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目录 封面
内容简介
目录
第一部分 历年真题
2014年全国职称英语等级考试理工类B级真题及详解
2013年全国职称英语等级考试理工类B级真题及详解
2012年全国职称英语等级考试理工类B级真题及详解
2011年全国职称英语等级考试理工类B级真题及详解
2010年全国职称英语等级考试理工类B级真题及详解
第二部分 章节题库
第1章 词汇选项
◆动 词
◆名 词
◆形容词
◆副 词
◆固定词组
第2章 阅读判断
◆科普科研类
◆经济商业类
◆天文科技类
◆教育文化类
◆人物记述类
◆资源环境类
◆医疗健康类
第3章 概括大意和完成句子
◆科普科研类
◆天文科技类
◆历史地理类
◆人物记述类
◆资源环境类
◆医疗健康类
第4章 阅读理解
◆科普科研类
◆经济商业类
◆天文科技类
◆历史地理类
◆教育文化类
◆资源环境类
◆医疗健康类
第5章 补全短文
◆科普科研类
◆经济商业类
◆教育文化类
◆风土人情类
◆人物记述类
◆资源环境类
◆医疗健康类
第6章 完形填空
◆科普科技类
◆经济商业类
◆资源环境类
◆医疗健康类
第三部分 模拟试题
2015年全国职称英语等级考试理工类B级模拟试题及详解（一）
2015年全国职称英语等级考试理工类B级模拟试题及详解（二）
内容简介
??职称英语理工类B级考试题库包括历年真题、章节练习和模拟试题三部分。具体如下：
??第一部分为历年真题。精选5年（2010～2014年）考试真题，考生既可以体验真实考试，也可以测试自己的水平。每道真题均提供名师详细解析。最新历年真题，可免费升级获得。
??第二部分为章节练习。遵循《全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试大纲》和全国职称英语等级考试样题，按照最新的考试题型的章目编排，共分为词汇选项、阅读判断、概括大意和完成句子等6章。
??第三部分为模拟试题。由职称英语（理工类）辅导名师根据历年命题规律及热门考点进行考前预测，其试题数量、试题难度完全仿真。
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第一部分 历年真题
2014年全国职称英语等级考试理工类B级真题及详解
第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题l分，共l5分)
下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定一个意义最为接近的选项。
1. The majority ofpeople around here are decent.
A. real
B. honest
C. normal
D. wealthy
2. The curriculum wastoo narrow and too rigid.
A. hidden
B. traditional
C. inflexible
D. official
3. The committee wasasked to render a report on the housing situation.
A. furnish
B. copy
C. publish
D. summarize
4. Afterwards therewas just a feeling of let-down.
A. excitement
B. disappointment
C. anger
D. calm
5. Several windows hadbeen smashed.
A. cleaned
B. replaced
C. fixed
D. broken
6. The worst agoniesof the war were now beginning.
A. pains
B. parts
C. aspects
D. results
7. London quickly became a flourishingport.
A. major
B. large
C. successful
D. commercial
8. She felt that shehad done her good deed for the day.
A. homework
B. justice
C. model
D. act
9. He leda very moral life.
A. human
B. intelligent
C. natural
D. honorable
10. His stomach felt hollowwith fear.
A. sincere
B. respectful
C. empty
D. terrible
11. It was a magicnight until the spell was broken.
A. time
B. charm
C. space
D. opportunity
12. His professionalcareer spanned 16 years.
A. started
B. changed
C. moved
D. lasted
13. They are trying toidentify what is wrong with the present system.
A. discover
B. prove
C. consider
D. imagine
14. His knowledge ofFrench is fair.
A. very useful
B. very limited
C. quite good
D. rather special
15. The group does notadvocate the use of violence.
A. limit
B. regulate
C. oppose
D. support
第2部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题l分，共7分)
下面的短文列出了7个句子请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提到的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的信息是错误的，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
So Many ‘Earths’
The Milky Way (银河) contains billions of Earth-sizedplanets that could support life. That’s the finding of a new study. It draws ondate that came from NASA’s top planet-hunting telescope.
A mechanical failure recently putthat Kepler space telescope out of service. Keplerhad played a big role increating a census of planets orbiting some 170,000 stars. Its data have beenhelping astronomers predict how common planets are in our galaxy. The telescopefocused on hunting planets that might have conditions similar to those onEarth.
