workers it can mean an end to the security, benefits and sense of importance that came from being a loyal employee.
1. Buying a train or a bus ticket used to be a major hassle. Now any hotel or travel ________ can book your tickets
A. resource B. recollection C. agency D. agony
2. He’s just like a fly hanging around. Sorry, not a fly. It’s a________ of flies flying near your ears
A. bunch B. swarm C. lump D. pile
3. They were ________, sometimes 8 feet long, and many of them lived in the swampy pools in which our coal seam, or layer, or formed.
A. giant B. clever C. delight D. light
4. Nowadays the average age at which people settle down and marry is much older than it was 30 years ago, so singles will tend to have more________ income.”
A. dependent B. redundant C. professional D. disposable
5. \"John Mills was a great actor, a true gentleman and a ________ friend; someone who made us proud to be British,\" Blair said in a statement.
A. loyal B. liar C. gangster D. predominant
答案：CBADA
考研英语核心词汇速成胜经Unit 5
一、 真题文章
Until recently most historians spoke very critically of the Industrial Revolution. They admitted that in the long run industrialization greatly raised the standard of living for the average man. But they insisted that its immediate results during the period from 1750 to 1850 were widespread poverty and misery for the bulk of the English population. By contrast, they saw in the preceding hundred years from 1650 to 1750, when England was still a completely agricultural country, a period of great abundance and prosperity.
This view, however, is generally thought to be wrong. Specialists in history and economics, have shown two things: that the period from 1650 to 1750 was marked by great poverty, and that industrialization certainly did not worsen and may have actually improved the conditions for the majority of the populace.
[派生] special / 5speFEl / n. 特派员, 专车, 专刊adj. 特别的, 特殊的, 专门的,
populace / 5pCpjulEs / n. 平民
[例] majority of the populace 绝大多数平民百姓
四、 强化练习
1. The _______ age at first marriage in the USA has been inching upward; it\'s now 26 for women and 27 for men.
A. first B. average C. fundamental D. essence
2. Kung Fu features abundant varieties and delicate skills and has become __________physical exercises.
A. valuable B. priceless C. widespread D. worthless
3. Of the January sun; and not to think of any_________ in the sound of the wind, in the sound of a few leaves.
A. prick B. prestige C. pressure D. misery
4. Rice may reign supreme in Vietnamese cuisine (烹饪), but fish and seafood are not far behind in significance or __________.
A. abundance B. pretext C. pride D. pack
5. _________economic considerations are what the Chinese President termed \"three evil forces\" - terrorism, extremism and separatism - which prompted the idea of a regional mechanism.
Industrial safety does not just happen. Companies with low accident rates plan their safety programs, work hard to organize them, and continue working to keep them alive and active. When the work is well done, a climate of accident-free operations is established where time lost due to injuries is kept at a minimum.
Successful safety programs may differ greatly in the emphasis placed on certain aspects of the program. Some place great emphasis on mechanical guarding. Others stress safe work practices by observing rules or regulations. Still others depend on an emotional appeal to the worker. But, there are certain basic ideas that must be used in every program if maximum results are to be obtained.
There can be no question about the value of a safety program. From a financial stand-point alone, safety pays off. The fewer the injury claims, the better the workman\'s insurance rate. This may mean the difference between operating at a profit or at a loss.
[例] A balanced diet is an insurance against malnutrition.
均衡的食谱是防止营养不良的保证。
[派生] insure / in5FuE / vt. 给...保险 v. 确保
四、 强化练习
1. We sincerely hope to ________ business relations with your esteemed corporation.
A. distribute B. establish C. arrange D. erode
2. And where wealthy women _______ from most men is in their interests in socially responsible investing.
A. disagree B. esteem C. escalate D. differ
3. __________ is not healthy, and it makes everyone angry.
A. Erection B. Cruise C. Stress D. Cue
4. Computer technology enabled the researchers to _______ precise measurements of the volume of the front and side sections of the brain, which relate to intellect (智能) and emotion, and determine the human character.
A. obtain B. complain C. compose D. constitute
5. In a lifetime, many of us spend as much on________ as we do on other things.
A. coinage B. insurance C. cluster D. casualty
答案： BDCAB
考研英语核心词汇速成胜经Unit 7
一、 真题文章
If a farmer wishes to succeed, he must try to keep a wide gap between his consumption and his production. He must store a large quantity of grain instead of consuming all his grain immediately. He can continue to support himself and his family only if he produces a surplus. He must use this surplus in three ways: as seed for sowing, as an insurance against the unpredictable effects of bad weather and as a commodity which he must sell in order to replace old agricultural implements and obtain chemical fertilizers to feed the soil. He may also need money to construct irrigation channels and improve his farm in other ways. If no surplus is available, a farmer cannot be self-sufficient. He must either sell some of his property or seek extra funds in the form of loans. Naturally he will try to borrow money at a low rate of interest, but loans of this kind are not frequently obtainable.
[固定搭配] in funds 手头有钱; 有资本；no funds 存款不足(银行退回空头支票时用语)； out of funds 缺钱；slush fund 职工文娱活动的资金；
loan / lEun / n.（借出的）贷款, 借出 v. 借, 借给
[例] The bank loaned me some money. 银行借给了我一些钱。
[同义] advance ,give, lend
[反义] borrow / 5bCrEu / v. 借, 借入, 借用
[派生] loanable / 5lEunEbl / adj. 可借出的
四、 强化练习
1. \"If the institute\'s results are correct, then the actual numbers for cocaine ________are much higher than the accepted figures,\" Roman Simon said .
A. assumption B. assimilation C. deterioration D. consumption
2. Above all, in western areas of China, there is_______ of electricity supply. So, cities that are thirsty for electricity may ask for remote help.
A. definite B. surplus C. limited D. deliberate
3. The company helps businesses _______ growth strategies, leverage technology, and thrive through the power of collaboration.
A. deliver B. circulate C. implement D. commemorate
4. To begin with, you must work hard at your lessons and be fully prepared before the exam. Without ________ preparation, you can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly.
A. sufficient B. deficient C. formidable D. abundant
5. Suddenly ploughed tracts and _______ channels appeared, and the glisten of flooded rice-fields; and cranes preceded the suburbs of Mari.
A. fracture B. fragment C. irrigation D. impulse
答案： DBCAC
考研英语核心词汇速成胜经Unit 8
一、 真题文章
The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases such as the trial of Rosemary West.
In a significant tightening of legal controls over the press. Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a draft bill that will propose making payments to witnesses illegal and will strictly control the amount of publicity that can be given to a case before a trial begins.
In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons media select committee. Lord Irvine said he agreed with a committee report this year which said that self regulation did not offer sufficient control.
Publication of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a storm of media protest when he said the interpretation of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges rather than to Parliament.
The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the Human Rights Bill, which makes the European Convention on Human Rights legally binding in Britain, laid down that everybody was entitled to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families.
\"Press freedoms will be in safe hands with our British judges,\" he said.
Witness payments became an issue after West was sentenced to 10 life sentences in 1995. Up to 19 witnesses were said to have received payments for telling their stories to newspapers. Concerns were raised that witnesses might be encouraged to exaggerate their stories in court to ensure guilty verdicts.
1. SHENZHEN will______ the raising of poultry inside the special economic zone and buy anti-flu drugs worth 20 million yuan (US$2.5 million) in case of a bird flu outbreak.
A. ban B. incorporate C. knit D. knot
2. China will________ rapid development of its space industry, with the launch of programs for a space station, moon probe and new-type rockets in the next 30 years.
A. leak B. witness C. lean D. pledge
3. Exceptional children are different in some ________ way from others of the same age. For these children to develop to their full adult potential, their education must be adapted to those differences.
A. popular B. dim C. portable D. significant
4. The army has roughly doubled in size since 1988, when it bloodily suppressed a wave of ________ and installed itself in power.
A. protest B. position C. postpone D. pour
5. You\'re carefully protected by a _______ policy where personal information is strictly treated as confidential.
A. portray B. primitive C. privacy D. procedure
答案： ABDAC
考研英语核心词汇速成胜经Unit 9
一、 真题文章
Comparisons were drawn between the development of television in the 20th century and the diffusion of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries. Yet much had happened between . As was discussed before, it was not until the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominant pre-electronic medium, following in the wake of the pamphlet and the book and in the company of the periodical. It was during the same time that the communications revolution speeded up, beginning with transport, the railway, and leading on through the telegraph, the telephone, radio, and motion pictures into the 20th-century world of the motor car and the air plane. Not everyone sees that process in perspective . It is important to do so.
It is generally recognized, however , that the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century, followed by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s, radically changed the process, although its impact on the media was not immediately apparent . As time went by, computers became smaller and more powerful, and they became “personal\" too, as well as institutional , with display becoming sharper and storage capability increasing. They were thought of, like people, in terms of generations, with the distance between generations much smaller.
It was within the computer age that the term “information society\" began to be widely used to describe the context within which we now live. The communications revolution has influenced both work and leisure and how we think and feel both about place and time, but there have been controversial view about its economic, political, social and cultural implications. \"Benefits\" have been weighed against “harmful\" outcomes. And generalizations have proved difficult .
1. Those creative achievements still date from the time when Great Britain was the ________ world power.
A. procession B. private C. proceeding D. dominant
2. They distributed a _______ that repeated the charge, widely believed by Angolans, that the government is deliberately prolonging the country\'s devastating civil war in order to pillage its rich natural resources.
A. priority B. provision C. pamphlet D. pursuit
3. One of the processes of evolving from a child to an adult is being able to_________ and outgrow our fears.
A. recognize B. illuminate C. demonstrate D. impose
4. Undoubtedly, the_______ innovation indicated by course of marketization is one of the engines of Chinese economy.
A. imaginable B. institutional C. immune D. illiterate
5. From what has been discussed above, I am fully convinced that the _______ life-style is undergoing a decline with the progress of modern society, it is not necessary a bad thing.
A. humid B. hostile C. leisure D. humble
答案： DCABC
考研英语核心词汇速成胜经Unit 10
一、 真题文章
Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults experience. And they also need to give serious thought to how they can best accommodate such changes. Growing bodies need movement and exercise, but not just in ways that emphasize competition. Because they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self-conscious and need the confidence that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are admired by others. However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be wise to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers, for example ,publishing newsletters with many student---written book reviews, displaying student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs. A variety of small clubs can provide multiple opportunities for leadership, as well as for practice in successful group dynamics. Making friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need the security of some kind of organization with a supportive adult barely visible in the background.
In these activities, it is important to remember that the young teens have short attention spans. A variety of activities should be organized so that participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on to something else without feeling guilty and without letting the other participants down . This does not mean that adults must accept irresponsibility. On the contrary they can help students acquire a sense of commitment by planning for roles that are within their capabilities and their attention spans and by having clearly stated rules.
1. Instead of my usual rant I want to be a little more constructive and________ in my latest column.
A. identical B. intellectual C. gloomy D. federate
2. The port is a center for rail and highway transport and is planned to _______a traffic flow of 30,000 standard containers per year.
A. finance B. feed C. accommodate D. evacuate
3. It took me about a month to _________ to the altitude.
A. evoke B. exaggerate C. evaporate D. adjust
4. Through all of these experiences, I have accumulated the following abilities and literacy which make me have full ________ to be a qualified teaching assistant in your university.
A. evaluation B. excess C. effect D. confidence
5. Other members of the profession will not only respect the scholarship, they will _________ the humility and honesty.
Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories centering on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior because they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through interaction with others. Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in response to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status, or as a rejection of middle-class values.
Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families, ignoring the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes for lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however, are tentative and are subject to criticism. Changes in the social structure may indirectly affect juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that lead to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment in general make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The resulting discontent may in turn lead more youths into criminal behavior.
Families have also experienced changes these years. More families consist of one parent households or two working parents; consequently, children are likely to have less supervision at home than was common in the traditional family structure. This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates. Other identifiable causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school, the increased availability of drugs and alcohol, and the growing incidence of child abuse and child neglect. All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act, although a direct causal relationship has not yet been established.
1. Effective measures should be taken to create a good environment for ________Internet surfers, and Internet bars should direct surfers, especially young surfers, to have access to healthy online information.
A. adult B. conscious C. jargon D. juvenile
2. Our events offer different meetings and panels to encourage informal and personal ________ with participating business school representatives.
A. assess B. interaction C. aspire D. indignation
3. For my part, I agree with the ________ opinion for the following reasons .
A. later B. latest C. latter D. late
4. One of the greatest pleasures of academic life is watching young________ students form into finished mature scholars with well developed ideas.
A. tentative B. incredible C. indifference D. equivalent
5. First of all, mandatory retirement increases job opportunities for young people who have the energy to exploit and thus it is an effective way to ease the pressure of __________ and help the development of companies.
A. establishment B. domain C. unemployment D. depict
答案： DBCAC
考研英语核心词汇速成胜经Unit 12
一、 真题文章
The human nose is an underrated tool. Humans are often thought to be insensitive smellers compared with animals, while this is largely because, unlike animals ,we stand upright. This means that our noses are limited to perceiving those smells which float through the air, missing the majority of smells which stick to surfaces. In fact, instead , we are extremely sensitive to smells, even if we do not generally realize it. Our noses are capable of detecting human smells even when these are diluted to far below one part in one million.
Strangely, some people find that they can smell one type of flower but not another, whereas others are sensitive to the smells of both flowers. This may be because some people do not have the genes necessary to generate particular smell receptors in the nose. These receptors are the cells which sense smells and send messages to the brain. However, it has been found that even people insensitive to a certain smell at first can suddenly become sensitive to it when exposed to it often enough.
The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that brain finds it inefficient to keep all smell receptors working all the time but can trigger new receptors if necessary. This may also explain why we are not usually sensitive to our own smells ----we simply do not need to be. We are not aware of the usual smell of our own house but we notice new smells when we visit someone else\'s. The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors available for unfamiliar and emergency signals such as the smell of smoke, which might indicate the danger of fire.
1. Honesty means speaking the truth and being fair and _______in act. Honesty is a good virtue.
A. disgraceful B. dull C. upright D. exotic
2. Sentiments of benevolence draw us to society, allow us to ________ its advantages, provide a source of approval for just acts, and motivate us to do just acts ourselves.
A. disperse B. distill C. drain D. perceive
3. For most people the sea was remote, and with the exception of early intercontinental travelers or others who earned a living from the sea, there was little reason to ask many questions about it , let alone to ask what lay beneath the ________.
A. top B. surface C. bottom D. inside
4. “I made up my mind then to ________ their atrocity to the world,” he said.
A. expose B. junk C. joggle D. leave
5. Researchers are not yet clear which ingredient of meat might________ cancer.
A. draw B. humiliate C. trigger D. intrigue
答案： CDBAC
考研英语核心词汇速成胜经Unit 13
一、真题文章（1994年）
According to the new school of scientists, technology is an overlooked force on expanding the horizons of scientific knowledge. Science moves forward, they say, not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools. “In short,” a leader of the new school contends, “the scientific revolution, as we call it, was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions” Over the years, tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science. The modern school that hails technology argues that such masters as Galileo, Newton, Maxwell, Einstein, and inventors such as Edison attached great importance to, and derived great benefit from, craft information and technological devices of different kinds that were usable in scientific experiments.
The centerpiece of the argument of a technology-yes, genius-no advocate was an analysis of Galileo’s role at the start of the scientific revolution. The wisdom of the day was derived from Ptolemy, an astronomer of the second century, whose elaborate system of the sky put earth at the center of all heavenly motions. Galileo’s greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person to turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens to prove that the planets revolve around the sun rather than around the earth. But the real hero of the story, according to the new school of scientists, was the long evolution in the improvement of machinery for making eyeglasses.
Federal policy is necessarily involved in the technology vs. genius dispute. Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force.作者: niuniu 时间: 06-6-22 00:00
二、译文
[固定搭配] in dispute with 与…争论； 与…有争议；under dispute 在争论中；在辩论中 (= in dispute)；
expense / Ik5spens / n. 1费用, 代价, 开支2损失
[例] What are the expenses of moving house? 搬家的花销是多少？
[同义] cost, payment
[固定搭配] spare no expense 不惜代价； at sb.\'s expense 由某人付钱
四、强化练习
1. His hypothesis that the Earth was round, developed after observing that the height of stars was different at different locations and noticing how ships appeared on the _________, formed the basis of modern map making.
A. hospital B. hostile C. horrible D. horizon
2. It may be either depending on who\'s telling it, who\'s listening and the _______ variations upon the theme.
A. eccentric B. innumerable C. alien D. eminent
3. And sales is the_________ activity of business. It deserves a louder hurrah than it gets.
A. fundamental B. eloquent C. devalued D. agreed
4. I am having a ________ with my neighbors over an illegal suit they have built without permission from the proper authorities.
A. elevation B. enterprise C. dispute D. frown
5. Guardians of the Republic _____ successful launch of Shenzhou VI with great joy .
A. gallop B. hail C. curse D. gamble
答案： DBACB
考研英语核心词汇速成胜经Unit 14
一、 真题文章（1995年）
The standardized educational or psychological test that are widely used to aid in selecting, classifying, assigning, or promoting students, employees, and military personnel have been the target of recent attacks in books, magazines, the daily press, and even in congress. The target is wrong, for in attacking the tests, critics divert attention form the fault that lies with ill-informed or incompetent users. The tests themselves are merely tools, with characteristics that can be measured with reasonable precision under specified conditions. Whether the results will be valuable, meaningless, or even misleading depends partly upon the tool itself but largely upon the user .
All informed predictions of future performance are based upon some knowledge of relevant past performance: school grades, research productivity, sales records, or whatever is appropriate. How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted. Anyone who keeps careful score knows that the information available is always incomplete and that the predictions are always subject to error.
Standardized tests should be considered in this context. They provide a quick, objective method of getting some kinds of information about what a person learned , the skills he has developed, or the kind of person he is. The information so obtained has, qualitatively, the same advantages and shortcomings as other kinds of information. Whether to use tests, other kinds of information, or both in a particular situation depends, therefore, upon the evidence from experience concerning comparative validity and upon such factors as cost and availability.
In general, the tests work most effectively when the qualities to be measured can be most precisely defined and least effectively when what is to be measured or predicted cannot be well defined. Properly used, they provide a rapid means of getting comparable information about many people. Sometimes they identify students whose high potential has not been previously recognized, but there are many things they do not do. For example, they do not compensate for gross social inequality, and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.