The authors of a study publishedin The Proceedings of the National Academy of sciences, conclude thatbetween 14 and 30 out of every 100 stars, with a mass and temperature similarto the Sun, may host a planet that could support life as we know it. Such aplanet would have a diameter at least as large as Earth’s, but no more thantwice that big. The planet also would have to orbit in a star’s habitable zone.That’s where the surface temperature would allow any water to exist as a liquid.
The new estimate of how manyplanets might fit these conditions comes from studying more than42,000 starsand identifying suitable worlds orbiting them. The scientists used thosenumbers to extrapolate (推算) to the rest of the stars thatthe telescope could not see.
The estimate is rough, the authorsadmit. If applied to the solar system, it would define as habitable a zonestarting as close to the Sun as Venus and running to as far away as Mars.Neither planet is Earthlike (although either might have been in the distantpast). Using tighter limits, the researchers estimate that between 4 and 8 outof every 100 sunlike stars could host an Earth-sized world. These are ones thatwould take 200 to 400 days to complete a yearly orbit.
Four out of every 100 sunlikestars doesn’t sound like a big number. It would mean,however, that the MilkyWay could host more than a billion Earth-sized planets with a chance for life.
16. The Kepler spacetelescope has been in service for 15 years.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
17. The main task ofthe Kepler space telescope is to find out planets with similar conditions toEarth’s.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
18. The planet thatcould support life might be a little bit smaller than Earth.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
19. The Earth isplanet orbiting in the Sun’s habitable zone.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
20. The new finding isbased on a thorough study of 170,000 stars in the Milky Way.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
21. The estimate ofthe number of planets that could support life is not very accurate.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
22. This is the firstresearch finding about the planets with a chance for life.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23～30题，每题l分，共8分)
下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个最佳标题；(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。
Climate Change: The Long Reach
1. Earth is warming. Sea levelsare rising. There’s more carbon in the air, and Arctic ice is melting fasterthan at any time in recorded history. Scientists who study the environment tobetter gauge (评估)Earth’s future climate now argue that thesechanges may not reverse for a very long time.
2. People burn fossil fuels likecoal and oil for energy. That burning releases carbon dioxide, a colorless gas.In the air, this gas traps heat at Earth’s surface. And the more carbon dioxidereleased, the more the planet warms. If current consumption of fossil fuelsdoesn’t slow, the long-term climate impacts could last thousands of years—andbe more severe than scientists had been expecting. Climatolo-gist Richard Zeebeof the University of Hawaii at Manoa offersthis conclusion in a new paper.
3. Most climate-change studieslook at what’s going-to happen in the next century or so. During that time,changes in the planet’s environment could nudge(推动) global warming even higher. Forexample；Snowand ice reflect sunlight back into space. But as these reflect sunlight can nowreach—and warm—the exposed ground. This extra heat raises the air temperatureeven more, causing even more snow to melt. This type of rapid exaggeration ofimpacts is called a “fast feedback.”
4. Zeebe says it’s important tolook at fast feedbacks. However, he adds, they’re limited. From a climate changeperspective, “This century is the most important time for the next fewgenerations,” he told Science News “Butthe world is not ending in 2100.” For his new study. Zeebe how focuses on “slowfeedbacks.” While fast feedback events unfold over decades or centuries, slowfeedbacks can .take thousands of years. Melting of continental ice sheets andthe migration of plant life—as they relocate to more comfortable areas—are twoexamples of slow feedbacks.
5. Zeebe gathered information frompreviously published studies investigating how such processes played out overthousands of years during past dramatic changes in climate. Then he came upwith a forecast for the future that accounts for both slow and fast feedbackprocesses. Climate forecasts that use only fast feedbacks predict a 4.5 degreeCelsius (8.1 degree Fahrenheit) change by the year 3000. But slow feedbacksadded another 1.5 ~C—for a 6°total increase, Zeebe reports. He also found thatslow feedback events will cause global warming to persist for thousands ofyears after people run out of fossil fuels to burn.
23.Paragraph 2 _____.
24.Paragraph 3 _____.
25.Paragraph 4 _____.
26.Paragraph 5 _____.
| A Prediction of Future Climate Change
B. Impact of Burning Fossil Fuels
C. Fast Feedbacks
D. Unpredictability of Feedback Processes
E. Rising of Sea Levels
F. Slow Feedbacks
|
27.Arctic ice has never been melting so fast in _____.
28.Melting of snow and ice enables sunlight to reach _____.