1. In the second place, from _________ aspect, the majority of children seem to
tend to have an unfavorable attitude toward additional educational activities.
A. philosophy B. chemistry C. psychological D. futile
2. At the same time, the Net is increasingly populated with spiders, worms, agents and other types of automated beasts designed to penetrate the sites and seek out and ________ information.
A. furnish B. fuss C. fuse D. classify
3. More than 100 young scientific and technological _______have now become the leading persons in their respective technological areas, and the persons taking charge of some key technological programs are young people aged 30 or even younger.
A. personnel B. friction C. stuff D. hand
4. We just do it too quickly and do not have enough time to completely________ some news. And most online news reporters are young.\" Chen said .
A. handicap B. validate C. harass D. hamper
5. \"In terms of interactive features, traditional media is not ________with online media such as Sina,\" Chen says.
A. compared B. included C. comparing D. comparable
答案： CDABD
考研英语核心词汇速成胜经Unit 15
一、 真题文章（1996年）
The differences in relative growth of various areas of scientific research have several causes. Some of these causes are completely reasonable results of social needs. Others are reasonable consequences of particular advances in science being to some extent self-accelerating. Some, however, are less reasonable processes of different growth in which preconception of the form scientific theory ought to take, by persons in authority, act to alter the growth pattern of different areas. This is a new problem probably not yet unavoidable; but it is a frightening trend. This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail. It can be predicted, however, that from time to time questions will arise which will require specific scientific answers. It is therefore generally valuable to treat the scientific establishment as a resource or machine to be kept in functional order. This seems mostly effectively done by supporting a certain amount of research not related to immediate goals but of possible consequence in the future.
This kind of support, like all government support, requires decisions about the appropriate recipients of funds. Decisions based on utility as opposed to lack of utility are straightforward. But a decision among projects none of which has immediate utility is more difficult. The goal of the supporting agencies is the praisable one of supporting \"good \" as opposed to \"bad\" science, but a valid determination is difficult to make. Generally, the idea of good science tends to become confused with the capacity of the field in question to generate an elegant theory. However, the world is so made that elegant systems are in principle unable to deal with some of the world\'s more fascinating and delightful aspects. New forms of thought as well as new subjects for thought must arise in the future as they have in the past, giving rise to new standards of elegance.
1. So in that respect you may say that the old Chinese culture was more benevolent toward women than the European one. However, my_______ is that the benevolence was rooted purely in selfishness – nobody else was allowed to have with the discarded property.
A. intercourse B. intend C. junction D. theory
2. Since its_________ in October 2001, it has became a large cooperation in scale through several years of development.
A. justified B. establishment C. joint D. occupation
3. Competent in management and organization, attention to ________, and good judgment. Ability to work well with others under pressure and to communicate effectively.
A. offence B. occasion C. detail D. peak
4. Although we don’t follow our parents’ advice and sometimes, we even do what our parents _________, they don’t consider us as the black sheep.
A. oppose B. agree C. praise D. pave
5. Life could be poor and life could be lonely, but what we could never lose is the __________heart towards life.
A. patent B. passive C. rack D. elegant
答案： DBCAD
考研英语核心词汇速成胜经Unit 16
一、 真题文章（1997年）
Do animals have rights? This is how the question is usually put. It sounds like a useful, ground-clearing way to start. Actually, it isn\'t, because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights, which is something the world does not have.
On one view of rights, to be sure, it necessarily follows that animals have none. Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract, as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements. Therefore, animals cannot have rights. The idea of punishing a tiger that kills somebody is absurd, for exactly the same reason, so is the idea that tigers have rights. However, this is only one account, and by no means an uncontested one. It denies rights not only to animals but also to some people — for instance to infants, the mentally incapable and future generations. In addition, it is unclear what force a contract can have for people who never consented to it, how do you reply to somebody who says “I don\'t like this contract”?
The point is this: without agreement on the rights of people, arguing about the rights of animals is fruitless. It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all. This is a false choice. Better to start with another, more fundamental, question: is the way we treat animals a moral issue at all?
Many deny it. Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect, extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the area of moral choice. Any regard for the suffering of animals is seen as a mistake — a sentimental displacement of feeling that should properly be directed to other humans.
This view which holds that torturing a monkey is morally equivalent to chopping wood, may seem bravely “logical”. In fact it is simply shallow: the confused center is right to reject it. The most elementary form of moral reasoning — the ethical equivalent of learning to crawl — is to weigh others\' interests against one\'s own. This in turn requires sympathy and imagination: without there is no capacity for moral thought. To see an animal in pain is enough, for most, to engage sympathy. When that happens, it is not a mistake: it is mankind\'s instinct for moral reasoning in action, an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at.
[例] The old man chopped the block of wood in two with a single blow.
这老头一斧头把木块劈成两半。
[同义] cleave , cut , sever
[派生] chopping / 5tFCpiN / adj. 波浪汹涌的, 硕大强健的
ethical / 5eWikEl / adj. 1与伦理有关2民族的, 民族特有的
[例] I oughtn\'t to do that, it\'s not ethical.
我不该做那件事，它是不合乎道德的。
[派生] ethic / 5eWik / n. 道德规范, 伦理
instinct / 5instiNkt / n. 本能
[例] Birds learn to fly by instinct. 鸟学飞出自本能。
[派生] instinctual / in5stiNktFuEl / adj. 本能的
instinctive / In5stINktIv / adj. 本能的
四、 强化练习
1. Some analysts _______that the recent market rise has been caused by investors\' blind faith in bank and technology shares.
A. quiz B. decline C. argue D. refuse
2. We never went anywhere truly exotic during October because, unlike the insanity here where a billion people squeeze onto the trains, this holiday didn’t_______ for adults unless requested: days off are more liberally applicable in Britain.
A. exist B. rage C. compare D. raise
3. Thankfully the Chinese government has seen how _______ this policy was, and now foreigners and Chinese pay the same to get into parks, museums, monuments and fairgrounds.
A. wonderful B. absurd C. wise D. ironic
4. Retailing Association and Shenzhen Banking Association, which represents 17 banks, proved ________after the banks refused to adopt any concrete measures.
A. random B. readily C. fruitless D. rear
5. “Ours is a world of nuclear giants and________ infants. We know more about war than we know about peace, more about killing than we know about living.”——General Omar Bradley
They were, by far, the largest and most distant objects that scientists had ever detected: a strip of enormous cosmic clouds some 15 billion light years from earth. But even more important, it was the farthest that scientists had been able to look into the past, for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion years ago. That was just about the moment that the universe was born. What the researchers found was at once both amazing and expected; the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration\'s Cosmic Background Explorer satellite -Cobe-had discovered landmark evidence that the universe did in fact begin with the primeval explosion that has become known as the Big Bang (the theory that the universe originated in an explosion from a single mass of energy).
The existence of the giant clouds was virtually required for the Big Bang, first put forward in the 1920s, to maintain its reign as the dominant explanation of the cosmos. According the theory, the universe burst into being as a submicroscopic, unimaginable dense knot of pure energy that flew outward in all directions, emitting radiation as it went, condensing into particles and then into atoms of gas. Over billions of years, the gas was compressed by gravity into galaxies, stars, plants and eventually, even humans.
Cobe is designed to see just the biggest structures, but astronomers would like to see much smaller hot spots as well, the seeds of local objects like clusters and superclusters of galaxies. They shouldn\'t have long to wait. Astrophysicists working with ground-based detectors at the South Pole and balloon borne instruments are closing in on such structures, and may report their findings soon.
If the small hot spots look as expected, that will be a triumph for yet another scientific idea, a refinement of the Big Bang called the inflationary universe theory. Inflation says that very early on, the universe expanded in size by more than a trillion trillion trillion trillion fold in much less than a second, propelled by a sort of antigravity. Odd though it sounds, cosmic inflation is a scientifically plausible consequence of some respected ideas in elementary particle physics, and many astrophysicists have been convinced for the better part of a decade that it is true.
1. According to NASA, \"Hubble played a key role in discovering that a mysterious form of energy called dark energy is acting like a ________ gas pedal, accelerating the universe\'s expansion rate.
A. elapse B. edible C. comedy D. cosmic
2. The__________ of the Thanksgiving celebration has never changed through the years. The big family dinner is planned months ahead.
A. defect B. pattern C. pile D. deception
3. I tried to look over. But my head was too heavy in the position I was in. I got a ________of energy and grabbed hold of the bars. I moved my legs.
A. decent B. dump C. burst D. dwarf
4. Americans are waiting longer to get married, but they shouldn\'t wait too long: The odds for a happy marriage may favor those who tie the _______ between the ages of 23 and 27, says a survey out Thursday.
A. ebb B. drop C. enforce D. knot
5. The realization that she can be a good provider may increase the chances that a working wife will choose divorce over an unsatisfactory marriage. But the reverse is equally ________.
A. plausible B. random C. humorous D. exempt
答案： DBCDA
考研英语核心词汇速成胜经Unit 18
一、 真题文章（1999年）
While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past. Caught in the web of its own time and place, each generation of historians determines a new what is significant for it in the past. In this search the evidence found is always incomplete and scattered; it is also frequently partial or partisan. The irony of the historian\' s craft is that its practitioners always know that their efforts are but contributions to an unending process .
Interest in historical methods has arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves. While history once revered its affinity to literature and philosophy, the emerging social sciences seemed to afford greater opportunities for asking new questions and providing rewarding approaches to an understanding of the past. Social science methodologies had to be adapted to a discipline governed by the primacy of historical sources rather than the imperatives of the contemporary world. During this transfer , traditional historical methods were augmented by additional methodologies designed to interpret the new forms of evidence in the historical study.
Methodology is a term that remains inherently ambiguous in the historical profession. There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry. Historians, especially those so blinded by their research interests that they have been accused of \"tunnel method , \" frequently fall victim to the \"technicist fallacy. \" Also common in the natural sciences , the technicist fallacy mistakenly identifies the discipline as a whole with certain parts of its technical implementation. It applies equally to traditional historians who view history as only the external and internal criticism of sources, and to social science historians who equate their activity with specific techniques.
[反义] common / 5kCmEn / adj. 1共同的, 公共的, 公有的, 普通的2庸俗的, 伪劣的 n. [复][总]平民, 公有, 普通, 共通
[派生] peculiarity / pi7kju:li5Ariti / n. 特性；怪癖
victim / 5viktim / n. 受害人, 牺牲者, 牺牲品
[例] She was the victim of a road accident. 她是一场交通事故的受害者。
[同义] dupe , loser, prey , sufferer , underdog
[派生] victimize / 5viktimaiz / v. 牺牲
[固定搭配] become the victim of (=fall a victim to) 成为...的牺牲品
fallacy / 5fAlEsi / n. 谬误, 谬论
[例] The fallacy has been exposed in its naked absurdity.
这谬论的荒诞性已被充分揭露。
equate / i5kweit / vt. 使相等, [数]视为平等 vi. 等同
[例] You can\'t equate his poems with his plays.
你不能把他的诗跟剧本相提并论。
[派生] equation / i5kweiFEn / n. 相等, 平衡, 方程式, 等式
四、 强化练习
1. Different countries have adopted a range of approaches to discourage the use of plastic bags in an _______ to cut down on the number of bags finding their way into the environment.
A. expertise B. expand C. exploit D. attempt
2. Please let us know when you will pay or at least start by making _______payments.
A. partial B. express C. gorgeous D. grand
3. Terry Mc Auliffe, Democratic National Committee chairman, said Bush \"lied to the citizens of Nevada and he did it for ________political gain.\"
A. grease B. hypothesis C. partisan D. impression
4. Friends often _________ their recipe collection by passing around their favorites written on cards.
A. incline B. augment C. impress D. mean
5. There are, no doubt, kids who dream of becoming chief executive of GE or of Unilever, but their schoolmates regard them as deeply __________.
A. mere B. misery C. peculiar D. monster
答案： DACBC
考研英语核心词汇速成胜经Unit 19
一、 真题文章（2000年）
Governments throughout the world act on the assumption that the welfare of their people depends largely on the economic strength and wealth of the community. Under modem conditions, this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts. Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country\'s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds. It also means that governments are increasingly compelled to interfere in these sectors in order to step up production and ensure that it is utilized to the best advantage. For example, they may encourage research in various ways, including the setting up of their own research centers; they may alter the structure of education, or interfere in order to reduce the wastage of natural resources or tap resources hitherto unexploited ; or they may cooperate directly in the growing number of international projects related to science, economics and industry. In any case, all such interventions are heavily dependent on scientific advice and also scientific and technological manpower of all kinds.
Owing to the remarkable development in mass communications, people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas, while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above. At the same time, the normal rate of social change throughout the world is taking place at a vastly accelerated speed compared with the past. For example, in the early industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrialization with all the far-reaching changes in social patterns that followed-was spread over nearly a century, whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so. All this has the effect of building up unusual pressures and tensions within the community and consequently presents serious problems for the governments concerned. Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements-themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport. As a result of all these factors, governments are becoming increasingly dependent on biologists and social scientists for planning the appropriate programs and putting them into effect.
[固定搭配] compel sb. to do sth. 强迫某人做某事；be compelled to (do) 不得不（做）
wastage / 5weistidV / n. 1消耗量, 损耗2废物
[例] factory wastage 工厂废物
[派生] waste / weist / n. 1废物2浪费；损耗, 消耗 3荒地
adj. 废弃的, 荒芜的, 多余的vt.浪费, 消耗, 使荒芜
vi. 1被浪费, 挥霍钱财2变消瘦；被损耗
tap / tAp / n. 1轻打2活栓；水龙头vt. 1轻打, 轻敲, 敲打出2开发, 分接3使流出4选择 vi. 1轻叩, 轻拍2轻声走 n. <美>(用复数)熄灯号
[例] She tapped him on the shoulder. 她轻轻拍了拍他的肩膀。
[同义] faucet ,pat, rap ,spigot
hitherto / 7hiTE5tu: / adv. 迄今, 至今
[例] The weather, which had hitherto been sunny and mild, suddenly turned cold.迄今一直晴朗温暖的天气突然变冷了
[同义] till now , up to now , so far
[反义] henceforth / hens5fC:W / adv. 自此以后, 今后
intervention / 7intE(:)5venFEn / n. 干涉
[例] armed intervention 武装干涉
[同义] infringement ,interference, intrusion
[派生] interventionist / IntE5venFEnIst / n. 干涉主义者 adj. 干涉主义的
innovation / 7inEu5veiFEn / n. 改革, 创新
[例] The innovation of air travel during this century has made the world seem smaller. 本世纪发明的空中飞行似乎使世界变小了。
[派生] innovative / `InEJveItIv / adj. 创新的, 革新(主义)的
innovate /5inEuveit / vi. 改革, 创新
industrialize / in5dQstriElaiz / vt. 使工业化 vi. 工业化
[例] \"Today, because of industrialization, a typical family will be required to move even more often than now, so families will be even smaller.\"
\"今天,由于工业化,要求一般的家庭比现在移动更加频繁,所以家庭会更小。\"
[派生] industrialized / In`dQstrIElaIzd / adj. 工业化的
nowadays / 5nauEdeiz / adv. 现今, 现在
[例] Nowadays people travel by plane. 如今人们乘飞机旅行。
[同义] now , today
[派生] nowadays / 5nauEdei / adj. 现在的, 当前的
四、 强化练习
1. The World Bank Country Director also expressed his hope that China\'s government will take more effective measures to handle these challenges, in order to improve the________ of people in China.
A. meditation B. welfare C. simulation D. model
2. Secondly, by human nature we are motivated to pursue those activities in which we excel. To _______ scholars to focus only on certain areas would be to force many to waste their true talents.
A. mount B. reduce C. compel D. modify
3. Dr Vidal Pelaez, head of the obstetrics (产科学) and gynaecology (妇科医学) department at the hospital, said: \"Mother and child are in perfect health. Medical_______ lasted 30 minutes with no complications whatsoever.\"
A. monotony B. performance C. perfection D. intervention
4. As competition gets tougher and markets more challenging， _______ in management practice has become an imperative for businesses around the world.
A. innovation B. proclamation C. procession D. prone
5. In a_______ unthinkable step, PADPA is now considering bringing a case against the police for violating its right to demonstrate and for illegal imprisonment.
A. proof B. intricate C. hitherto D. irrespective
答案： BCDAC
考研英语核心词汇速成胜经Unit 20
一、 真题文章（2001年）
In less than 30 years’ time the Star Trek holodeck will be a reality. Direct links between the brain\'s nervous system and a computer will also create full sensory virtual environments, allowing virtual vacations like those in the film Total Recall.
There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend. Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips, computers with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools, relaxation will be in front of smell-television, and digital age will have arrived.
According to BT\'s futurologist, Ian Pearson, these are among the developments scheduled for the first few decades of the new millennium(a period of 1，000 years), when supercomputers will dramatically accelerate progress in all areas of life.
Pearson has pieced together to work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place. Some of the biggest developments will be in medicine, including an extended life expectancy and dozens of artificial organs coming into use between now and 2040.
Pearson also predicts a breakthrough in computer-human links. \"By linking directly to our nervous system, computers could pick up what we feel and, hopefully, simulate feeling too so that we can start to develop full sensory environments, rather like the holidays in Total Recall or the Star Trek holodeck,\" he says. But that, Pearson points out, is only the start of man-machine integration :\"It will be the beginning of the long process of integration that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human before the end of the next century.\"
Through his research, Pearson is able to put dates to most of the breakthroughs that can be predicted. However, there are still no forecasts for when faster-than-light travel will be available, or when human cloning will be perfected, or when time travel will be possible. But he does expect social problems as a result of technological advances. A boom in neighborhood surveillance cameras will , for example, cause problems in 2010, while the arrival of synthetic lifelike robots will mean people may not be able to distinguish between their human friends and the robots. And home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorder-kitchen rage.
1. Shanghai now is the place where people flock to for business, ________ and to gain an “experience”. Each day I am bombarded with friends from all over the world, asking for advice on how to get to shanghai and stay here.
A. flame B. float C. honor D. vacation
2. \"This is the last day that I speak to you,\" Vieri said. \"You can say what you want about me as a player but when you ______ me as a person, well ... I am more of a man than all of you put together.\" Italy play Bulgaria in Group C on Tuesday.
A. horizon B. hoist C. offend D. offer
3. Enclosed is our preliminary_______ for the conference which will be reviewed in weeks.
A. schedule B. legal C. fabric D. deviation
4. What unites business journalists is the need to_______ together compelling stories from the chaos of commercial life.
A. date B. piece C. deem D. cease
5. As for the marketing mix, we’ll package it in gold foil with dark brown lettering to _______ chocolate, and price it 20% higher than our chocolate-covered ice-cream bar.
Almost all our major problems involve human behavior, and they cannot be solved by physical and biological technology alone. What is needed is a technology of behavior, but we have been slow to develop the science from which such a technology might be drawn. One difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science continues to trace behavior to states of mind, feelings, traits of character, human nature, and so on. Physics and biology once followed similar practices and advanced only when they discarded them. The behavioral sciences have been slow to change partly because the explanatory items often seem to be directly observed and partly because other kinds of explanations have been hard to find. The environment is obviously important, but its role has remained obscure. It does not push or pull, it selects, and this function is difficult to discover and analyze. The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago, and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recognized and studied. As the interaction between organism and environment has come to be understood, however, effects once assigned to states of mind, feelings, and traits are beginning to be traced to accessible conditions, and a technology of behavior may therefore become available. It will not solve our problems, however, until it replaces traditional prescientific views, and these are strongly entrenched. Freedom and dignity illustrate the difficulty. They are the possessions of the autonomous (self-governing) man of traditional theory, and they are essential to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements. A scientific analysis shifts both the responsibility and the achievement to the environment. It also raises questions concerning “values.\" Who will use a technology and to what ends? Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.
[例] The troops were entrenched near the mountains.
部队在群山边筑起壕沟以防卫自己。
[派生] entrenchment / In`trentFmEnt/ n. 堑壕
entrenched / in5trentFd / adj. 确立的，不容易改的（风俗习惯）
autonomous / C:5tCnEmEs / adj. 自治的
[例] an autonomous republic 自治共和国
[派生] autonomy / C:5tCnEmi / n. 自治
四、 强化练习
1. If fun and pleasure are equal to happiness then pain must be equal to unhappiness. But in fact, the opposite is true: more often than not things that lead to happiness _________ some pain.
A. revolve B. involve C. revere D. highlight
2. The mammals quickly developed, and we can________ the evolution of many familiar animals such as the elephant and horse.
A. liable B. truck C. linger D. trace
3. This outbreak also highlights a_______ of modern people, which is that we tend to overreact in a crisis situation, instead of remaining calm and act rationally.
A. trait B. glitter C. glory D. distribution
4. As well as being quite specialist in meaning, some of the words in idioms were used two or three hundred years ago, or longer, and can be a little _________.
A. bright B. dizzy C. obscure D. dread
5. This technique is used to ________ ribosomes ([生化]核糖体), which translate the genetic information of the cell into proteins that enable cells to specialize and function properly .
A. illusion B. analyze C. impose D. omit
答案： BDACB
考研英语核心词汇速成胜经Unit 22
一、 真题文章（2003年）
Human beings in all times and places think about their world and wonder at their place in it. Humans are thoughtful and creative, possessed of insatiable curiosity. Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies. Therefore, it is important to study humans in all their richness and diversity in a calm and systematic manner, with the hope that the knowledge resulting from such studies can lead humans to a more harmonious way of living with themselves and with all other life forms on this planet Earth.
“Anthropology” derives from the Greek words anthropos “human” and logos “the study of.” By its very name, anthropology encompasses the study of all humankind.
Anthropology is one of the social sciences. Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.
Social science disciplines include geography, economics, political science, psychology, and sociology. Each of these social sciences has a subfield or specialization which lies particularly close to anthropology.
All the social sciences focus upon the study of humanity. Anthropology is a field-study oriented discipline which makes extensive use of the comparative method in analysis. The emphasis on data gathered first-hand, combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.
Anthropological analyses rest heavily upon the concept of culture. Sir Edward Tylor’s formulation of the concept of culture was one of the great intellectual achievements of 19th century science. Tylor defined culture as“…that complex whole which includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.” This insight, so profound in its simplicity, opened up an entirely new way of perceiving and understanding human life. Implicit within Tylor’s definition is the concept that culture is learned, shared, and patterned behavior.
Thus, the anthropological concept of “culture,” like the concept of “set” in mathematics, is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding.
[同义] enormous ,giant ,gigantic, great ,huge, large ,mammoth
[反义] finite / 5fainait / adj. 有限的, [数]有穷的, 限定的
[派生] immensity / I5mEnsItI / n. 广大, 巨大, 无限, 浩瀚
四、 强化练习
1. Hollywood is a weird combination of________ optimism and total despair.
A. orthodox B. outing C. insatiable D. overlapped
2. Counter-measures must be taken to curb the prevailing trend so as to return people a _________ living and working environment.
A. overwhelming B. harmonious C. owing D. potential
3. The purpose of each science or field of investigation was to accumulate data and to ________ from these phenomena the basic principles or laws or \'forces\' which gave rise to them.
A. derive B. postpone C. prompt D. prosper
4. It was said to be the latest threat in an ongoing series of attacks on ________ by mysteriously mutating \"supergerms.\"
A. retention B. revelation C. review D. humanity
5. When I first glimpsed the snow-capped peak of Tianshan Mountain visually dominating the Lake, the entire landscape filled me with a feeling of ______ awe.
The relation of language and mind has interested philosophers for many centuries. The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be.
Only recently did linguists begin the serious study of languages that were very different from their own. Two anthropologist-linguists, Franz Boas Edward Sapir, were pioneers in describing many native languages of North and South America during the first half of the twentieth century. We are obliged to them because some of these languages have since vanished, as the peoples who spoke them died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages. Other linguists in the earlier part of this century, however, who were less eager to deal with bizarre data from “exotic” language, were not always so grateful. The newly described languages were often so strikingly different from the well studied languages of Europe and Southeast Asia that some scholars even accused Boas and Sapir of fabricating their data.. Native American languages are indeed different, so much so in fact that Navajo could be used by the US military as a code during World War II to send secret messages.
Sapir’s pupil, Benjamin Lee Whorf, continued the study of American Indian languages. Being interested in the relationship of language and thought, Whorf developed the idea that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual thought in a society. He reasoned that because the structure of habitual thought in a society. He reasoned that because it is easier to formulate certain concepts and not others in a given language, the speakers of that language think along one track and not along another. Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which, in its strongest form, states that language imprisons the mind, and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce far-reaching consequences for the culture of a society. Later, this idea became to be known as the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, but this term is somewhat inappropriate. Although both Sapir and Whorf emphasized the diversity of languages, Sapir himself never explicitly supported the notion of linguistic determinism.
[例] This is only a sort of scientific hypothesis which has not been proved by experiments . 这仅仅是一个尚未被实验证明的科学假说。
[派生] hypothetic / 7haipEu5Wetik / adj. 假设的, 假定的
四、 强化练习
1. Most courses offer a wide and _______ range of units for students to select each term.
A. riot B. roundabout C. rotten D. diverse
2. Strong analytical ability to________ information that will assist WWP/OTD in achieving their goals.
A. segment B. stick C. assimilate D. sting
3. The idea that a Canadian citizen such as Ottawa software engineer Maher Arar would need to pay his birthplace of Syria a portion of his income earned in this country (or that Canada would have to pay part of its take from him) seems________.
A. bizarre B. prone C. venerable D. defensive
4. We never went anywhere truly_______ during October because, unlike the insanity here where a billion people squeeze onto the trains, this holiday didn’t exist for adults unless requested .
A. watertight B. permanent C. mean D. exotic
5. No link was found between ________coffee consumption and hypertension(高血压) based on analysis of 12 years of data on 33,077 cases of high blood pressure among 155,594 women .
A. vertical B. vital C. habitual D. fatal
答案： DCADC
考研英语核心词汇速成胜经Unit 24
一、 真题文章（2005年）
It is not easy to talk about the role of the mass media in this overwhelmingly significant phase in European history. History and news become confused, and one\'s impressions tend to be a mixture of skepticism and optimism. Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed-and perhaps never before has it served to much to connect different peoples and nations as is the recent events in Europe .The Europe that is now forming cannot be anything other than its peoples, their cultures and national identities. With this in mind we can begin to analyze the European television scene. In Europe, as elsewhere multi-media groups have been increasingly successful groups which bring together television, radio newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another. One Italian example would be the Berlusconi group while abroad Maxwell and Murdoch come to mind.
Clearly, only the biggest and most flexible television companies are going to be able to compete in such a rich and hotly-contested market. This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks no less than 50% took a loss in 1989.
Moreover, the integration of the European community will oblige television companies to cooperate more closely in terms of both production and distribution.
Creating a “European identity” that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice - that of producing programs in Europe for Europe. This entails reducing our dependence on the North American market, whose programs relate to experiences and cultural traditions which are different from our own.
In order to achieve these objectives, we must concentrate more on co-productions, the exchange of news, documentary services and training. This also involves the agreements between European countries for the creation of a European bank will handle the finances necessary for production costs. In dealing with a challenge on such a scale, it is no exaggeration to say “Unity we stand, divided we fall” -and if I had to choose a slogan it would be “Unity in our diversity.” A unity of objectives that nonetheless respect the varied peculiarities of each country.
1. He noted, however, that China will face many problems during the country\'s next ________ of development, such as the growing gap between urban and rural China, the inefficient use of energy, and the acute pollution problem in some Chinese cities.
A. phrase B. graph C. phase D. pamphlet
2. The provision of _______ pathways for study is also an important feature – for example students are not streamed or channeled through particular types of school from which future study options are determined.
A. flexible B. turning C. ultimate D. unanimous
3. The professionals in these fields serve a probationary period(试用期) and ________ competence to attain a certain level of freedom in their fields.
A. render B. demonstrate C. renew D. halt
4. And the remaining colonists decided to celebrate with a feast -- including 91 Indians who had helped the Pilgrims_______ their first year.
A. grope B. fling C. survive D. consist
5. Important source of financing for start-up companies or others embarking on new or turnaround ventures that ________ some investment risk, but offer the potential for above-average future profits.
Canada\'s premiers (the leaders of provincial governments), if they have any breath left after complaining about Ottawa at their late July annual meeting, might spare a moment to do something, to reduce health-care costs.
They\'re all groaning about soaring health budgets, the fastest-growing component of which are pharmaceutical costs.
According to the Canadian Institute for Health Information， prescription drug costs have risen since 1997 at twice the rate of overall health-care spending. Part of the increase comes from drugs being used to replace other kinds of treatments .Part of it arises from new drugs costing more than older kinds. Part of it is higher prices.
What to do? Both the Romanow commission and the Kirby committee on health care---to say nothing of reports from other experts--- recommended the creation of a national drug agency. Instead of each province having its own list of approved drugs , bureaucracy, procedures and limited bargaining power, all would pool resources ,work with Ottawa, and create a national institution.
What does “national” mean? Roy Romanow and Senator Michael Kirby recommended a federal-provincial body much like the recently created National Health Council.
But “national” doesn\'t have to mean that. “National” could mean inter-provincial-provinces combining efforts to create one body.
Either way, one benefit of a “national” organization would be to negotiate better prices, if possible, with drug manufacturers. Instead of having one province-or a series of hospitals within a province-negotiate a price for a given drug on the provincial list, the national agency would negotiate on behalf of all provinces.
Rather than, say, Quebec, negotiating on behalf of seven million people, the national agency would negotiate on behalf 31 million people. Basic economics suggests the greater the potential consumers, the higher the likelihood of a better price.
Of course the pharmaceutical companies will scream. They like divided buyers, they can lobby better that way. They can use the threat of removing jobs from one province to another. They can hope that, if one province includes a drug on its list , the pressure will cause others to include it on theirs. They wouldn\'t like a national agency, but self-interest would lead them to deal with it.
A small step has been taken in the direction of a national agency with the creation of the Canadian Co-ordinating Office for Health Technology Assessment, funded by Ottawa and the provinces. Under it, a Common Drug Review recommends to provincial lists which new drugs should be included. Predictably, and regrettably, Quebec refused to join.
A few premiers are suspicious of any federal-provincial deal-making. They (particularly Quebec and Alberta) just want Ottawa to fork over additional billions with few, if any, strings attached. That\'s one reason why the idea of a national list hasn\'t gone anywhere, while drug costs keep rising fast.
So, if the provinces want to run the health-care show , they should prove they can run it ,starting with an inter-provincial health list that would end duplication ,save administrative costs , prevent one province from being played off against another ,and bargain for better drug prices.
Premiers love to quote Mr. Romanow\'s report selectively, especially the parts about more federal money. Perhaps they should read what he had to say a bout drugs:“A national drug agency would provide governments more influence on pharmaceutical companies in order to try to constrain the ever-increasing cost of drugs.”
Or they could read Mr. Kirby\'s report:“The substantial buying power of such an agency would strengthen the public prescription-drug insurance plans to negotiate the lowest possible purchase prices from drug companies”
So when the premiers gather in Niagara Falls to assemble their usual complaint list, they should also get cracking about something in their jurisdiction that would help their budgets and patients.
[固定搭配] within sb \'s jurisdiction在某人的权限之内； outside sb \'s jurisdiction
在某人的权限之外；
四、强化练习
1. Furthermore, mandatory retirement will put a financial strain on the limited _______ of the government as retired people mainly live on the state pension.
A. deficit B. tariff C. budget D. tax
2. After the girl got the________ from the doctor, she asked: \"How soon will I get better with the medicine?\"
A. dictation B. aspiration C. information D. prescription
3.The purpose of the ________ is not to clone human beings but to establish cell cultures that can serve as models of human disease.
A. constancy B. procedure C. consolation D. choice
4. Many Chinese companies have promised to give support for the relief and reconstruction of the affected countries, among which China’s leading computer _________ Lenovo will offer half a million US dollars.
A. manufacturer B. commodity C. chorus D. virus
5. There is a popular perception that the psychological difference between men and women is ________ - as seen in books such as Men Are From Mars, Women Are From Venus by John Gray.
A. eligible B. amicable C. substantial D. surface
答案： CDBAC
考研英语核心词汇速成胜经Unit 26
一、真题文章（1994年text 1）
The American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterprise, market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most. Private businessmen, striving to make profits, produce these goods and services in competition with other businessmen; and the profit motive, operating under competitive pressures, largely determines how these goods and services are produced. Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.
An important factor in a market-oriented economy is the mechanism by which consumer demands can be expressed and responded to by producers. In the American economy, this mechanism is provided by a price system, a process in which prices rise and fall in response to relative demands of consumers and supplies offered by seller-producers. If the product is in short supply relative to the demand, the price will be bid up and some consumers will be eliminated from the market. If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product. Thus, price is the regulating mechanism in the American economic system.
The important factor in a private-enterprise economy is that individuals are allowed to own productive resources (private property) , and they are permitted to hire labor, gain control over natural resources, and produce goods and services for sale at a profit. In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual.
[例] She embraced her son tenderly when he came home after ten years\' absence. 她儿子离家十年后回家时她亲切地拥抱儿子。
[同义] hug, hold, accept, adopt
四、强化练习
1、The article＿＿＿many important points of the government reconstruction plan.
A. fluctuates B. flourish C. endows D. embraces
2、The police found some stolen ＿＿ in the thief’s house.
A. property B. factor C. relative D. motive
3、We must ＿＿＿ our products to the needs of the market.
A. enterprise B. eliminate C. orient D. commodity
4、This new invention will bring you great ＿＿＿ like a goldmine.
A. bid B. profits C. control D. rein
5、The patient has ＿＿＿ rapidly to the treatment.
A. responded B. occupied C. occur D. denoted
6、The ＿＿＿ of oral learning is largely that of continuous repetition.
A. maximum B. quantity C. mechanism D. strength
7、The sick man complained of a feeling of ＿＿＿ on his chest.
A. stride B. stream C. linger D. pressure
8、His ＿＿ for working so hard is that he needs money.
A. optimum B. ornament C. reign D. motive
9、The little girl ＿＿＿ her granny good morning as she gets up in the morning.
A. strike B. bid C. provoke D. bid
10、The local library is a valuable ＿＿＿.
A. flare B. dilemma C. resource D. diffuse
答案：DACBA CDCDC
考研英语核心词汇速成胜经Unit 27
一、真题文章（1994年text 2）
One hundred and thirteen million Americans have at least one bank-issued credit card. They give their owners automatic credit in stores, restaurants, and hotels, at home, across the country, and even abroad, and they make many banking services available as well. More and more of these credit cards can be read automatically, making it possible to withdraw or deposit money in scattered locations, whether or not the local branch bank is open. For many of us the \"cashless society\" is not on the horizon—it\'s already here.
While computers offer these conveniences to consumers, they have many advantages for sellers too. Electronic cash registers can do much more than simply ring up sales. They can keep a wide range of records, including who sold what, when, and to whom. This information allows businessmen to keep track of their list of goods by showing which items are being sold and how fast they are moving. Decisions to reorder or return goods to suppliers can then be made. At the same time these computers record which hours are busiest and which employees are the most efficient, allowing personnel and staffing assignments to be made accordingly. And they also identify preferred customers for promotional campaigns. Computers are relied on by manufacturers for similar reasons. Computer-analyzed marketing reports can help to decide which products to emphasize now, which to develop for the future, and which to drop. Computers keep track of goods in stock, of raw materials on hand, and even of the production process itself.
Numerous other commercial enterprises, from theaters to magazine publishers, from gas and electric utilities to milk processors, bring better and more efficient services to consumers through the use of computers.
[例] The scientist analyzed the milk and found it contained too much water. 科学家分析了一下牛奶，发现里面含水分过多。
[反义] synthesize
[派生] analysis / E5nAlisis / n. 分析, 分解
analyst / 5AnElist / n. 分析家, 分解者
emphasize / 5emfEsaIz / vt. 强调, 着重 v. 强调
[例] I must emphasize the fact that they are only children. 我必须强调这一事实,即他们只不过是孩子。
[反义] ignore, neglect
[派生] emphasis / 5emfEsis / n. 强调, 重点
raw / rC: / adj. 未加工的, 生疏的, 处于自然状态的 vt. 擦伤
[例] All these are raw materials. 这些都是原材料。
numerous / 5nju:mErEs / adj. 众多的, 许多的, 无数的
[例] Those birds have become more numerous lately. 近来那种鸟变得越来越多了。
[同义] many,a lot of
commercial / kE5mE:FEl / adj. 商业的, 贸易的
[例] A commercial college teaches things that would be useful in business. 商学院教授那些在商业中可能会有用的东西。
[派生] commerce / 5kCmE(:)s / n. 商业
utility / ju:5tiliti / n. 效用, 有用
[例] A commodity or service, such as electricity, water, or public transportation, that is provided by a public utility. 公用事业：由公用事业公司提供的商品或服务，如电力，水和公共交通
[派生] utilize / ju:5tIlaIz / vt. 利用
processor / 5prEusesE / n. 处理机 处理器
[例] a wood pulp processor 纸浆加工机
[派生] process / prE5ses / n. 过程, 作用, 方法, 程序 vt. 加工
processive / prEJ`sesIv / adj. 前进的,进行的,向前的
四、强化练习
1、He received full ＿＿ for his studies at a previous school.