29. Zeebecame up with his future climate prediction by analyzing _____.
30. Afterfossil fuels are used up, global warming will continue for _____.
A. rapid exaggeration of impacts
B. a very long time
C. the extra heat
D. previously published studies
E. the exposed ground
F. recorded history
|
第4部分：阅读理解(第31～45题，每题3分，共45分)
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定l个最佳选项。
第一篇 The Mir Space Station
The Russian Mir Space Station,which came down in 2001 at last after 15 years of pioneering the concept oflong-term human space flight, is remembered for its accomplishments in thehuman space flight history. It can be credited with many firsts in space.
The Soviet Union launched Mir, which was designed to last from three to fiveyears, on February 20, 1986, and housed 104 astronauts over 12 years and sevenmonths, most of whom were not Russian. In fact, it became the firstinternational space station by playing host to 162 people from 11 countries.From 1995 through 1998, seven astronauts from the United States took turns living onMir for up to six months each. They were among the 37 Americans who visited thestation during nine stopovers by space shuttles.
The more than 400 million theUnited States provided Russian for the visits not only kept Mir operating, butalso gave the Americans and their partners in the international station projectvaluable experience in long-term flight and multinational operations.
A debate continues over Mir’scontributions to science. During its existence, Mir was the laboratory for23,000 experiments and carried scientific equipment, estimated to be worth $80million, from many nations. Experiments on Mir are credited with a range offindings, from the first solid measurement of the ration of heavy helium(氦)atoms in space to how to growwheat in space. But for those favouring human space exploration, Mir showedthat people could live and work in space long enough for a trip to Mars. Thelongest single stay in space is the 437.7 days that Russian astronaut ValeryPolyakov spent on Mir from 1994 to 1995. And Sergie Avdeyev accumulated 747.6days in space in three trips to the space station. The longest American staywas that of Shannon Lucid, who spent 188 days aboard Mir in 1996.
Despite the many firsts Miraccomplished,1997 was a bad year out of 15 for Mir. In 1997, an oxy- generator caughtfire. Later, the main computer system broke down, causing the station to driftseveral times and there were power failures. Most of these problems wererepaired, with American help and suppliers, but Mir’s reputation as a spacestation was ruined.
Mir’s setbacks are nothing,though, when we compare them with its accomplishments. Mir was a tremendoussuccess, which will be remembered as a milestone in space exploration and thespace station that showed long-term human habitation in space was possible. Butit’s time to move on to the next generation. The International Space Stationbeing built will be better, but it owes a great debt to Mir.
31. We can learn fromthe passage that the Mir Space station _____.
A. was designed to last over 5years
B. played host to 7 astronautsfrom different countries
C. was visited only by American
D. was built by Russians
32. One of thecontributions Mir makes to science is that it _____.
A. helps astronauts get close toMars
B. enables scientists to developnew scientific equipment
C. sets a record of the longestsingle human stay in space
D. shows that multinationaloperations in space are less expensive
33. What happened toMir in 1997?
A. It ran out of its fun
B. Its main computer system brokedown.
C. It was completely damaged byfire.
D. Its reputation was ruined dueto power failures.
34. It can be inferredfrom the last passage that _____.
A. space exploration will notexperience setbacks
B. it is difficult for other spacestations to exceed Mir’s success
C. Mir is the best long-term humanhabitation in space in history
D. multinational space operationsare getting more accomplishments
35. What is theauthor’s attitude toward Mir?
A. Indifferent.
B. Favourable.
C. Ironic
D. Negative.
第二篇 Approaches to Understanding Intelligences
It pays to be smart, but we arenot all smart in the same way. You may be a talented musician but you might notbe a good reader. Each of us is different.
Psychologists disagree about whatis intelligence and what are talents or personal abilities. Psychologists havetwo different views on intelligence. Some believe there is one generalintelligence. Others believe there are many different intelligences.
Some psychologists say there isone type of intelligence that can be measured with IQ tests. Thesepsychologists support their view with research that concludes that people whodo well on one kind of test for mental ability do well on other tests. They dowell on tests using words, numbers or pictures. They do well on individual orgroup tests, and written or oral tests. Those who do poorly on one test, do thesame on all tests.
Studies of the brain show thatthere is a biological basis for general intelligence. The brains of intelligentpeople use less energy during problem solving. The brain waves of people withhigher intelligence show a quicker reaction. Some researchers conclude thatdifferences in intelligence result from differences in the speed andeffectiveness of information processing by the brain.