A. commerce B. process C. production D. credit
2、The young army officer was ＿＿ (to the rank of) captain.
A. scattered B. promoted C. utilized D. located
3、I\'m sorry, those overcoats are not ＿＿ in your color and size.
A. numerous B. commercial C. horizontal D. available
4、A transmission or a motor vehicle with an ＿＿ gear-shifting mechanism.
A. personnel B. staff C. analyzed D. automatic
5、I ＿＿ the jacket at once; it was my brother\'s.
A. identified B. assigned C. registered D. deposited
6、The firm is now in the ＿＿ of moving the main equipment to a new place.
A. emphasis B. raw C. utility D. process
7、The teacher ＿＿ paper and pencils to all the children.
A. infer B. initiated C. issued D. manifested
8、The two governments ＿＿ a day for the next negotiation.
A. humble B. elite C. emitted D. assigned
9、The new secretary is a quick, ＿＿ worker, and the boss is quite satisfied with her.
A. efficiency B. effective C. efficient D. dim
10、Our country has been trying to broaden its ＿＿with other nations.
Exceptional children are different in some significant way from others of the same age. For these children to develop to their full adult potential, their education must be adapted to those differences.
Although we focus on the needs of exceptional children, we find ourselves describing their environment as well. While the leading actor on the stage captures our attention, we are aware of the importance of the supporting players and the scenery of the play itself. Both the family and the society in which exceptional children live are often the key to their growth and development. And it is in the public schools that we find the full expression of society\' s understanding—the knowledge, hopes, and fears that are passed on to the next generation.
Education in any society is a mirror of that society. In that minor we can see the strengths, the weaknesses, the hopes, the prejudices, and the central values of the culture itself. The great interest in exceptional children shown in public education over the past three decades indicates the strong feeling in our society that all citizens, whatever their special conditions, deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities.
\"All men are created equal.\" We\'ve heard it many times, but it still has important meaning for education in a democratic society. Although the phrase was used by this country\'s founders to denote equality before the law, it has also been interpreted to mean equality of opportunity. That concept implies educational opportunity for all children-the right of each child to receive help in learning to the limits of his or her capacity, whether that capacity be small or great. Recent court decisions have confirmed the right of all children-disabled or not-to an appropriate education, and have ordered that public schools take the necessary steps to provide that education. In response, schools are modifying their programs, adapting instruction to children who are exceptional, to those who cannot profit substantially from regular programs.
[例] “a proper democratic scorn for bloated dukes and lords”(George du Maurier) “真正的民主对发胖的贵族和地主嗤之以鼻”(乔治·杜·莫里耶)
[派生] democracy / di5mCkrEsi / n. 民主政治, 民主主义
denote / di5nEut / vt. 指示, 表示
[例] The mark ‘∧’ denotes a place of omission. “∧”记号指示有脱漏的地方。
[同义] imply，indicate，signify
equality / i(:)5kwCliti / n. 等同性, 同等, 平等, 相等, 等式
[例] All three children have equality in our family — they are all treated in the same way. 三个小孩在我们家都是平等的，他们都被同等对待。
interpreter / in5tE:pritE / n.1解释程序2解释者,口译人员；翻译员
[例] “An actor is an interpreter of other men\'s words, often a soul which wishes to reveal itself to the world”(Alec Guinness) “演员是他人话语的口译员，通常是一个希望向世界展示自己的人物”(亚历克·吉尼斯)
1、 In order to be classified as having ＿＿＿ ability in the sciences, arts, or business, the individual must provide some documents.
A. primitive B. gossip C. brief D. exceptional
2、 The answer is that the conversion factor with the smallest number of ＿＿＿ figures determines the overall accuracy of any calculation.
A. weak B. bold C. significant D. slack
3、 ＿＿＿ energy exists whenever an object which has mass has a position within a force field.
A. startle B. static C. Potential D. manifest
4、 Evolution\'s rules are simple: Creatures that ＿＿＿ to threats and master the evolutionary game thrive; those that don\'t, become extinct.
A. adapt B. engage C. disgust D. consist
5、The use of motion ＿＿＿ for computer character animation is relatively new, having begun in the late 1970\'s, and only now beginning to become widespread.
A. captive B. capture C. incidence D. retort
6、Instead of bringing or holding people together, ＿＿＿ and discrimination push them apart.
A. prejudice B. retain C. strength D. stretch
7、 In a recent address at the Whitehill Chapel, President George W. Bush declared that Palestinians ＿＿＿ better leadership.
A. moderate B. timid C. wink D. deserve
8、 The term \"CC/PP attribute\" is used here to refer to a specific ＿＿＿ or characteristic of a client (or other system) that appears in a CC/PP profile.
A. capacity B. capability C. deserve D. modification
9、 The Washington Post commends the California legislature for its historic endorsement of marriage ＿＿.
A. substance B. generation C. implication D. equality
10、The question of how the Supreme Court should ＿＿ the Constitution lies at the heart of recent debates over judicial nominations, and could have important implications for public policy.
A. denote B. interpret C. pulse D. inhibit
答案：DCCAB ADBDB
考研英语核心词汇速成胜经Unit 29
一、真题文章(1994年text 4)
\"I have great confidence that by the end of the decade we\'ll know in vast detail how cancer cells arise,\" says microbiologist Robert Weinberg, an expert on cancer. \"But,\" he cautions, \"some people have the idea that once one understands the causes, the cure will rapidly follow. Consider Pasteur，he discovered the causes of many kinds of infections, but it was fifty or sixty years before cures were available. \"
This year, 50 percent of the 910,000 people who suffer from cancer will survive at least five years. In the year 2000, the National Cancer Institute estimates, that figure will be 75 percent. For some skin cancers, the five-year survival rate is as high as 90 percent. But other survival statistics are still discouraging-----13 percent for lung cancer, and 2 percent for cancer of the pancreas (胰腺) .
With as many as 120 varieties in existence, discovering how cancer works is not easy. The researchers made great progress in the early 1970s, when they discovered that oncogenes, which are cancer-causing genes (基因) , are inactive in normal cells. Anything from cosmic rays to radiation to diet may activate a dormant oncogene, but how remains unknown. If several oncogenes are driven into action, the cell, unable to turn them off, becomes cancerous.
The exact mechanisms involved are still mysterious, but the likelihood that many cancers are initiated at the level of genes suggests that we will never prevent all cancers. \"Changes are a normal part of the evolutionary process,\" says oncologist William Hayward. Environmental factors can
never be totally eliminated; as Hayward points out, \"We can\'t prepare a medicine against cosmic rays.\"
The prospects for cure, though still distant, are brighter.
\"First, we need to understand how the normal cell controls itself. Second, we have to determine whether there are a limited number of genes in cells which are always responsible for at least part of the trouble. If we can understand how cancer works, we can counteract its action. \"
[例] “The most vital quality a soldier can possess is self-confidence, utter, complete and bumptious” (George S. Patton). “一个士兵所拥有的最重要的品格是自信、果断、彻底和骄傲” （乔治·S·巴顿）。
[同义] assurance
[反义] doubt, distrust, diffidence
[派生] confident / 5kCnfidEnt / adj. 自信的, 确信的
vast / vB:st / adj. 巨大的, 辽阔的, 巨额的
[例] The city is vast compared to our village. 和我们村相比，这个城市非常大。
[例] The normal price of a ticket if $230! 一张票的正常价格是230英镑。
[同义] ordinary, regular
[反义] abnormal
counteract / 7kauntE5rAkt / vt. 抵消, 中和
[例] This drug should counteract the poison. 这药可消解毒性。
四、强化练习
1、\"One thing I\'m ＿＿ of is that, at the end of the day, after the jury\'s heard all of the evidence, they will find and see that George Ryan is not guilty of all charges in this indictment,\" said Webb, who should not be underestimated on that score despite the multitude of accusations facing his client.
A. cautious B. confident C. cancerous D. mysterious
2、NASA\'s Hubble Space Telescope has snapped a panoramic portrait of a ＿＿, sculpted landscape of gas and dust where thousands of stars are being born.
A. vast B. dormant C. initial D. numb
3、Most HIV infections still occur in men, however, the frequency of ＿＿ in women is increasing, especially in developing countries.
A. designation B. participation C. retort D. infection
4、To ＿＿ as a hunter-gatherer you have to know which you can eat and which to avoid.
A. modify B. preach C. survive D. shrink
5、Please note: this tool will ＿＿ the gross amount of your retirement benefit.
A. terrify B. update C. persevere D. estimate
6、In this section you will find arguments of many different kinds for the ＿＿ of God.
A. orient B. ornament C. existence D. hazard
7、Find about how to＿＿ important stakeholders -- staff, parents, community members, and other professionals -- in your staff development efforts.
A. heal B. involve C. meditate D. stress
8、We look at how RSS has ＿＿ from its humble beginnings through present day and beyond.
A. evolved B. wrinkled C. occurred D. identify
9、We will ＿＿ an IDT to transfer funds for the mouse expenses when we begin the injection series. This portion of the fee is about half.
A. glance B. defy C. initiate D. deform
10、Tribal leaders hope to ＿＿ Bush budget cuts.
A. delegate B. calculate C. counteract D. boost
答案：BADCD CBACC
考研英语核心词汇速成胜经Unit 30
一、真题文章 ( 1994年text 5 )
Discoveries in science and technology are thought by \"untaught minds\" to come in blinding flashes or as the result of dramatic accidents. Sir Alexander Fleming did not, as legend would have it, look at the mold ( 霉 ) on a piece of cheese and get the idea for penicillin there and then. He experimented with antibacterial substances for nine years before he made his discovery. Inventions and innovations almost always come out of laborious trial and error. Innovation is like soccer; even the best players miss the goal and have their shots blocked much more frequently than they score.
The point is that the players who score most are the ones who take most shots at the goal ---and so it goes with innovation in any field of activity. The prime difference between innovators and others is one of approach. Everybody gets ideas, but innovators work consciously on theirs, and they follow them through until they prove practicable or otherwise. What ordinary people see as fanciful abstractions , professional innovators see as solid possibilities.
\"Creative thinking may mean simply the realization that there\' s no particular virtue in doing things the way they have always been done, \" wrote Rudolph Flesch , a language authority, this accounts for our reaction to seemingly simple innovations like plastic garbage bags and suitcases on wheels that make life more convenient : \"How come nobody thought of that before?\"
The creative approach begins with the proposition that nothing is as it appears. Innovators will not accept that there is only one way to do anything. Faced with getting from A to B, the average person will automatically set out on the best-known and apparently simplest route. The innovator will search for alternate courses, which may prove easier in the long run and are bound to be more interesting and challenging even if they lead to dead ends.
Highly creative individuals really do march to a different drummer.
[例] Science and technology is the symbol of the modern society .
科技是现代社会的标志。
[派生] technological / 7teknE5lCdVikEl / adj. 科技的
technologist / tek5nClEdVist / n. 技术专家, 工艺学家, 工艺人员
dramatic / drE5mAtik / adj. 戏剧性的, 动人的
[例] The mountains , blue –green glaciers, and other dramatic sights are attracting more and more tourists each year . 连绵的山峦，翠绿的冰川，以及其他许多惊心动魄的景色年年吸引着越来越多的游客。
[同义] significant ,noticeable
[派生] drama / 5drB:mE / n. (在舞台上演的)戏剧, 戏剧艺术
dramatics / drE5mAtiks / n. 业余演出(或创作的)戏剧,戏剧效果
legend / 5ledVEnd / n. 传说, 传奇，伟人传；图例
[例] He is a legend in his own lifetime for his scientific discoveries .
他在他那时代是科学发明界的传奇人物。
[派生] legendary / 5ledVEndEri / n. 传奇故事书, 传奇文学 adj. 传说中的
mold / mEuld / n.1模子, 铸型2霉3性格, 气质 vt. 浇铸, 塑造
[例] He is cast in his father\'s mold. 他长得和他父亲一模一样。
[派生] moldy / 5mEJldI / adj. 发霉的, 腐臭的
antibacterial / 5AntibAk5tiEriEl / adj. 抗菌的 n. 抗菌药
[例]The chemist experimented for many times and at last he discovered the antibacterial substances.
这个药剂师实验了很多次，最终发现了这些抗菌物质。
innovation / 7inEu5veiFEn / n. 创新, 革新, 改革, 新发明
[例] The innovation of air travel during this century has made the world seem smaller.本世纪发明的空中飞行似乎使世界变小了。
[派生] innovate / 5inEuveit / vi. 改革, 创新
innovative / `InEJveItIv/ adj. 创新的, 革新(主义)的
soccer / 5sCkE / n. 英式足球
[例] Soccer is a popular game played between 2 teams of 11 players who
kick or touch a round ball without using the arms or hands .
足球是一种非常受欢迎的运动，比赛双方由11名球员组成，球员不得用手或
胳膊触碰球。
[同义] football / 5futbC:l / n.足球, 橄榄球
prime / praim / n. 最初, 青春, 精华 adj. 1主要的, 最初的, 有青春活力的2最好的 v. 1预先准备好, <口>让人吃(喝)足2灌注, 填装
[例] 1灌注： They primed the lamp with oil. 他们为灯加满了油。
2最好：Spring is the prime time for planting trees. 春天是植树的最好时间。
[派生] primely / `praImlI / adv. 最初, 最好地, 极好地
[同义] chief ,leading ,main , principal
[反义] subordinate
approach / E5prEutF / n. 1接近, 逼近, 走进2方法, 步骤, 途径, 通路 vt. 1接近2动手处理 vi . 靠近
[例] 1接近：The performance approaches perfection.
表演近乎完美
2方法：The approach is perfect.
这是一个完美的方案。
[同义] reach, come near
[反义] separate ,part
consciously / 5kCnFEs li / adv. 有意识地, 自觉地
[例] He was badly hurt and could not think consciously .
[例] His life seems very dull and alternates between work and sleep.
他的生活似乎很枯燥,就是工作完了睡觉,睡完觉又工作。
[同义] periodic ,rotate , change
[反义] consecutive, successive, sequent
[派生] alternation / 7C:ltE:5neiFEn / n.交替, 轮流, 间隔
alternative / C:l5tE:nEtiv / n. 二中择一, 可供选择的办法, 事物 adj.选择性的, 二中择一的
bound / baund / n. 跃进, 跳, 范围, 限度 adj. 正要启程的, 开往…去的, 被束缚的, 装订的 v. 跳跃, 限制
[例]1跳： His heart bounded with excitement. 他兴奋得心头砰砰直跳。
2限度Our joy knew no bounds. 我们快乐无比。
[同义] jump, leap
[固定搭配]be bound to 必定, 一定；be bound up in 热心于, 专心致志于；
be bound up with 与……有密切联系; 与……利益一致；
四、强化练习
1. His character has been ________ more by his experiences in life than by the education he got at school .
A. beheld B. harnessed C. molded D. condensed
2. ________ in factories sometimes cause industrial troubles .
A. Processes B. Motivation C. Exclusion D. Innovations
3. I was attracted by a very _________ woman with flashing eyes and a long black dress.
A. drastic B. consistent C. dramatic D. implicit
4. His book presents a new _______ to the difficulty .
A. approach B. consumption C. contamination D. array
5. He wore a look of ________ and I knew his thought were far away .
A. excitement B. abstraction C. concentration D. strain
6. If a footballer handles the ball to stop another player getting it , it is often called a ________ offence .
A. productive B. primitive C. professional D. potential
7. Look! There are so many dark clouds . It’s ________ to rain .
A. imperative B. rival C. bound D. desolate
8. The ________ at the town hall are slow to deal with the complaints .
A. blacksmith B. authority C. jargon D. mount
9. The man wanted to buy our house and made us an attractive _______ .
A. auction B. judge C. justice D. proposition
10. She was so nervous that she ________ in watching the clock and staring at the telephone .
A. alternated B. amended C. amazed D. succeeded
答案：CDCAB CCBDA
考研英语核心词汇速成胜经Unit 31
一、 真题文章(1995年text 1)
Money spent on advertising is money spent as well as any I know of . It serves directly to assist a rapid distribution of goods at reasonable prices, thereby establishing a firm home market and so making it possible to provide for export at competitive prices. By drawing attention to new ideas it helps enormously to raise standards of living. By helping to increase demand it ensures an increased need for labor, and is therefore an effective way to fight unemployment . It lowers the costs of many services: without advertisements your daily newspaper would cost four times as much, the price of your television license would need to be doubled, and travel by bus or tube would cost 20 per cent more.
And perhaps most important of all, advertising provides a guarantee of reasonable value in the products and services you buy. Apart from the fact that twenty-seven acts of Parliament govern the terms of advertising, no regular advertiser dare promote a product that fails to live up to the promise of his advertisements. He might fool some people for a little while through misleading advertising. He will not do so for long, for mercifully the public has the good sense not to buy the inferior article more than once. If you see an article consistently advertised, it is the surest proof I know that the article does what is claimed for it , and that it represents good value.
Advertising does more for the material benefit of the community than any other force I can think of.
There is one more point I feel I ought to touch on. Recently I heard a well-known television personality declare that he was against advertising because it persuades rather than informs. He was drawing excessively fine distinctions. Of course advertising seeks to persuade.
If its message were confined merely to information---and that in itself would be difficult if not impossible to achieve, for even a detail such as the choice of the color of a shirt is subtly persuasive---advertising would be so boring that no one would pay any attention. But perhaps that is what the well-known television personality wants.
personality / 7pE:sE5nAliti / n. 1个性, 人格；人物, 名人2(用复数)诽谤、人身攻击
[例] Though their personalities differed, they got along as friends.