Howard Gardner, a psychologist at theHarvard School of Education, has four children. He believes that all childrenare different and shouldn’t be tested by one intelligence test. Although Gardner believes generalintelligence exists, he doesn’t think it tells much about the talents of a personoutside of formal schooling. He thinks that the human mind has differentintelligences. These intelligences al- low us to solve the kinds of problems weare presented with in life. Each of us has different abilities within theseintelligences. Gardnerbelieves that the purpose of school should be to encourage development of allof our intelligences.
Gardner says that his theory is based onbiology. For example when one part of the brain is injured other parts of thebrain still work. People who cannot talk because of brain damage can stillsing. So there is not just one intelligence to lose. Gardner has identified 8different kinds of intelligence: linguistic, mathematical, spatial, musical, interpersonal,intrapersonal, body-kinesthetic(身体动觉的 ), and naturalistic.
36. What is the mainidea of this passage?
A. The importance of intelligence.
B. The development of intelligencetests.
C. How to understand intelligence.
D. How to become intelligent.
37. Which of thefollowing statements is true concerning general intelligence?
A. Most intelligent people do wellon some intelligence tests.
B. Intelligent people do not dowell on group tests.
C. Intelligent people do better onwritten tests than on oral tests.
D. People doing well on one typeof intelligence test do well on other tests.
38.Gardner believe that _____.
A. all children are alike
B. children have differentintelligences
C. children should take oneintelligence test
D. there is no generalintelligence
39. According to Gardner schools should_____.
A. promote development of allintelligences
B. test student’s IQs
C. train students who do poorly ontests
D. focus on finding the mostintelligent students
40.Gardner thinks that his theory has a _____.
A. musical foundation
B. intrapersonal foundation
C. linguistic foundation
D. biological foundation
第三篇 Eye-tracker Lets You Drag and Drop Fileswith a Glance
Bored of using a mouse? Soonyou’ll be able to change stuff on your computer screen—and then move itdirectly onto your smartphone or tablet(平板电脑)—with nothing more than a glance.
A system called EyeDrop uses ahead-mounted eye tracker that simultaneously records your field of view so itknows where you are looking on the screen. Gazing at an object—a photo, say—andthen pressing a key, selects that object. It can then be moved from the screento a tablet or smartphone just by glancing at the second device, as long as thetwo are connected wirelessly.
“The beauty of using gaze tosupport this is that our eyes naturally focus on content that we want toacquire,” says Jayson Turner, who developed the system with colleagues at Lancaster University, UK.
Turner believes EyeDrop would beuseful to transfer an interactive map or contact information from a publicdisplay to your smartphone or for sharing photos. “A button needs to be used toselect the object you are looking at otherwise you end up with the “Midastouch” (点石成金） effect, whereby everything you look at getsselected by your gaze, says Turner. “Imagine if your mouse clicked oneverything it pointed at,” he says.
Christian Holz a researcher inhuman-computer interaction at Yahoo Labs in Sunnyvale, California,says the system is a nice take on getting round this fundamental problem ofusing gaze-tracking to interact. “EyeDrop solves this in a slick (灵巧的)way by combining it with input onthe touch devices we carry with us most of the time anyway and using touchinput as a clutching mechanism,” he says. “This now allows users to seamlessly(无缝地) interact across devices far andclose in a very natural manner.”
While current eye-trackers arerather bulky, mainstream consumer devices are not too far away. Swedish firmTobii is developing gaze-tracking technology that can be installed in laptopsand tablets and is expected to be available to buy next year. And the GoogleGlass headset is expected to include eye-tracking in the future.
Turner says he has also looked athow content can be cut and pasted or drag-and-dropped using a mix of gaze andtaps on a touchscreen. The system was presented at the Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Multimedia in Sweden, lastweek.
41. The eye-trackertechnology enables us to _____.
A. change our computer screen
B. focus on anything thatinterests us
C. get a smartphone connectedwirelessly
D. move an object from screen witha glance
42. Why is a buttonneeded?
A. To minimize the cost ofEyeDrop.
B. To choose as many objects aspossible.
C. To make EyeDrop different fromothers.
D. To select what we want.
43. The word"this" in Paragraph 6 refers to _____.
A. application of gaze-tracking inhuman-computer interaction
B. interaction between human andcomputer
C. combination of gaze-trackingwith input on touch devices
D. generalization of EyeDropsystem
44. Which of thefollowing statement is true of eye-trackers for consumer use?
A. They are costly.
B. They are available.
C. They are installed in GoogleGlass headset.
D. They are expected to come outsoon.
45. What is Turnerlikely to study next?
A. How to drag and drop with gazeand taps.
B. How to present the system in public
C. How to get touchscreen involve
D. How to cut and paste contentfrom a public display.
第5部分：补全短文(第46～50题，每题2分，共10分)
下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。
The Day a Language Died
When Carios Westez died at the ageof 76, a language died, too. Westez, more commonly known as Red Thunder Cloud wasthe last speaker of the Native American language, Catawba Anyone who wants tohear various songs of the Catawba can contact the Smithsonian Institution inWashington, D. C., where, back in the 1940s, Red Thunder Cloud recorded aseries of songs for future generations. _____ (46)They are all that is left ofthe Catawba language. The language that people used to speak is gone forever.