虽然他们性格迥异，但却相处友好
[同义] identity , individuality
四、 强化练习
1. Employers and educators can get practical information about ______ accommodations and how the ADA and other laws apply to people with psychiatric（精神病学的）disabilities in employment or education.
A. blunt B. rigid C. raw D. reasonable
2. Export Finance and Insurance Corporation aims to increase Australian _______ by providing to our clients internationally competitive insurance and finance services.
A. tourism B. exports C. agriculture D. reputation
3. There are very ______ ways to \"structure\" a query and use special operators to target the results you seek. Absent these techniques, you will spend endless hours looking at useless documents that do not contain the information you want.
A. valid B. wrong C. slow D. effective
4. Seeking to build support among black families for its education reform law, the Bush administration paid a prominent black pundit (博学者) $240,000 to ______ the law on his nationally syndicated television show and to urge other black journalists to do the same.
A. ripen B. magnify C. promote D. feed
5. The Feb. 13, 1945 bombing of Dresden by the British Royal Air Force has become a symbol for excessive violence on the part of the Allies during World War II. But with the 60th anniversary of the bombing on Sunday, a new book by British historian Frederick Taylor argues that this view may not be quite accurate. He said “Dresden(德累斯顿,德国Saxony邦首府) Bombing Is To Be Regretted ________\".
A. Enormously B. Favorably C. Feasibly D. Finitely
6. The _________ mirage(海市蜃楼)forms when light rays passing through a relatively warm layer of air are bent upward from their path.
A. feeble B. different C. inferior D. similar
7. \"Deciding whether and how to ______ a genetically engineered organism cannot be an afterthought,\" said committee chair T. Kent Kirk, professor emeritus, department of bacteriology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, and a former microbiologist with the U.S. Department of Agriculture.
A. confine B. fire C. discreet D. dictate
8. Theorem([数]定理 ) 3 is remarkable in that considerably fewer conditions than in the previous theorems ______ universality .
A. diffuse B. differentiate C. assess D. ensure
9. The ______ between phenotype(显型)and genotype is fundamental to the understanding of heredity and development of organisms.
A. distinction B. assault C. asset D. contest
10. A ________ disorder is basically a set of traits that combine to negatively affect your life. They have a wide range of causes and some are easier to treat than others.
A. personality B. purity C. attachment D. calculation
Exceptional children are different in some significant way from others of the same age. For these children to develop to their full adult potential, their education must be adapted to those differences.
Although we focus on the needs of exceptional children, we find ourselves describing their environment as well. While the leading actor on the stage captures our attention, we are aware of the importance of the supporting players and the scenery of the play itself. Both the family and the society in which exceptional children live are often the key to their growth and development. And it is in the public schools that we find the full expression of society\' s understanding—the knowledge, hopes, and fears that are passed on to the next generation.
Education in any society is a mirror of that society. In that minor we can see the strengths, the weaknesses, the hopes, the prejudices, and the central values of the culture itself. The great interest in exceptional children shown in public education over the past three decades indicates the strong feeling in our society that all citizens, whatever their special conditions, deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities.
\"All men are created equal.\" We\'ve heard it many times, but it still has important meaning for education in a democratic society. Although the phrase was used by this country\'s founders to denote equality before the law, it has also been interpreted to mean equality of opportunity. That concept implies educational opportunity for all children-the right of each child to receive help in learning to the limits of his or her capacity, whether that capacity be small or great. Recent court decisions have confirmed the right of all children-disabled or not-to an appropriate education, and have ordered that public schools take the necessary steps to provide that education. In response, schools are modifying their programs, adapting instruction to children who are exceptional, to those who cannot profit substantially from regular programs.
[例] “a proper democratic scorn for bloated dukes and lords”(George du Maurier) “真正的民主对发胖的贵族和地主嗤之以鼻”(乔治·杜·莫里耶)
[派生] democracy / di5mCkrEsi / n. 民主政治, 民主主义
denote / di5nEut / vt. 指示, 表示
[例] The mark ‘∧’ denotes a place of omission. “∧”记号指示有脱漏的地方。
[同义] imply，indicate，signify
equality / i(:)5kwCliti / n. 等同性, 同等, 平等, 相等, 等式
[例] All three children have equality in our family — they are all treated in the same way. 三个小孩在我们家都是平等的，他们都被同等对待。
interpreter / in5tE:pritE / n.1解释程序2解释者,口译人员；翻译员
[例] “An actor is an interpreter of other men\'s words, often a soul which wishes to reveal itself to the world”(Alec Guinness) “演员是他人话语的口译员，通常是一个希望向世界展示自己的人物”(亚历克·吉尼斯)
1、 In order to be classified as having ＿＿＿ ability in the sciences, arts, or business, the individual must provide some documents.
A. primitive B. gossip C. brief D. exceptional
2、 The answer is that the conversion factor with the smallest number of ＿＿＿ figures determines the overall accuracy of any calculation.
A. weak B. bold C. significant D. slack
3、 ＿＿＿ energy exists whenever an object which has mass has a position within a force field.
A. startle B. static C. Potential D. manifest
4、 Evolution\'s rules are simple: Creatures that ＿＿＿ to threats and master the evolutionary game thrive; those that don\'t, become extinct.
A. adapt B. engage C. disgust D. consist
5、The use of motion ＿＿＿ for computer character animation is relatively new, having begun in the late 1970\'s, and only now beginning to become widespread.
A. captive B. capture C. incidence D. retort
6、Instead of bringing or holding people together, ＿＿＿ and discrimination push them apart.
A. prejudice B. retain C. strength D. stretch
7、 In a recent address at the Whitehill Chapel, President George W. Bush declared that Palestinians ＿＿＿ better leadership.
A. moderate B. timid C. wink D. deserve
8、 The term \"CC/PP attribute\" is used here to refer to a specific ＿＿＿ or characteristic of a client (or other system) that appears in a CC/PP profile.
A. capacity B. capability C. deserve D. modification
9、 The Washington Post commends the California legislature for its historic endorsement of marriage ＿＿.
A. substance B. generation C. implication D. equality
10、The question of how the Supreme Court should ＿＿ the Constitution lies at the heart of recent debates over judicial nominations, and could have important implications for public policy.
A. denote B. interpret C. pulse D. inhibit
答案：DCCAB ADBDB
考研英语核心词汇速成胜经Unit 29
一、真题文章(1994年text 4)
\"I have great confidence that by the end of the decade we\'ll know in vast detail how cancer cells arise,\" says microbiologist Robert Weinberg, an expert on cancer. \"But,\" he cautions, \"some people have the idea that once one understands the causes, the cure will rapidly follow. Consider Pasteur，he discovered the causes of many kinds of infections, but it was fifty or sixty years before cures were available. \"
This year, 50 percent of the 910,000 people who suffer from cancer will survive at least five years. In the year 2000, the National Cancer Institute estimates, that figure will be 75 percent. For some skin cancers, the five-year survival rate is as high as 90 percent. But other survival statistics are still discouraging-----13 percent for lung cancer, and 2 percent for cancer of the pancreas (胰腺) .
With as many as 120 varieties in existence, discovering how cancer works is not easy. The researchers made great progress in the early 1970s, when they discovered that oncogenes, which are cancer-causing genes (基因) , are inactive in normal cells. Anything from cosmic rays to radiation to diet may activate a dormant oncogene, but how remains unknown. If several oncogenes are driven into action, the cell, unable to turn them off, becomes cancerous.
The exact mechanisms involved are still mysterious, but the likelihood that many cancers are initiated at the level of genes suggests that we will never prevent all cancers. \"Changes are a normal part of the evolutionary process,\" says oncologist William Hayward. Environmental factors can
never be totally eliminated; as Hayward points out, \"We can\'t prepare a medicine against cosmic rays.\"
The prospects for cure, though still distant, are brighter.
\"First, we need to understand how the normal cell controls itself. Second, we have to determine whether there are a limited number of genes in cells which are always responsible for at least part of the trouble. If we can understand how cancer works, we can counteract its action. \"
[例] “The most vital quality a soldier can possess is self-confidence, utter, complete and bumptious” (George S. Patton). “一个士兵所拥有的最重要的品格是自信、果断、彻底和骄傲” （乔治·S·巴顿）。
[同义] assurance
[反义] doubt, distrust, diffidence
[派生] confident / 5kCnfidEnt / adj. 自信的, 确信的
vast / vB:st / adj. 巨大的, 辽阔的, 巨额的
[例] The city is vast compared to our village. 和我们村相比，这个城市非常大。
[例] The normal price of a ticket if $230! 一张票的正常价格是230英镑。
[同义] ordinary, regular
[反义] abnormal
counteract / 7kauntE5rAkt / vt. 抵消, 中和
[例] This drug should counteract the poison. 这药可消解毒性。
四、强化练习
1、\"One thing I\'m ＿＿ of is that, at the end of the day, after the jury\'s heard all of the evidence, they will find and see that George Ryan is not guilty of all charges in this indictment,\" said Webb, who should not be underestimated on that score despite the multitude of accusations facing his client.
A. cautious B. confident C. cancerous D. mysterious
2、NASA\'s Hubble Space Telescope has snapped a panoramic portrait of a ＿＿, sculpted landscape of gas and dust where thousands of stars are being born.
A. vast B. dormant C. initial D. numb
3、Most HIV infections still occur in men, however, the frequency of ＿＿ in women is increasing, especially in developing countries.
A. designation B. participation C. retort D. infection
4、To ＿＿ as a hunter-gatherer you have to know which you can eat and which to avoid.
A. modify B. preach C. survive D. shrink
5、Please note: this tool will ＿＿ the gross amount of your retirement benefit.
A. terrify B. update C. persevere D. estimate
6、In this section you will find arguments of many different kinds for the ＿＿ of God.
A. orient B. ornament C. existence D. hazard
7、Find about how to＿＿ important stakeholders -- staff, parents, community members, and other professionals -- in your staff development efforts.
A. heal B. involve C. meditate D. stress
8、We look at how RSS has ＿＿ from its humble beginnings through present day and beyond.
A. evolved B. wrinkled C. occurred D. identify
9、We will ＿＿ an IDT to transfer funds for the mouse expenses when we begin the injection series. This portion of the fee is about half.
A. glance B. defy C. initiate D. deform
10、Tribal leaders hope to ＿＿ Bush budget cuts.
A. delegate B. calculate C. counteract D. boost
答案：BADCD CBACC
考研英语核心词汇速成胜经Unit 30
一、真题文章 ( 1994年text 5 )
Discoveries in science and technology are thought by \"untaught minds\" to come in blinding flashes or as the result of dramatic accidents. Sir Alexander Fleming did not, as legend would have it, look at the mold ( 霉 ) on a piece of cheese and get the idea for penicillin there and then. He experimented with antibacterial substances for nine years before he made his discovery. Inventions and innovations almost always come out of laborious trial and error. Innovation is like soccer; even the best players miss the goal and have their shots blocked much more frequently than they score.
The point is that the players who score most are the ones who take most shots at the goal ---and so it goes with innovation in any field of activity. The prime difference between innovators and others is one of approach. Everybody gets ideas, but innovators work consciously on theirs, and they follow them through until they prove practicable or otherwise. What ordinary people see as fanciful abstractions , professional innovators see as solid possibilities.
\"Creative thinking may mean simply the realization that there\' s no particular virtue in doing things the way they have always been done, \" wrote Rudolph Flesch , a language authority, this accounts for our reaction to seemingly simple innovations like plastic garbage bags and suitcases on wheels that make life more convenient : \"How come nobody thought of that before?\"
The creative approach begins with the proposition that nothing is as it appears. Innovators will not accept that there is only one way to do anything. Faced with getting from A to B, the average person will automatically set out on the best-known and apparently simplest route. The innovator will search for alternate courses, which may prove easier in the long run and are bound to be more interesting and challenging even if they lead to dead ends.
Highly creative individuals really do march to a different drummer.
[例] Science and technology is the symbol of the modern society .
科技是现代社会的标志。
[派生] technological / 7teknE5lCdVikEl / adj. 科技的
technologist / tek5nClEdVist / n. 技术专家, 工艺学家, 工艺人员
dramatic / drE5mAtik / adj. 戏剧性的, 动人的
[例] The mountains , blue –green glaciers, and other dramatic sights are attracting more and more tourists each year . 连绵的山峦，翠绿的冰川，以及其他许多惊心动魄的景色年年吸引着越来越多的游客。
[同义] significant ,noticeable
[派生] drama / 5drB:mE / n. (在舞台上演的)戏剧, 戏剧艺术
dramatics / drE5mAtiks / n. 业余演出(或创作的)戏剧,戏剧效果
legend / 5ledVEnd / n. 传说, 传奇，伟人传；图例
[例] He is a legend in his own lifetime for his scientific discoveries .
他在他那时代是科学发明界的传奇人物。
[派生] legendary / 5ledVEndEri / n. 传奇故事书, 传奇文学 adj. 传说中的
mold / mEuld / n.1模子, 铸型2霉3性格, 气质 vt. 浇铸, 塑造
[例] He is cast in his father\'s mold. 他长得和他父亲一模一样。
[例] His life seems very dull and alternates between work and sleep.
他的生活似乎很枯燥,就是工作完了睡觉,睡完觉又工作。
[同义] periodic ,rotate , change
[反义] consecutive, successive, sequent
[派生] alternation / 7C:ltE:5neiFEn / n.交替, 轮流, 间隔
alternative / C:l5tE:nEtiv / n. 二中择一, 可供选择的办法, 事物 adj.选择性的, 二中择一的
bound / baund / n. 跃进, 跳, 范围, 限度 adj. 正要启程的, 开往…去的, 被束缚的, 装订的 v. 跳跃, 限制
[例]1跳： His heart bounded with excitement. 他兴奋得心头砰砰直跳。
2限度Our joy knew no bounds. 我们快乐无比。
[同义] jump, leap
[固定搭配]be bound to 必定, 一定；be bound up in 热心于, 专心致志于；
be bound up with 与……有密切联系; 与……利益一致；
四、强化练习
1. His character has been ________ more by his experiences in life than by the education he got at school .
A. beheld B. harnessed C. molded D. condensed
2. ________ in factories sometimes cause industrial troubles .
A. Processes B. Motivation C. Exclusion D. Innovations
3. I was attracted by a very _________ woman with flashing eyes and a long black dress.
A. drastic B. consistent C. dramatic D. implicit
4. His book presents a new _______ to the difficulty .
A. approach B. consumption C. contamination D. array
5. He wore a look of ________ and I knew his thought were far away .
A. excitement B. abstraction C. concentration D. strain
6. If a footballer handles the ball to stop another player getting it , it is often called a ________ offence .
A. productive B. primitive C. professional D. potential
7. Look! There are so many dark clouds . It’s ________ to rain .
A. imperative B. rival C. bound D. desolate
8. The ________ at the town hall are slow to deal with the complaints .
A. blacksmith B. authority C. jargon D. mount
9. The man wanted to buy our house and made us an attractive _______ .
A. auction B. judge C. justice D. proposition
10. She was so nervous that she ________ in watching the clock and staring at the telephone .
A. alternated B. amended C. amazed D. succeeded
答案：CDCAB CCBDA
考研英语核心词汇速成胜经Unit 31
一、 真题文章(1995年text 1)
Money spent on advertising is money spent as well as any I know of . It serves directly to assist a rapid distribution of goods at reasonable prices, thereby establishing a firm home market and so making it possible to provide for export at competitive prices. By drawing attention to new ideas it helps enormously to raise standards of living. By helping to increase demand it ensures an increased need for labor, and is therefore an effective way to fight unemployment . It lowers the costs of many services: without advertisements your daily newspaper would cost four times as much, the price of your television license would need to be doubled, and travel by bus or tube would cost 20 per cent more.
And perhaps most important of all, advertising provides a guarantee of reasonable value in the products and services you buy. Apart from the fact that twenty-seven acts of Parliament govern the terms of advertising, no regular advertiser dare promote a product that fails to live up to the promise of his advertisements. He might fool some people for a little while through misleading advertising. He will not do so for long, for mercifully the public has the good sense not to buy the inferior article more than once. If you see an article consistently advertised, it is the surest proof I know that the article does what is claimed for it , and that it represents good value.
Advertising does more for the material benefit of the community than any other force I can think of.
There is one more point I feel I ought to touch on. Recently I heard a well-known television personality declare that he was against advertising because it persuades rather than informs. He was drawing excessively fine distinctions. Of course advertising seeks to persuade.
If its message were confined merely to information---and that in itself would be difficult if not impossible to achieve, for even a detail such as the choice of the color of a shirt is subtly persuasive---advertising would be so boring that no one would pay any attention. But perhaps that is what the well-known television personality wants.
personality / 7pE:sE5nAliti / n. 1个性, 人格；人物, 名人2(用复数)诽谤、人身攻击
[例] Though their personalities differed, they got along as friends.
虽然他们性格迥异，但却相处友好
[同义] identity , individuality
四、 强化练习
1. Employers and educators can get practical information about ______ accommodations and how the ADA and other laws apply to people with psychiatric（精神病学的）disabilities in employment or education.
A. blunt B. rigid C. raw D. reasonable
2. Export Finance and Insurance Corporation aims to increase Australian _______ by providing to our clients internationally competitive insurance and finance services.
A. tourism B. exports C. agriculture D. reputation
3. There are very ______ ways to \"structure\" a query and use special operators to target the results you seek. Absent these techniques, you will spend endless hours looking at useless documents that do not contain the information you want.
A. valid B. wrong C. slow D. effective
4. Seeking to build support among black families for its education reform law, the Bush administration paid a prominent black pundit (博学者) $240,000 to ______ the law on his nationally syndicated television show and to urge other black journalists to do the same.
A. ripen B. magnify C. promote D. feed
5. The Feb. 13, 1945 bombing of Dresden by the British Royal Air Force has become a symbol for excessive violence on the part of the Allies during World War II. But with the 60th anniversary of the bombing on Sunday, a new book by British historian Frederick Taylor argues that this view may not be quite accurate. He said “Dresden(德累斯顿,德国Saxony邦首府) Bombing Is To Be Regretted ________\".
A. Enormously B. Favorably C. Feasibly D. Finitely
6. The _________ mirage(海市蜃楼)forms when light rays passing through a relatively warm layer of air are bent upward from their path.
A. feeble B. different C. inferior D. similar
7. \"Deciding whether and how to ______ a genetically engineered organism cannot be an afterthought,\" said committee chair T. Kent Kirk, professor emeritus, department of bacteriology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, and a former microbiologist with the U.S. Department of Agriculture.