We are all aware of the dangerthat modern industry can do to the world’s ecology(生态). However, few people are awareof the impact that widely spoken languages have on other languages and ways oflife. English has spread all over the world. Chinese, Spanish, Russian, andHindi have become powerful languages as well. _____ (47) When this happens,hundreds of languages that are spoken by only a few die out.
Scholars believe there are about6,000 languages around the world, but more than half of them could die outwithin the next 100 years. There are many examples Araki is a native languageof the is- land of Vanuatu, located in the Pacific Ocean. It is spoken by only a few older adults so like Catawba,Araki will soon disappear. Many languages of Ethiopiawill have the same fate because each one has only a few speakers. _____ (48)Inthe Americas,100languages, each of which has fewer than 300 speakers, are dying out.
Red Thunder Cloud was one of thefirst to recognize the threat of language death and to try to do somethingabout it. He was not actually born into the Catawba tribe, and the language wasnot his mother tongue. _____ (49)The songs he sang for the SmithsonianInstitution helped to make Native American music popular. Now he is gone, andthe language is dead.
What does it mean when a languagedisappears? When a plant or insect or animal species dies, it is easy tounderstand what we’ve lost and to appreciate what this means for the balance ofthe natural word However, language is only a product of the mind To be the lastremaining speaker of a language like Red Thunder Cloud must be a lonelydestiny, almost as strange and terrible as being the last surviving member of adying species. _____ (50)
A. Somepeople might want to try to learn some of these songs by heart.
B. Papua New Guineais an extremely rich source of different language but more than 100 of them Arein danger of extinction(灭绝).
C. However, he was afrequent visitor to the Catawba reservation in South Carolina where he learned thelanguage.
D. Theselanguages don’t have many native speakers.
E. For the rest of us,when a language dies, we lose the possibility of a unique way of seeing and describingthe world
F. Asthese languages become more powerful their use as tools of business and cultureincreases.
第6部分：完形填空(第51～65题，每题l分，共15分)
下面的短文有l5处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定l个最佳选项。
Underground Coal Fires
Coal burning deep underground inChina, India and Indonesia is threatening the environment and human life,scientists have warned These large scale _____ (51) blazes (火焰) cause the ground temperature toheat up and kill surrounding vegetation, produce greenhouse gases and can _____(52) ignite (点燃) forest fires, a group of scientists toldthe annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Sciencein Denver. The resulting _____ (53) of poisonous elements like mercury can alsopollute local water sources and soils, they warned
"Coal fires are a globaldisaster," said Associate Professor Glenn Stracher of East GeorgiaCollege in Swainsboro, USA.But _____ (54) few people know about them.
Coal can heat up on its own, andeventually catch fire and burn, if there is a continuous oxygen supply. Theheat produced is not caused to _____ (55) and under the right combinations ofsunlight . and oxygen, can trigger spontaneous (自发的) catching fire and burning. Thiscan occur underground in coal stockpiles, abandoned mines or even as coal istransported _____ (56) fires in China consume up to 200 million tons of coalper year, delegates were told In _____ (57), the U. S. economy consumes aboutone billion tons of coal annually, said Stracher _____ (58)analysis of thelikely impact of coal fires has been accepted for publication in theInternational Joomal of Acoal Ecology. _____ (59) underway, coal fires can burnfor decades, even centuries. In the process, they release large _____ (60) ofgreenhouse gases, poisonous fumes and black particles into the atmosphere.
The members of the panel discussedthe _____ (61) these fires may be having on global and regional climate change,and agreed that the underground nature of the fires makes them difficult to_____ (62).