A. confine B. fire C. discreet D. dictate
8. Theorem([数]定理 ) 3 is remarkable in that considerably fewer conditions than in the previous theorems ______ universality .
A. diffuse B. differentiate C. assess D. ensure
9. The ______ between phenotype(显型)and genotype is fundamental to the understanding of heredity and development of organisms.
A. distinction B. assault C. asset D. contest
10. A ________ disorder is basically a set of traits that combine to negatively affect your life. They have a wide range of causes and some are easier to treat than others.
A. personality B. purity C. attachment D. calculation
There are two basic ways to see growth: one as a product, the other as a process. People have generally viewed personal growth as an external result or product that can easily be identified and measured. The worker who gets a promotion, the student whose grades improve, the foreigner who learns a new language---all these are examples of people who have measurable results to show for their efforts.
By contrast, the process of personal growth is much more difficult to determine, since by definition it is a journey and not the specific signposts or landmarks along the way. The process is not the road itself, but rather the attitudes and feelings people have, their caution or courage, as they encounter new experiences and unexpected obstacles. In this process , the journey never really ends; there are always new ways to experience the world, new ideas to try, new challenges to accept .
In order to grow, to travel new roads, people need to have a willingness to take risks, to confront the unknown, and to accept the possibility that they may \"fail\" at first. How we see ourselves as we try a new way of being is essential to our ability to grow. Do we perceive ourselves as quick and curious? If so, then we tend to take more chances and to be more open to unfamiliar experiences. Do we think we\'re shy and indecisive? Then our sense of timidity can cause us to hesitate, to move slowly, and not to take a step until we know the ground is safe. Do we think we\'re slow to adapt to change or that we\' re not smart enough to cope with a new challenge? Then we are likely to take a more passive role or not try at all.
These feelings of insecurity and self-doubt are both unavoidable and necessary if we are to change and grow. If we do not confront and overcome these internal fears and doubts, if we protect ourselves too much, then we cease to grow. We become trapped inside a shell of our own making .
[例] We worked without cease to get the project finished on time.
我们不停地生产以便按时完成计划
[同义] discontinue， end， halt， quit ，stop
[反义] begin / bI5^In/ v. 开始, 首先
[固定搭配] cease out 绝迹； cease to be 不再是；cease to be in force 失效；
cease to be in effect 失效；
四、 强化练习
1. We ______ the length of a race in meters, but the length of the long jump event in feet and inches.
A. abandon B. discard C. attain D. measure
2. There are 18.2 million Americans with diabetes(糖尿病) -- and nearly one-third of them (or 5.2 million people) do not know it! Take this test to see if you are at ______ for having or developing diabetes.
A. risk B. gate C. edge D. safety
3. Defining disability is difficult because there are dozens of ______ – each with a purpose to it.
A. definitions B. consumption C. associations D. attendance
4. If you ever need anything please don\'t _______ to ask someone else first.
A. think B. assure C. hesitate D. agree
5. \"It\'s more difficult for unwed(未婚的) mothers to get married, and if they do, they ____ to not marry well,\" said Zhenchao Qian, associate professor of sociology at Ohio State University.
A. likely B. tend C. suffer D. condemn
6. A group of Turkish female activists ______ Undersecretary of State Karen Hughes yesterday with heated complaints about the U.S.-led invasion of Iraq, turning a session designed to highlight the empowerment of women into a raw display of anger at U.S. policy in the region.
A. conformed B. conceded C. concluded D. confronted
7. Upon joining the firm, all new analysts participate in an intense training program to learn the ______ concepts and methodologies used by practicing management consultants.
A. vertical B. vice C. essential D. visual
8. When I passed by the house last night, I ____ a man entering the house because I saw the curtain was moving in dark.
A. proceeded B. perceived C. vibrated D. renovated
9. Discipline is a requirement to conform _____ standards of conduct. It arises from the need to bring about a balance between what an individual wants to do, what he wants of others, and the limitations and restrictions demanded by society or by the hazards in the physical environment.
A. external B. internal C. inside D. grim
10. I spent the rest of the afternoon at the park watching a very brave little girl _____ a fear, and congratulating myself for being a self-sufficient single parent.
A. grope B. overcome C. flap D. bump
答案：DAACB DCBAB
考研英语核心词汇速成胜经Unit 33
一、 真题文章（1995年text 3）
In such a changing , complex society formerly simple solutions to informational needs become complicated. Many of life\' s problems which were solved by asking family members, friends or colleagues are beyond the capability of the extended family to resolve. Where to turn for expert information and how to determine which expert advice to accept are questions facing many people today.
In addition to this, there is the growing mobility of people since World WarⅡ. As families move away from their stable community, their friends of many years, their extended family relationships, the informal flow of information is cut off, and with it the confidence that information will be available when needed and will be trustworthy and reliable. The almost unconscious flow of information about the simplest aspects of living can be cut off. Thus, things once learned subconsciously through the casual communications of the extended family must be consciously learned .
Coupled with the growing quantity of information is the development of technologies which enable the storage and delivery of more information with greater speed to more locations than has ever been possible before. Computer technology makes it possible to store vast amounts of data in machine-readable files, and to program computers to locate specific information. Telecommunications developments enable the sending of messages via television, radio, and very shortly, electronic mail to bombard people with multitudes of messages. Satellites have extended the power of communications to report events at the instant of occurrence. Expertise can be shared world wide through teleconferencing, and problems in dispute can be settled without the participants leaving their homes and/or jobs to travel to a distant conference site. Technology has facilitated the sharing of information and the storage and delivery of information, thus making more information available to more people.
In this world of change and complexity, the need for information is of greatest importance. Those people who have accurate, reliable up-to-date information to solve the day-to-day problems, the critical problems of their business, social and family life, will survive and succeed. \"Knowledge is power\" may well be the truest saying and access to information may be the most critical requirement of all people.
[例] We admired the expertise of the racing driver .
我们很欣赏那赛车手的高超技术。
[同义] knowledge
teleconferencing / teli5kCnfErEnsiN / n. 电信会议
[例] Expertise can be shared world wide through teleconferencing, and problems in dispute can be settled without the participants leaving their homes and/or jobs to travel to a distant conference site.
通过远程会议，专家知识可以在全世界范围内被分享，而争论的问题能够得到解决，同时相关人员也不必离开他们的家庭或工作跑到一个遥远的开会地点。
dispute / dis5pju:t / v. 1争论, 辩论, 怀疑2抗拒, 阻止 n. 争论, 辩论, 争吵
[例] Our team disputed the visitors\' claim to the championship.
1. The world is full of _____ networks that scientists would like to better understand---human social systems, for example, or food webs in nature. But discerning patterns of organization in such vast, complex systems is no easy task.
A. signal B. distinct C. dizzy D. complicated
2. As Internet users quickly discover, an enormous amount of health information is available online. Finding _____ and reliable information on genetic and rare diseases among the millions of online sources is a difficult task for almost everyone.
A. accurate B. easy C. invalid D. abundant
3. RESOLVE of Ohio, Inc. is a chapter of a national nonprofit organization that provides education, advocacy, and support for those who experience infertility or need information about any ______ of family building or infertility resolution .
A. fashion B. vogue C. aspect D. fatigue
4. Any institution that evaluates a faculty member on volume of publication without considering the quality of the work does not deserve to be considered a university. Thus, I vigorously reject the notion that in an expanding age of knowledge, reduction of the ______ of scholarship published is a viable solution.
A. quantity B. quality C. patent D. fare
5. Pickering is grateful for the federal largesse, even as many of his Republican ______ raise alarms about the government’s exploding deficit spending.
A. classmates B. students C. fancy D. colleagues
6. I shall limit my remarks about a ______ to the scholarly journals portion of the problem. While scholarly journals are not all of the problem, they are the most acute part of it.
A. deprive B. deny C. solution D. descend
7. How many times have you bought something that consciously you knew you couldn’t afford, but _______ you imagined the pleasure and positive emotions you would receive as a result of buying it?
A. consequently B. artificially C. subsequently D. subconsciously
8. Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas said he would_______ Ariel Sharon with demands at a forthcoming Middle East summit and reiterated calls on Palestinian movements to stop carrying weapons in public and internal fighting in the Gaza Strip.
A. collide B. bombard C. crash D. deprive
9. With over 100 articles and original pieces, the encyclopedia provides a comprehensive survey of _______ education and lifelong learning.
A. informal B. conditional C. transient D. confidential
10. The meeting’s emphasis is on the nature of the specific contractual bonds between _________.
A. conducts B. actions C. participants D. juries
答案：DACAD CDBAC
考研英语核心词汇速成胜经Unit 34
一、 真题文章（1995年text 4）
Personality is to a large extent inherent——A-type-parents usually bring about A-type offspring. But the environment must also have a profound effect, since if competition is important to the parents, it is likely to become a major factor in the lives of their children.
One place where children soak up A-characteristics is school , which is, by its very nature, a highly competitive institution. Too many schools adopt the \'win at all costs\' moral standard and measure their success by sporting achievements. The current passion for making children compete against their classmates or against the clock produces a two-layer system , in which competitive A-types seem in some way better than their B-type fellows. Being too keen to win can have dangerous consequences: remember that Pheidippides , the first marathon runner , dropped dead seconds after saying: \' Rejoice, we conquer! \'
By far the worst form of competition in schools is the disproportionate emphasis on examinations. It is a rare school that allows pupils to concentrate on those things they do well. The merits of competition by examination are somewhat questionable , but competition in the certain knowledge of failure is positively harmful.
Obviously, it is neither practical nor desirable that all A-youngsters change into B\' s. The world needs A types, and schools have an important duty to try to fit a child\' s personality to his possible future employment . It is top management .
If the preoccupation of schools with academic work was lessened, more time might be spent teaching children surer values. Perhaps selection for the caring professions , especially medicine, could be made less by good grades in chemistry and more by such considerations as sensitivity and sympathy. It is surely a mistake to choose our doctors exclusively from A-type stock. B\'s are important and should be encouraged.
1. Stewart initially said she doubted her trip would be approved in time but Canadian immigration officials, ­­­______ to avoid a public relations faux pas(失礼), contacted her office to say she would quickly get the permit if she applied for one.
A. dull B. obsolete C. nearly D. keen
2. By taking a major-related part-job, students can not only improve their ______ studies, but gain much experience, experience they will never be able to get from the textbooks.
A. academic B. classic C. empty D. desolate
3. My suggestions to deal with the problem are as follows. To begin with, it is urgent to create nature reserves. Secondly, certain _____ wild animals that are going to be extinct should be collected, fed and reproduced artificially. Finally, those who hunter them must be punished severely.
A. common B. ordinary C. rare D. seen
4. What\'s more, living in school can save them a great deal of time on the way between home and school everyday, so they would be able to ______ more time and energy on their academic work.
A. contract B. connect C. delete D. concentrate
5. Parents should be encouraged to send their children to nursery schools, which will bring about ____ impacts on children and families, and even the society as a whole.
A. deteriorated B. profound C. rot D. contextual
6. Some argue that the evaporation of the bubble of IT economy is the signal of the end of the game. I think they may be right to some _____.
A. extent B. domain C. region D. category
7. \"I am sure that vast majority of ordinary Muslims feel a sense of immense outrage and _______ and shame at the attacks,\" said Muslim Ibrahim Kamahl.
A. contribution B. devoted C. praise D. sympathy
8. The combination of Information Home for Farmers with rural specialized associations helps improve the ______ for market of these associations and increased the compatibility of agricultural products.
A. doom B. sensitivity C. capability D. sensation
9. From these results, the scientists developed a mathematical model to describe the _______ stability of wet sand.
A. greedy B. graceful C. eloquent D. inherent
10. As a _______ of globalization, road transport links do not stop at frontiers of continents, said Martin Marmy , IRU\'s secretary-general, at the conference.
A. eminent B. contemporary C. consequence D. content
答案：DACDB ADBDC
考研英语核心词汇速成胜经Unit 35
一、 真题文章（1995年text 5）
That experiences influence subsequent behavior is evidence of an obvious but nevertheless remarkable activity called remembering. Learning could not occur without the function popularly named memory. Constant practice has such as effect on memory as to lead to skillful performance on the piano, to recitation of a poem, and even to reading and understanding these words. So-called intelligent behavior demands memory , remembering being a primary requirement for reasoning. The ability to solve any problem or even to recognize that a problem exists depends on memory. Typically, the decision to cross a street is based on remembering many earlier experiences .
Practice (or review) tends to build and maintain memory for a task or for any learned material. Over a period of no practice what has been learned tends to be forgotten; and the adaptive consequences may not seem obvious. Yet, dramatic instances of sudden forgetting can seem to be adaptive. In this sense, the ability to forget can be interpreted to have survived through a process of natural selection in animals. Indeed, when one\'s memory of an emotionally painful experience lead to serious anxiety, forgetting may produce relief. Nevertheless, an evolutionary interpretation might make it difficult to understand how the commonly gradual process of forgetting survived natural selection.
In thinking about the evolution of memory together with all its possible aspects, it is helpful to consider what would happen if memories failed to fade. Forgetting clearly aids orientation in time, since old memories weaken and the new tend to stand out, providing clues for inferring duration. Without forgetting, adaptive ability would suffer, for example ,learned behavior that might have been correct a decade ago may no longer be. Cases are recorded of people who (by ordinary standards) forgot so little that their everyday activities were full of confusion. This forgetting seems to serve that survival of the individual and the species.
Another line of thought assumes a memory storage system of limited capacity that provides adaptive flexibility specifically through forgetting. In this view, continual adjustments are made between learning or memory storage ( input) and forgetting (output) . Indeed, there is evidence that the rate at which individuals forget is directly related to how much they have learned. Such data offers gross support of contemporary models of memory that assume an input-output balance.
[例] Recitation works for several reasons: First, when you know you are going to recite something in your own words, you pay more attention. Second, you get immediate feedback.
[例] The flexibility of a man\'s muscles will lessen as he becomes old.
人老了肌肉的柔韧性将降低。
[派生] flexible / 5fleksEbl / adj. 柔韧性, 易曲的, 灵活的
adjustment / E5dVQstmEnt / n. 1调整, 调节2调节器
[例] The government decided to make minor adjustments in oil prices .
政府决定对石油价格略做调整。
[派生] adjust / E5dVQst / vt. 调整, 调节, 校准, 使适合
gross / ^rEus / adj. 总的, 毛重的 n. 总额 vt 总共赚得
[例] The company grossed over $5000000 last year.
该公司去年总共获利在500万美元以上。
[同义] total ， vulgar，whole
[反义] net / net / n. 1网, 网络, 网状物2净利, 实价 adj. 净余的, 纯的vt. 用网捕, 净赚, 得到 vi. 编网
contemporary / kEn5tempErEri / n. 同时代的人 adj. 当代的, 同时代的
[例] Shelley and Keats were contemporaries.
雪莱和济慈是同一时代的人
四、 强化练习
1．By the middle of the twentieth century, painters and sculptors in the United States had begun to exert a great worldwide ________ over art.
A. influence B. consultant C. access D. expect
2．In 1976, something truly ________ happened to the Olympic Flame – it was transformed into an electric pulse, the pulse was then transmitted to an orbiting satellite, and finally, it was converted into a laser beam to relight the Flame!
A. civil B. remarkable C. national D. false
3．A dead chicken that has waited four days in Macedonia for its trip to a British laboratory equipped to check it for ________ of bird flu is finally getting a flight out, courtesy of the Royal Air Force.
A. show B. exhibition C. diversion D. evidence
4．China flew a 49-member rescue team and tons of materials to Pakistan yesterday as a first batch of _______ to its quake-hit neighbor.
A. sink B. relief C. cherish D. devote
5．Too many policymakers and intelligence officers mistake secrecy for intelligence and ______ that information covertly(偷偷摸摸地) acquired is superior to that obtained openly.
A. assume B. deviate C. flee D. fluctuate
6．______ reigned for hours after the disaster, reflecting sometimes inefficient government in this West African nation of 130 million people and its freewheeling air transport system in which a dozen local airlines fly from chaotic airports where crowds fight over seats in planes.
A. Fling B. Confusion C. Designation D. Capital
7．We wonder that age should be feeble and querulous, -- that the freshness of youth should______ away.
A. increase B. deal C. give D. fade
8．Gains in Asia were led by demand for juice drinks such as Orange Pulp by Minute Maid in China, a country that had 9.1 percent _____ domestic product growth last year and which now represents 4 percent of Coke’s global volume.
A. heavy B. gross C. little D. light
9．It also said it would invest another US$500 million to ______ its 9 percent stake in CCB when it is listed.
A. maintain B. balance C. weigh D. measure
10. Scientists say they have found more bones in an Indonesian cave that offer additional evidence of a second human ______ short and hobbit-like that roamed the Earth the same time as modern man.
Tight-lipped elders used to say, \"It\'s not what you want in this world, but what you get. \"
Psychology teaches that you do get what you want if you know what you want and want the right things.
You can make a mental blueprint of a desire as you would make a blueprint of a house, and each of us is continually making these blueprints in the general routine of everyday living. If we intend to have friends to dinner, we plan the menu, make a shopping list, decide which food to cook first, and such planning is an essential for any type of meal to be served.
Likewise, if you want to find a job, take a sheet of paper, and write a brief account of yourself. In making a blueprint for a job, begin with yourself, for when you know exactly what you have to offer, you can intelligently plan where to sell your services.
This account of yourself is actually a sketch of your working life and should include education, experience and references. Such an account is valuable. It can be referred to in filling out standard application blanks and is extremely helpful in personal interviews. While talking to you, your could-be employer is deciding whether your education, your experience, and other qualifications , will pay him to employ you and your \"wares\" and abilities must be displayed in an orderly and reasonably connected manner.
When you have carefully prepared a blueprint of your abilities and desires, you have something tangible to sell. Then you are ready to hunt for a job. Get all the possible information about your could-be job. Make inquiries as to the details regarding the job and the firm. Keep your eyes and ears open, and use your own judgement . Spend a certain amount of time each day seeking the employment you wish for, and keep in mind: Securing a job is your job now.
1. Most important of all, apart from their hometown and parents, students couldn\'t catch sight of any familiar face and have to suffer from homelessness, which can cause certain serious _________ disease.
A. wrong B. mental C. bold D. harmonious
2. Yu and Ring fans recommend audiences who ______ to go to the opera but are not familiar with it to buy the book of the four stories and the lyrics.