Ultimately, the remote sensing andother techniques should allow scientists to _____ (63) how much carbon dioxidethese fires are emitting (释放). One suggested _____ (64) of containingthe fires was presented by Gary Colaizzi, of the engineering firm Goodson,which has developed a heat-resistant grout (灌浆),which is designed to be pumpedinto the coal fire to _____ (65) the oxygen supply．
51. A. house B.underground C.sky D.water
52. A. only B.even C.just D.then
53. A. release B.paste C.consumption D.elimination
54. A. happily B.traditionally C.surprisingly D.fashionably
55. A. exchange B.regenerate C.disappear D.transfer
56. A. Most B.Such C.Some D.Many
57. A. comparison B.case C.time D.turn
58. A. which B.who C.whose D.what
59. A. Yet B.Unless C.Although D.Once
60. A. data B.volumes C.figures D.images
61. A. attack B.impact C.identification D.implication
62. A. develop B.relieve C.detect D.supply
63. A. estimate B.experiment C.gather D.illustrate
64. A. cause B.method C.treatment D.rule
65. A. take up B.back up C.run out D.cut off
参考答案及解析
第1部分：词汇选项
1.B 句意：这附近的大多数人都很正派。decent得体的，正派的。honest诚实的，可靠的。二者意思相近，可相互替换。real真正的，真实的。normal正常的。wealthy富有的。因此，本题的正确答案为B。
2.C 句意：课程设置过于狭窄和死板。rigid死板的,僵硬的。inflexible不灵活的。二者意思相近，可互相替换。hidden隐藏的。traditional传统的。official官方的;正式的。因此，本题的正确答案是C。
3.A 句意：委员会被要求提交关于住房情况的报告。render提出;实施。furnish提供，供应。二者意思相近，可互相替换。copy复制。publish出版。 summarize总结。
4.B 句意：在此之后，一阵失望袭来。let-down失望。Disappointment失望；沮丧。二者意思相近，可互相替换。excitement兴奋，高兴。anger愤怒。calm冷静的。因此，本题的正确答案是B。
5.D 句意：几扇窗户被打碎了。smash打碎；粉碎。break打破，弄坏。二者意思相近，可互相替换。clean打扫，使干净。replace更换。fix修理。因此，本题的正确答案是D项。
6.A 句意：战争中最深重的苦难现在开始了。agony极大的痛苦。pain疼痛。二者意思相近，可互相替换。part部分。aspect方面。result结果。因此本题的正确答案是A。
7.C 句意：伦敦迅速成为一个繁荣的港口。flourishing繁荣的。 Successful，成功的。二者意思相近，可互相转换。major主要的。large大的。commercial商业的。因此本题的正确答案是C。
8.D 句意：她觉得自己做了一件善事。deed行动。act行为。二者意思相近，可互相替换。homework家庭作业。justice司法，正义。model模型，模范。因此本题的正确答案为D。
9.D 句意：他这个人一向很正派。moral品行端正的，道德的，精神的。honorable可敬的，体面的，光荣的。二者意思相近，可互相替换。human人类的。intelligent聪明的。natural自然的。因此，本题的正确答案为D。
10.C 句意：他吓得魂不附体。hollow空洞的。empty空的。二者意思相近，可互相替换。sincere真诚的。respectful恭敬的，有礼貌的。terrible可怕的。因此本题的正确答案为C。
11.B 句意：在咒语被打破之前，那都是个神奇的夜晚。spell魅力；咒语。Charm魅力，魔力。二者意思相近，可互相替换。time时间。space空间。opportunity机会。因此，本题的正确答案为B项。
12.D 句意：他的职业生涯长达16年。span跨越，持续。last持续，维持。二者意思相近，可互相替换。start开始。change改变。move移动。因此，本题的正确答案为D。
13.A 句意：他们正试图弄清现行制度的弊端所在。identify确定，发现。discover发现。二者意思相近，可互相替换。prove证明。consider考虑。imagine想象。因此，本文的正确选项为A。
14.C 句意：他的法语知识很不错。fair很好的，还不错的。quite good很好的。二者意思相近，可互相替换。very useful非常有用。very limited非常有限的。very special非常特别的。因此本题的正确答案为C。
15.D 句意：这个组织不主张使用暴力。advocate主张，提倡。support支持。二者意思相近，可互相替换。limit限制。regulate调节，控制。oppose反对。因此本题的正确答案为D。
第2部分：阅读判断