A. hamper B. harass C. intend D. clarify
3. Our discussion has been confined to the literal subject matter of Gresham\'s Law, i.e., its _________ to the money sphere(范围).
A. circulation B. implement C. imperative D. applications
4. \"This will further improve the country\'s international status and national strength, and will help to mobilize its people to rally around the Communist Party and work harder for the future of the country,\" Wu said in a ______ speech to technicians.
A. brief B. negative C. infinite D. full
5. Recently, SEC chairman Cox was cited by some media as saying that CCB doesn\'t choose to go public in the United States because it fails to meet the listing ____ and regulatory requirements of the United States.
A. need B. qualifications C. satisfaction D. imagine
6. People seem to fail to take into ______ the fact that education does not end with graduation.
A. count B. account C. regard D. scene
7. \"This core _____, which has been under development since 2002, simplifies our restaurant operations and provides a balance of choices for our customers,\" Riker said.
A. cuff B. cliff C. menu D. immunity
8. With _____ to your letter of April 9, we are pleased to accept your offer of 100 tons of Copper Wire as per your Offer Sheet No.8/070/02B.
A. consider B. according C. literate D. reference
9. Nothing wrong with that; indeed, sociologists will tell you that hits are hardwired into human ______, the combinatorial effect of conformity and word of mouth.
A. orbit B. circle C. understanding D. psychology
10. Part of the daily _____ of most executives is to spend a period of time with his or her assistant, going over projects, dictating letters, discussing appointments to be made etc.
A. routine B. event C. accident D. incident
答案：BCDAB BCDDA
考研英语核心词汇速成胜经Unit 37
一、 真题文章（1996年Text 2）
With the start of BBC World Service Television, millions of viewers in Asia and America can now watch the Corporation\'s news coverage, as well as listen to it.
And of course in Britain listeners and viewers can tune in to two BBC television channels, five BBC national radio services and dozens of local radio station. They are brought sport , comedy, drama, music, news and current affairs , education , religion , parliamentary coverage, children \' s programs and films for an annual license fee of £83 pounds per household.
It is a remarkable record, stretching back over 70 years--yet the BBC\' s future is now in doubt. The Corporation will survive as a publicly-funded broadcasting organization, at least for the time being, but its role, its size and its programs are now the subject of a nation-wide debate in Britain.
The debate was launched by the Government , which invited anyone with an opinion of the BBC-including ordinary listeners and viewers--to say what was good or bad about the Corporation, and even whether they thought it was worth keeping. The reason for its inquiry is that the BBC\' s royal charter runs out in 1996 and it must decide whether to keep the organization as it is, or to make changes.
Defenders of the Corporation-of whom there are many---are fond of quoting the American slogan \"If it ain\'t broke, don\'t fix it. \" The BBC \"ain\' t broke\" , they say, by which they mean it is not broken (as distinct from the word \'broke\' , meaning having no money) , so why bother to change it?
Yet the BBC will have to change, because the broadcasting world around it is changing. The commercial TV channels---ITV and Channel 4---were required by the Thatcher Government\'s Broadcasting Act to become more commercial, competing with each other for advertisers, and cutting costs and jobs. But it is the arrival of new satellite channels---funded partly by advertising and partly by viewers\' subscriptions---which will bring about the biggest changes in the long term .
bother / 5bCTE / vt. 烦扰, 打扰 vi. 烦恼, 操心 n. 麻烦, 烦扰 v. 打扰
[例] Will it bother you if I turn the television on? 我开电视会不会吵着你?
[同义] annoy , concern, trouble, worry
[派生] bothersome / 5bRTEsEm / adj. 引起麻烦的, 令人烦恼的
[固定搭配] bother (oneself) about (=bother one\'s head about) 为...而操心; 为...而费事
commercial / kE5mE:FEl / adj. 商业的, 贸易的
[例] A commercial college teaches things that would be useful in business.
商学院教授那些在商业中可能会有用的东西。
[派生] commercialist / kE`m\\:FElIst/ n. 商业家， 商业主义者； 营利主义者
subscription / sQb5skripFEn / n. 1捐献, 订金2订阅, 签署；同意, [医]下标处方
[例] Your subscription expires next month . 你订阅的杂志下个月期满。
[派生] subscribe / sEb5skraib / v. 1捐款, 订阅2签署(文件), 赞成, 预订
四、 强化练习
1． We are not evil people and Islam has never been an evil ________ but this is how we are being portrayed by the Christian right.
A. region B. battle C. religion D. image
2． Overt and covert streams of intelligence are by no means completely parallel and __________ ; they often mingle and meander over one another’s territory.
A. distinct B. important C. nervous D. disastrous
3． China\'s successful ________ of two taikonuats in its second manned space mission Wednesday tells the world a lot about how serious, formidable and well-prepared the Chinese space program is.
A. deliver B. post C. give D. launch
4． There is a general _________ on the campus today over the phenomenon of college or high school students\' doing a part-time job.
A. view B. debate C. slogan D. coordination
5． Interestingly, sometimes the same piece of information varies considerably in its influences on audiences of different age. For example, in a TV _______ , a beautiful lady promotes a certain brand of perfume, which supposablely makes girls more attractive to boys.
A. commercial B. copyright C. conviction D. controversy
6． In the middle of the night the woman leans over and says, \"I\'m sorry to________ you, but I\'m awfully cold and I was wondering if you could possibly pass me another blanket.\"
A. tell B. spill C. bother D. hurt
7． Although people’s lives have been dramatically changed over the last decades, it must be admitted that, shortage of funds is still the one of the biggest questions that students nowadays have to face because that tuition_____ and prices of books are soaring by the day.
A. tips B. flip C. revenue D. fees
8． To ________ from Albert Einstein， science is the attempt to make the chaotic diversity of our sense experience correspond to a logically uniform system of thought.
A. quote B. tell C. differ D. talk
9． China and the EU reached an agreement limiting _______ export growth in 10 types of textiles to 8-12.5 per cent till the end of 2007.
A. each B. annual C. per D. all
10．For the past few weeks, America has been voting for their favorite icon(偶像) and their favorite ________ . That is “ Melts in your mouth, not in your hands .”
In the last half of the nineteenth century \"capital\" and \"labor\" were enlarging and perfecting their rival organizations on modern lines. Many an old firm was replaced by a limited liability company with a bureaucracy of salaried managers. The change met the technical requirements of the new age by engaging a large professional element and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders. It was moreover a step away from individual initiative, towards collectivism and municipal and state-owned business. The railway companies, though still private business managed for the benefit of shareholders, were very unlike old family business. At the same time the great municipalities went into business to supply lighting , trams and other services to the taxpayers .
The growth of the limited liability company and municipal business had important consequences. Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class , an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners; and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business. All through the nineteenth century, America, Africa, India, Australia and parts of Europe were being developed by British capital, and British shareholders were thus enriched by the world\' s movement towards industrialization. Towns like Bournemouth and Eastboune sprang up to house large \" comfortable\" classes who had retired on their incomes, and who had no relation to the rest of the community except that of drawing dividends and occasionally attending a shareholders\' meeting to dictate their orders to the management. On the other hand \"shareholding\" meant leisure and freedom which was used by many of the later Victorians for the highest purpose of a great civilization.
The \"shareholders\" as such had no knowledge of the lives, thoughts or needs of the workmen employed by the company in which he held shares, and his influence on the relations of capital and labor was not good. The paid manager acting for the company was in more direct relation with the men and their demands, but even he had seldom that familiar personal knowledge of the workmen which the employer had often had under the more patriarchal system of the old family business now passing away. Indeed the mere size of operations and the numbers of workmen involved rendered such personal relations impossible. Fortunately, however, the increasing power and organization of the trade unions, at least in all skilled trades, enabled the workmen to meet on equal terms the managers of the companies who employed them. The cruel discipline of the strike and lockout taught the two parties to respect each other\' s strength and understand the value of fair negotiation .
[例] Across the Scottish political spectrum, there is common recognition of an ingrained left of centre political culture, comprising egalitarianism, social justice and collectivism. 在苏格兰的政治体系中，有一种根深蒂固的、以左派为政治中心的共识，这包括了平等主义、社会公正和集体主义。
[派生] collectivity / 7kElek5tiviti / n. 全体, 集体, 总体
municipal / mju(:)5nisipEl / adj. 市政的, 地方性的, 地方自治的
[例] a municipal council 市议会
the municipal government 市政府
[同义] civic， metropolitan， urban
[派生] municipality / mju:7nisi5pAliti / n. 市政当局, 自治市
shareholder / 5FZEhEuldE / n. 股东
[例] All shareholders receive fair and equal treatment in the event .
在这次事件中所有的股东得到了公平、平等的待遇。
tram / trAm / n. 有轨电车,煤车, 吊车 v. 乘电车【机】正确调整, 正确位置
[例] The spindle is in tram. 纺机锭子调整正确。
taxpayer / 5tAks7peiE / n. 纳税人
[例] Should any taxpayer money be spent on renovating the Nassau Coliseum?
[例] It is generally accepted that the Chinese civilization is one of the oldest in the world. 普遍认为中国文化是世界上最古老的文化之一。
[同义] culture
[反义] barbarism / 5bB:bErizEm / n. 野蛮, 未开化, 原始, 不文明
[派生] civilize / 5sIvIlaIz / vt. 使开化, 使文明, 教化
patriarchal / 7peitri5B:kEl / adj. 家长的, 族长的
[例] a patriarchal social system 父权制社会制度
[派生] patriarch / 5peitrB:k / n. 家长, 族长, 创办人, 最年长者
render / 5rendE / vt. 1呈递, 归还2着色3汇报4致使5实施
vi. 给予补偿 n. 交纳, 粉刷, 打底
[例] He had to render an apology for his rudeness.
他不得不因他的粗鲁做出道歉。
[同义] allot , grant, make, present
discipline / 5disiplin / n. 1纪律2学科 v. 训练
[例] The soldiers showed perfect discipline under the fire of the enemy.
在敌人的炮火下，那些士兵显示了良好的纪律。
[同义] practice, prepare , punish, train
lockout / `lCkaJt / n. 停工(业主为抵制工人的要求而停工)
[例] It was Saturday Night Hockey in Canada, the first experience of its kind for the Islanders this season, the first trip to the hockey motherland since the lockout. 在加拿大星期六曲棍球之夜，是岛上居民在这个季节第一次观看这种比赛，这也是自停赛后球队第一次返回曲棍球的家乡。
negotiation / ni7^EuFi5eiFEn / n. 商议, 谈判, 流通
[例] Negotiation for the new school are finished. 新学校的筹备工作业已就绪。
1. Microsoft Corp. is not going to release a version of its Office suite software for open-source ________ Linux, although the company is actively studying how Linux works and how it can integrate with the platform, a Microsoft representative said Wednesday.
A. colleague B. discrepancy C. rival D. release
2. Eating fish at least once a week is good for the brain, slowing age-related mental ___________ by the equivalent of three to four years, a study suggests.
A. increase B. acceleration C. advance D. decline
3. China\'s monthly personal _________ tax cutoff point was lifted to 1,600 yuan from 1,500 yuan after drawing on public opinions from the first-ever legislature hearing held on Sept. 27.
A. income B. commercial C. manufacture D. manifestation
4. Besides religious impact, buildings__________ our intellectual and business behavior. Take Bank of China Tower as an example. It is located at No. 1 Garden Road, central Hong Kong.
A. disperse B. represent C. transfer D. transit
5. The________ will strengthen the direction and leadership of human intelligence throughout the Intelligence Community (IC).
A. stranger B. initiative C. menace D. mercy
6. China and the United States did not reach any agreement in their fifth round of textile consultation. The _________, which started Monday in Washington D.C., was scheduled to end Tuesday but was extended to a third day to give both sides more time to narrow their differences.
A. argument B. declaration C. negotiation D. hint
7. What a child does and abstains from doing by virtue of the _________ he receives is something he would not at first do of his own accord. The aim of it is not to curtail freedom but to give a child freedom within manageable limits.
A. discipline B. C. D.
8. Television programs and movies that depict violence among teenagers are extremely popular. Given how influential these media are, we have good reason to believe that these depictions cause young people to ________ in violent behavior.
A. B. C. D. engage
9. ________ people now routinely work through their 60s and beyond, and remain dazzlingly productive.
A. B. Energetic C. D.
10. Meanwhile, IT skills are a basic qualification in our city that a teacher, especially young teacher must master, and we have built up a body of teachers who meet the __________ of development and can complement each other at different levels.
A. B. C. requirement D.
答案：CDABB CADBC
考研英语核心词汇速成胜经Unit 39
一、 真题文章（1996年Text 4）
What accounts for the great outburst of major inventions in early America---breakthroughs such as the telegraph , the steamboat and the weaving machine?
Among the many shaping factors, I would single out the country \' s excellent elementary schools; a labor force that welcomed the new technology; the practice of giving premiums to inventors ; and above all the American genius for nonverbal , \"spatial\" thinking about things technological .
Why mention the elementary schools? Because thanks to these schools our early mechanics ,especially in the New England and Middle Atlantic states, were generally literate and at home in arithmetic and in some aspects of geometry and trigonometry.
Acute foreign observers related American adaptiveness and inventiveness to this educational advantage. As a member of a British commission visiting here in 1853 reported, \"With a mind prepared by thorough school discipline, the American boy develops rapidly into the skilled workman. \"
A further stimulus to invention came from the \"premium\" system, which preceded our patent system and for years ran parallel with it. \"This approach, originated abroad, offered inventors medals, cash prizes and other incentives.
In the United States, multitudes of premiums for new devices were awarded at country fairs and at the industrial fairs in major cities. Americans flocked to these fairs to admire the new machines and thus to renew their faith in the beneficence of technological advance.
Given this optimistic approach to technological innovation, the American worker took readily to that special kind of nonverbal thinking required in mechanical technology. As Eugene Ferguson has pointed out , \"A technologist thinks about objects that cannot be reduced to unambiguous verbal descriptions; they are dealt with in his mind by a visual, nonverbal process . . . The designer and the inventor . . . are able to assemble and manipulate in their minds devices that as yet do not exist. \"
This nonverbal \"spatial\" thinking can be just as creative as painting and writing. Robert Fulton once wrote, \"The mechanic should sit down among levers, screws, wedges, wheels, etc. , like a poet among the letters of the alphabet , considering them as an exhibition of his thoughts, in which a new arrangement transmits a new idea. \"
When all these shaping forces--schools, open attitudes, the premium system, a genius for spatial thinking--interacted with one another on the rich U. S. mainland, they produced that American characteristic , emulation . Today that word implies mere imitation. But in earlier times it meant a friendly but competitive striving for fame and excellence.
[例] As a horror, apartheid . . . is absolutely unambiguous. There are . . . no shades of interpretation or circumstances to weigh that might make coming to a moral judgment more difficult? ( Mario Vargas Llosa)
[例] The reformer\'s fame spread all over the country.
这位改革者名震全国。
[同义] name， popularity ，renown， reputation
[派生] famed / feImd / adj. 著名的, 闻名的
四、 强化练习
1. As one of the earliest countries to apply machinery, China boasts a lot of unique ________ like the compass vehicle, the seismograph, and the incense burner with their respective characteristics on using power and mechanical structural design.
A. discoveries B. inventions C. reforms D. renovations
2. The deadly H5N1 virus first surfaced in Asia but appears to be spreading quickly to the west on the wings of migrating birds. But it is difficult to ________ from bird to human - thousands of cases among poultry in Asia have resulted in only 120 human cases, of which 60 led to death.
A. transmit B. alter C. heap D. hit
3. From psychological aspect, the majority of children seem to tend to have an unfavorable_________ toward additional educational activities.
A. fond B. hint C. endeavor D. attitude
4. It is suggested that governments ought to make efforts to _______ the increasing gap between cities and countryside. They ought to set aside an appropriate fund for improvement of the standard of peasants\' lives.
A. reduce B. endow C. compensate D. compress
5. Overt(明显的)and covert(隐蔽的) streams of intelligence are by no means completely________ and distinct; they often mingle and meander over one another’s territory.
A. similar B. repressed C. parallel D. scornful
6. China has 150 million people living in _______ poverty despite its impressive economic growth in the past two decades.
A. vulgar B. acute C. dim D. secure
7. Unlike other conventional universities, Bangladesh Open University is purely technology based and its aim is to make scope of higher education for the less __________ mass people who are engaged in different occupation, etc.
A. scenic B. mean C. notable D. literate
8. We can discuss further details when you have a _________ knowledge of the marketing possibilities of our products.
A. thorough B. cute C. sore D. spectacular
9. Not reused injector is a _______ product invented by by the expert Mr baosheng tong in Tianjin Chukang Industry Company.
A. alien B. patent C. spacious D. intrinsic
10. We need clear, factual reports. They must be highly detailed and_________ .
A. gloomy B. irregular C. unambiguous D. irritated
Rumor has it that more than 20 books on creationism/evolution are in the publisher \' s pipelines. A few have already appeared. The goal of all will be to try to explain to a confused and often unenlightened citizenry that there are not two equally valid scientific theories for the origin and evolution of universe and life. Cosmology , geology , and biology have provided a consistent , unified, and constantly improving account of what happened. \"Scientific\" creationism, which is being pushed by some for \"equal time\" in the classrooms whenever the scientific accounts of evolution are given, is based on religion, not science. Virtually all scientists and the majority of nonfundamentalist religious leaders have come to regard \"scientific\" creationism as bad science and bad religion.
The first four chapters of Kitcher\'s book give a very brief introduction to evolution. At appropriate places, he introduces the criticisms of the creationists and provides answers. In the last three chapters, he takes off his gloves and gives the creationists a good beating. He describes their programs and tactics, and, for those unfamiliar with the ways of creationists, the extent of their deception and distortion may come as an unpleasant surprise. When their basic motivation is religious, one might have expected more Christian behavior.
Kitcher is a philosopher, and this may account, in part, for the clarity and effectiveness of his arguments. The non-specialist will be able to obtain at least a notion of the sorts of data and argument that support evolutionary theory. The final chapter on the creationists will be extremely clear to all. On the dust jacket of this fine book, Stephen Jay Gould says: \"This book stands for reason itself. \"And so it does---and all would be well were reason the only judge in the creationism/evolution debate .
[例] It corresponds to the Latin classis，a word borrowed from the Greek，meaning that part of the citizenry which has been called to the colours.