16.C 依据关键词Keplerspace telescope可定位到原文第二段第一句，A mechanical failure recently putthat Kepler space telescope out of service．一个机械故障使得开普勒太空望远镜停止了工作。但是原文中并未提及工作了多久。因此本题的说法是没有根据的。故选C。
17.A 依据关键词similarconditions to Earth’s可定位到原文中第二段最后一句，The telescope focused on huntingplanets that might have conditions similar to those on Earth．这个望远镜主要用于寻找可能与地球有相似环境的星球。因此本题的说法为正确的。故选A。
18.B 原文中第三段第二句提到，Such a planet would have a diameter at least as large as Earth’s，but no more than twice that big．这样的行星，其直径至少与地球一样大，但是不超过地球的两倍。联系前文，这样的行星指的是有生命迹象存在的行星。由此可知，支持生命的行星至少和地球一样大，因此本题说法为错误的。故选B。
19.A 依据关键词habitablezone，可定位到原文中第三段后两句，The planet also would have toorbit in a star’s habitable zone．That’swhere the surface temperature would allow any water to exist as a liquid．这个星球应当是绕着可居住区域旋转，以此保持地表温度从而保证水以液体形式存在。这是生命星球的条件，由此可知地球是满足以上条件的，所以才有生命体的存在，因此本题说法“地球是绕着太阳的可居住区旋转的行星”为正确的。故选A。
20.B 原文中第四段第一句提到，The new estimate of how many planets might fit these conditions comesfrom studying more than 42,000 stars and identifying suitable worlds orbitingthem．对于有多少星球能满足这种条件的预估是基于对超过42，000颗星星的研究并确认围绕其周围的适合的生存环境而得出的。因此本题说法“新的发现是基于对银河系l70，000颗星星的研究得出的”为错误的。故选B。
21.A 原文中倒数第二段第一句提到，The estimate is rough, the authors admit．作者承认，这种估计是模糊的。联系全文可知这种估计指的是对于支持生命存在的行星的估计是模糊的。因此本题说法“对于有多少行星可以支持生命存在的估计不是十分准确”为正确的。故选B。
22.C 本题说“这是关于行星有生命存在几率的研究中的首个发现”。但原文中并未提及这一点。故选C。
第3部分：概括大意与完成句子
23.B 本段主要介绍的是燃烧化石燃料产生的二氧化碳对气候的影响。见主旨句文章第二段的倒数第二句。B项Impactof Burning Fossil Fuels，“燃烧化石燃料的影响与主题句意思相符，故选B。
24.C 本段举例说明气候变化会带来更快速的气候变暖。文章第三段最后一句是主题句，意为：这种类型的快速而夸张的影响被称为“快速反馈”。C项FastFeedbacks，“快速反馈”与主题句意思相符，故选C。
25.F 本段通过与上一段对比及案例说明了慢反馈的重要性。F项SlowFeedbacks“慢反馈”与本段内容相符，可以准确概括本段的主题。故选F。
26.A 本段主要介绍Zeebe收集信息对未来的气候变化进行预测。文章第五段第二句是主题句，意为：他对将来的慢反馈和快速反馈都做了设想。A项APrediction of Future Climate Change“对未来气候变化的预测”与主题句意思相符，故选A。
27.F 文章第一段第三句指出，北极冰原正在融化，而且比历史上任何时期融化得都要快。F项recordedhistory“在历史记录中”与原句意思相符，故选F。
28.E 文章第三段第四句指出，当这些冰雪融化后，阳光就能照射到裸露的地面上。E项theexposed ground“裸露的地面”与原句相符，故选E。
29.D 文章第五段第一、二句指出Zeebe通过分析之前出版过的资料提出了未来气候的预想。D项previouslypublished studies“之前出版的研究”与原句意思相符，故选D。
30.B 文章第五段最后一句话指出在人们用完可以烧的化石燃料后，慢反馈会导致全球变暖持续数千年，B项avery long time“很长一段时间”与原句意思相符，故选B。
第4部分：阅读理解
31.D 本题问得是我们可以从文章中得知米尔空间站的什么情况。此题可用排除法来解答。根据第二段第一句话中的…designed to last from three tofive years…可排除A项。根据第二段第三句话中的…seven astronauts from the United States took turns living onMir…可排除B项。根据第二段第二句话中的…playing host to 162 people from 11 countries…可排除C项。而且原文第一段第一句中的The Russian Mir Space Station…和第二段第一句中的The Soviet Union launched Mir…可推测出米尔空间站是由前苏联也就是俄罗斯建立的。因此，本题的正确答案为D。
32.C 本题问得是米尔空间站对科学的贡献之一是什么。原文第四段的第四句和第五句提到…Mir showed that people could liveand work in space long enough for a trip to Mars其后又举例证明人类在太空长时间生存的历史就是在米尔空间站开创的，C项符合原文的内容。因此，本题的正确答案为C。