它的意思同拉丁文的classis（阶级、阶层等级）一样——一个借自希腊语的词——公民中的有色人种。
[派生] citizen / 5sitizn / n. 市民, 公民
valid / 5vAlid / adj. 1 [律]有效的, 有根据的2正当的, 正确的
[例] Illness is a valid excuse for being absent from work.
生病是不去上班的正当理由。
[同义] adequate ，authorized， cogent ，effective， established ，
1．Two-thirds of adults have not made a will, leaving their would-be beneficiaries in possible peril. Surviving husbands and wives can get far less than their spouse intended if no ________ will is left.
A. intricate B. valid C. blank D. various
2．Children with parents whose guidance is firm, ________ , and rational are inclined to possess high levels of self-confidence .
A. complicated B. illogical C. rough D. consistent
3. It traces the ________ and lives of the ancient Germanic gods, and their rise to power through deceit, betrayal and manipulation of earthly beings: heavy stuff for people not familiar with the culture.
A. promotion B. stream C. origin D. harbor
4. Reading comprehension requires ________, mental frameworks for holding ideas, concentration and good study techniques. Here are some suggestions.
A. motivation B. carelessness C. equivalence D. essence
5. Online advertising revenue is soaring, and consumers are getting used to the _______ of paying for services online.
A. fund B. notion C. income D. contribution
6. Sven-Goran Eriksson, the Swede, who faced severe __________ following England\'s defeat by Northern Ireland last month.
A. context B. contract C. contrast D. criticism
7. We\'re conducting aggressive counter-terrorism operations in the areas where the terrorists are concentrated. We are constantly adapting our ________ to the changing situations of the terrorists.
A. graphs B. tactics C. assimilation D. aspiration
8. The central authorities have started to use taxation as a tool to achieve the ______of building a \"harmonious society,\" said Han yesterday in an interview with China Daily.
A. goal B. assign C. accordance D. account
9. Mother Teresa, winner of the Nobel Peace Prize, dedicated the________ of her life to helping the poorest of the poor in India, thus gaining her the name \"Saint of the Gutters.\"
A. assessment B. minority C. majority D. identification
10. Although this view is widely held , this is little evidence that education can be ________ at any age and at any place.
There are two basic ways to see growth: one as a product, the other as a process. People have generally viewed personal growth as an external result or product that can easily be identified and measured. The worker who gets a promotion, the student whose grades improve, the foreigner who learns a new language---all these are examples of people who have measurable results to show for their efforts.
By contrast, the process of personal growth is much more difficult to determine, since by definition it is a journey and not the specific signposts or landmarks along the way. The process is not the road itself, but rather the attitudes and feelings people have, their caution or courage, as they encounter new experiences and unexpected obstacles. In this process , the journey never really ends; there are always new ways to experience the world, new ideas to try, new challenges to accept .
In order to grow, to travel new roads, people need to have a willingness to take risks, to confront the unknown, and to accept the possibility that they may \"fail\" at first. How we see ourselves as we try a new way of being is essential to our ability to grow. Do we perceive ourselves as quick and curious? If so, then we tend to take more chances and to be more open to unfamiliar experiences. Do we think we\'re shy and indecisive? Then our sense of timidity can cause us to hesitate, to move slowly, and not to take a step until we know the ground is safe. Do we think we\'re slow to adapt to change or that we\' re not smart enough to cope with a new challenge? Then we are likely to take a more passive role or not try at all.
These feelings of insecurity and self-doubt are both unavoidable and necessary if we are to change and grow. If we do not confront and overcome these internal fears and doubts, if we protect ourselves too much, then we cease to grow. We become trapped inside a shell of our own making .
[例] We worked without cease to get the project finished on time.
我们不停地生产以便按时完成计划
[同义] discontinue， end， halt， quit ，stop
[反义] begin / bI5^In/ v. 开始, 首先
[固定搭配] cease out 绝迹； cease to be 不再是；cease to be in force 失效；
cease to be in effect 失效；
四、 强化练习
1. We ______ the length of a race in meters, but the length of the long jump event in feet and inches.
A. abandon B. discard C. attain D. measure
2. There are 18.2 million Americans with diabetes(糖尿病) -- and nearly one-third of them (or 5.2 million people) do not know it! Take this test to see if you are at ______ for having or developing diabetes.
A. risk B. gate C. edge D. safety
3. Defining disability is difficult because there are dozens of ______ – each with a purpose to it.
A. definitions B. consumption C. associations D. attendance
4. If you ever need anything please don\'t _______ to ask someone else first.
A. think B. assure C. hesitate D. agree
5. \"It\'s more difficult for unwed(未婚的) mothers to get married, and if they do, they ____ to not marry well,\" said Zhenchao Qian, associate professor of sociology at Ohio State University.
A. likely B. tend C. suffer D. condemn
6. A group of Turkish female activists ______ Undersecretary of State Karen Hughes yesterday with heated complaints about the U.S.-led invasion of Iraq, turning a session designed to highlight the empowerment of women into a raw display of anger at U.S. policy in the region.
A. conformed B. conceded C. concluded D. confronted
7. Upon joining the firm, all new analysts participate in an intense training program to learn the ______ concepts and methodologies used by practicing management consultants.
A. vertical B. vice C. essential D. visual
8. When I passed by the house last night, I ____ a man entering the house because I saw the curtain was moving in dark.
A. proceeded B. perceived C. vibrated D. renovated
9. Discipline is a requirement to conform _____ standards of conduct. It arises from the need to bring about a balance between what an individual wants to do, what he wants of others, and the limitations and restrictions demanded by society or by the hazards in the physical environment.
A. external B. internal C. inside D. grim
10. I spent the rest of the afternoon at the park watching a very brave little girl _____ a fear, and congratulating myself for being a self-sufficient single parent.
A. grope B. overcome C. flap D. bump
答案：DAACB DCBAB
考研英语核心词汇速成胜经Unit 33
一、 真题文章（1995年text 3）
In such a changing , complex society formerly simple solutions to informational needs become complicated. Many of life\' s problems which were solved by asking family members, friends or colleagues are beyond the capability of the extended family to resolve. Where to turn for expert information and how to determine which expert advice to accept are questions facing many people today.
In addition to this, there is the growing mobility of people since World WarⅡ. As families move away from their stable community, their friends of many years, their extended family relationships, the informal flow of information is cut off, and with it the confidence that information will be available when needed and will be trustworthy and reliable. The almost unconscious flow of information about the simplest aspects of living can be cut off. Thus, things once learned subconsciously through the casual communications of the extended family must be consciously learned .
Coupled with the growing quantity of information is the development of technologies which enable the storage and delivery of more information with greater speed to more locations than has ever been possible before. Computer technology makes it possible to store vast amounts of data in machine-readable files, and to program computers to locate specific information. Telecommunications developments enable the sending of messages via television, radio, and very shortly, electronic mail to bombard people with multitudes of messages. Satellites have extended the power of communications to report events at the instant of occurrence. Expertise can be shared world wide through teleconferencing, and problems in dispute can be settled without the participants leaving their homes and/or jobs to travel to a distant conference site. Technology has facilitated the sharing of information and the storage and delivery of information, thus making more information available to more people.
In this world of change and complexity, the need for information is of greatest importance. Those people who have accurate, reliable up-to-date information to solve the day-to-day problems, the critical problems of their business, social and family life, will survive and succeed. \"Knowledge is power\" may well be the truest saying and access to information may be the most critical requirement of all people.
[例] We admired the expertise of the racing driver .
我们很欣赏那赛车手的高超技术。
[同义] knowledge
teleconferencing / teli5kCnfErEnsiN / n. 电信会议
[例] Expertise can be shared world wide through teleconferencing, and problems in dispute can be settled without the participants leaving their homes and/or jobs to travel to a distant conference site.
通过远程会议，专家知识可以在全世界范围内被分享，而争论的问题能够得到解决，同时相关人员也不必离开他们的家庭或工作跑到一个遥远的开会地点。
dispute / dis5pju:t / v. 1争论, 辩论, 怀疑2抗拒, 阻止 n. 争论, 辩论, 争吵
[例] Our team disputed the visitors\' claim to the championship.
1. The world is full of _____ networks that scientists would like to better understand---human social systems, for example, or food webs in nature. But discerning patterns of organization in such vast, complex systems is no easy task.
A. signal B. distinct C. dizzy D. complicated
2. As Internet users quickly discover, an enormous amount of health information is available online. Finding _____ and reliable information on genetic and rare diseases among the millions of online sources is a difficult task for almost everyone.
A. accurate B. easy C. invalid D. abundant
3. RESOLVE of Ohio, Inc. is a chapter of a national nonprofit organization that provides education, advocacy, and support for those who experience infertility or need information about any ______ of family building or infertility resolution .
A. fashion B. vogue C. aspect D. fatigue
4. Any institution that evaluates a faculty member on volume of publication without considering the quality of the work does not deserve to be considered a university. Thus, I vigorously reject the notion that in an expanding age of knowledge, reduction of the ______ of scholarship published is a viable solution.
A. quantity B. quality C. patent D. fare
5. Pickering is grateful for the federal largesse, even as many of his Republican ______ raise alarms about the government’s exploding deficit spending.
A. classmates B. students C. fancy D. colleagues
6. I shall limit my remarks about a ______ to the scholarly journals portion of the problem. While scholarly journals are not all of the problem, they are the most acute part of it.
A. deprive B. deny C. solution D. descend
7. How many times have you bought something that consciously you knew you couldn’t afford, but _______ you imagined the pleasure and positive emotions you would receive as a result of buying it?
A. consequently B. artificially C. subsequently D. subconsciously
8. Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas said he would_______ Ariel Sharon with demands at a forthcoming Middle East summit and reiterated calls on Palestinian movements to stop carrying weapons in public and internal fighting in the Gaza Strip.
A. collide B. bombard C. crash D. deprive
9. With over 100 articles and original pieces, the encyclopedia provides a comprehensive survey of _______ education and lifelong learning.
A. informal B. conditional C. transient D. confidential
10. The meeting’s emphasis is on the nature of the specific contractual bonds between _________.
A. conducts B. actions C. participants D. juries
答案：DACAD CDBAC
考研英语核心词汇速成胜经Unit 34
一、 真题文章（1995年text 4）
Personality is to a large extent inherent——A-type-parents usually bring about A-type offspring. But the environment must also have a profound effect, since if competition is important to the parents, it is likely to become a major factor in the lives of their children.
One place where children soak up A-characteristics is school , which is, by its very nature, a highly competitive institution. Too many schools adopt the \'win at all costs\' moral standard and measure their success by sporting achievements. The current passion for making children compete against their classmates or against the clock produces a two-layer system , in which competitive A-types seem in some way better than their B-type fellows. Being too keen to win can have dangerous consequences: remember that Pheidippides , the first marathon runner , dropped dead seconds after saying: \' Rejoice, we conquer! \'
By far the worst form of competition in schools is the disproportionate emphasis on examinations. It is a rare school that allows pupils to concentrate on those things they do well. The merits of competition by examination are somewhat questionable , but competition in the certain knowledge of failure is positively harmful.
Obviously, it is neither practical nor desirable that all A-youngsters change into B\' s. The world needs A types, and schools have an important duty to try to fit a child\' s personality to his possible future employment . It is top management .
If the preoccupation of schools with academic work was lessened, more time might be spent teaching children surer values. Perhaps selection for the caring professions , especially medicine, could be made less by good grades in chemistry and more by such considerations as sensitivity and sympathy. It is surely a mistake to choose our doctors exclusively from A-type stock. B\'s are important and should be encouraged.
1. Stewart initially said she doubted her trip would be approved in time but Canadian immigration officials, ­­­______ to avoid a public relations faux pas(失礼), contacted her office to say she would quickly get the permit if she applied for one.
A. dull B. obsolete C. nearly D. keen
2. By taking a major-related part-job, students can not only improve their ______ studies, but gain much experience, experience they will never be able to get from the textbooks.
A. academic B. classic C. empty D. desolate
3. My suggestions to deal with the problem are as follows. To begin with, it is urgent to create nature reserves. Secondly, certain _____ wild animals that are going to be extinct should be collected, fed and reproduced artificially. Finally, those who hunter them must be punished severely.
A. common B. ordinary C. rare D. seen作者: niuniu 时间: 06-6-22 00:09
4. What\'s more, living in school can save them a great deal of time on the way between home and school everyday, so they would be able to ______ more time and energy on their academic work.
A. contract B. connect C. delete D. concentrate
5. Parents should be encouraged to send their children to nursery schools, which will bring about ____ impacts on children and families, and even the society as a whole.
A. deteriorated B. profound C. rot D. contextual
6. Some argue that the evaporation of the bubble of IT economy is the signal of the end of the game. I think they may be right to some _____.
A. extent B. domain C. region D. category
7. \"I am sure that vast majority of ordinary Muslims feel a sense of immense outrage and _______ and shame at the attacks,\" said Muslim Ibrahim Kamahl.
A. contribution B. devoted C. praise D. sympathy
8. The combination of Information Home for Farmers with rural specialized associations helps improve the ______ for market of these associations and increased the compatibility of agricultural products.
A. doom B. sensitivity C. capability D. sensation
9. From these results, the scientists developed a mathematical model to describe the _______ stability of wet sand.
A. greedy B. graceful C. eloquent D. inherent
10. As a _______ of globalization, road transport links do not stop at frontiers of continents, said Martin Marmy , IRU\'s secretary-general, at the conference.
A. eminent B. contemporary C. consequence D. content
答案：DACDB ADBDC
考研英语核心词汇速成胜经Unit 35
一、 真题文章（1995年text 5）
That experiences influence subsequent behavior is evidence of an obvious but nevertheless remarkable activity called remembering. Learning could not occur without the function popularly named memory. Constant practice has such as effect on memory as to lead to skillful performance on the piano, to recitation of a poem, and even to reading and understanding these words. So-called intelligent behavior demands memory , remembering being a primary requirement for reasoning. The ability to solve any problem or even to recognize that a problem exists depends on memory. Typically, the decision to cross a street is based on remembering many earlier experiences .
Practice (or review) tends to build and maintain memory for a task or for any learned material. Over a period of no practice what has been learned tends to be forgotten; and the adaptive consequences may not seem obvious. Yet, dramatic instances of sudden forgetting can seem to be adaptive. In this sense, the ability to forget can be interpreted to have survived through a process of natural selection in animals. Indeed, when one\'s memory of an emotionally painful experience lead to serious anxiety, forgetting may produce relief. Nevertheless, an evolutionary interpretation might make it difficult to understand how the commonly gradual process of forgetting survived natural selection.
In thinking about the evolution of memory together with all its possible aspects, it is helpful to consider what would happen if memories failed to fade. Forgetting clearly aids orientation in time, since old memories weaken and the new tend to stand out, providing clues for inferring duration. Without forgetting, adaptive ability would suffer, for example ,learned behavior that might have been correct a decade ago may no longer be. Cases are recorded of people who (by ordinary standards) forgot so little that their everyday activities were full of confusion. This forgetting seems to serve that survival of the individual and the species.
Another line of thought assumes a memory storage system of limited capacity that provides adaptive flexibility specifically through forgetting. In this view, continual adjustments are made between learning or memory storage ( input) and forgetting (output) . Indeed, there is evidence that the rate at which individuals forget is directly related to how much they have learned. Such data offers gross support of contemporary models of memory that assume an input-output balance.
[例] Recitation works for several reasons: First, when you know you are going to recite something in your own words, you pay more attention. Second, you get immediate feedback.
[例] The flexibility of a man\'s muscles will lessen as he becomes old.
人老了肌肉的柔韧性将降低。
[派生] flexible / 5fleksEbl / adj. 柔韧性, 易曲的, 灵活的
adjustment / E5dVQstmEnt / n. 1调整, 调节2调节器
[例] The government decided to make minor adjustments in oil prices .
政府决定对石油价格略做调整。
[派生] adjust / E5dVQst / vt. 调整, 调节, 校准, 使适合
gross / ^rEus / adj. 总的, 毛重的 n. 总额 vt 总共赚得
[例] The company grossed over $5000000 last year.
该公司去年总共获利在500万美元以上。
[同义] total ， vulgar，whole
[反义] net / net / n. 1网, 网络, 网状物2净利, 实价 adj. 净余的, 纯的vt. 用网捕, 净赚, 得到 vi. 编网
contemporary / kEn5tempErEri / n. 同时代的人 adj. 当代的, 同时代的
[例] Shelley and Keats were contemporaries.
雪莱和济慈是同一时代的人
四、 强化练习
1．By the middle of the twentieth century, painters and sculptors in the United States had begun to exert a great worldwide ________ over art.
A. influence B. consultant C. access D. expect
2．In 1976, something truly ________ happened to the Olympic Flame – it was transformed into an electric pulse, the pulse was then transmitted to an orbiting satellite, and finally, it was converted into a laser beam to relight the Flame!
A. civil B. remarkable C. national D. false
3．A dead chicken that has waited four days in Macedonia for its trip to a British laboratory equipped to check it for ________ of bird flu is finally getting a flight out, courtesy of the Royal Air Force.
A. show B. exhibition C. diversion D. evidence
4．China flew a 49-member rescue team and tons of materials to Pakistan yesterday as a first batch of _______ to its quake-hit neighbor.
A. sink B. relief C. cherish D. devote
5．Too many policymakers and intelligence officers mistake secrecy for intelligence and ______ that information covertly(偷偷摸摸地) acquired is superior to that obtained openly.
A. assume B. deviate C. flee D. fluctuate
6．______ reigned for hours after the disaster, reflecting sometimes inefficient government in this West African nation of 130 million people and its freewheeling air transport system in which a dozen local airlines fly from chaotic airports where crowds fight over seats in planes.
A. Fling B. Confusion C. Designation D. Capital
7．We wonder that age should be feeble and querulous, -- that the freshness of youth should______ away.
A. increase B. deal C. give D. fade
8．Gains in Asia were led by demand for juice drinks such as Orange Pulp by Minute Maid in China, a country that had 9.1 percent _____ domestic product growth last year and which now represents 4 percent of Coke’s global volume.
A. heavy B. gross C. little D. light
9．It also said it would invest another US$500 million to ______ its 9 percent stake in CCB when it is listed.
A. maintain B. balance C. weigh D. measure
10. Scientists say they have found more bones in an Indonesian cave that offer additional evidence of a second human ______ short and hobbit-like that roamed the Earth the same time as modern man.