33.B 本题问得是1997年米尔空间站发生了什么事情?原文倒数第二段的第二句和第三句提到In 1997…Later,the main computer system broke down…，由此可知l997年，米尔的…随后电脑系统崩溃…，B项符合原文的内容。因此，本题的正确答案为B。
34.D 本题问得是从最后一段可以推断出什么。原文最后一段的最后一句提到The International Space Station being builtwill be better…由此可知，跨国的空间站会越来越好，会取得越来越多的成就。选项D符合原文的内容。因此，本题的正确答案为D。
35.B 本题问得是本文作者对于米尔空间站的态度是什么?综合全文，在原文的第一段，作者使用了pioneering,…isremembered for its accomplishments in the human space flight history,…credited with many firsts inspace来形容米尔空间站。在原文的最后一段，作者使用了a tremendous success，…a milestone in space exploration and thespace station…由此可知，虽然米尔空间站已经退役，但作者对米尔空间站仍持赞扬的态度。因此，本题的正确答案为B。
36.C 本题考察的是本文的主旨。由文章的标题Approaches to Understanding Intelligences“理解智力的方法”就可以对文章主旨进行预测。而全文的主要段落都在讲不同的人对于智力的讨论和定义。由此可知，本文主要是将怎样理解或定义智力。C选项与原文的内容相符。因此，本题的正确答案为C。
37.D 本题问的是以下关于普通智力的论述哪个是正确的?原文第三段第二句提到These psychologists support their view with research that concludesthat people who do well on one kind of test for mental ability do well on othertests.根据上下文可知，这些心理学家就是赞同普通智力的人，他们支持的观点是做心理能力测试成绩较好的人在其他测试表现仍然优异。选项D与论述相匹配。因此，本题的正确答案是D。
38.B 本题问得是Gardner的想法。本题可用排除法做。原文第五段第二句提到…all children are different and shouldn’t betested by one intelligence test.由此可排除A项和C项。第五段的第三句提到，Although Gardner believes general intelligence exists…由此可排除D项。原文第四句提到，He thinks that the human mind has differentintelligences.由此可知，Gardner认为所有人都有不一样的智力，包括孩子们，B项符合原文的内容。因此，本题的正确答案为B。
39.A 本题问的是根据Gardner的说法，学校应该怎么做。原文倒数第二段最后一句提出Gardner believes that the purposeof school should be to encourage development of all of our intelligence.由此可知，Gardner坚信学校的目的应当是鼓励智力的全面发展，A项符合原文的内容。因此，本题的正确答案为A。
40.D 本题问得是Gardner认为他的理论是基于什么。原文最后一段第一句提出Gardner says that his theory isbased on biology.由此可知Gardner的理论基于生物学研究，D项符合原文的内容。因此，本题的正确答案为D。
41.D 本题问得是眼部跟踪装置使我们能够干什么。原文第二段最后一句提到It can then be moved from the screen to atablet or smart phone just by glancing at the seconddevice…由此可知，只要看另一个设备一眼，屏幕上的东西就可以轻易被移动到平板电脑或智能手机上，D项符合原文的内容。因此本题的正确答案是D。
42.D 本题问得是为什么需要按钮。原文第五段第一句提到A button needs to be used to select theobject you are looking at…由此可知，需要按钮来选定我们所注视的物品…。因此本题的正确答案是D。
43.C 本题问得是第六段的this指什么。可定为到原文第六段的第二句和第三句，文中提到…by combining it with input on the touchdevices we carry with us most of the time anyway and using touch input as aclutching mechanism.由此可知，this指代将眼睛追踪装置和接触装置相结合。只有C符合原文。因此本题的正确答案是C。
44.D 本题考察得是细节题。下列有关于眼部跟踪器的顾客装置的论述哪一项是正确的?原文倒数第二段第一句提出…mainstreamconsumer devices are not too far away. 由此可知，主流的顾客装置很快就会出现。只有D与原文内容相符，因此本题的正确答案是D。
45.A 本题问得是Turner接下来会研究什么?原文最后一段第一句提到…he hasalso looked at how content can be cut and pasted or drag-and-dropped using amix of gaze and taps on a touch screen.由此可知Turner也在观察如何通过眼神和点击的方式操控触屏以实现剪切、粘贴和拖拽内容，只有A项与此相关。因此本题的正确答案是A。
第5部分：补全短文
46.A 空格前面的句子说到，想听各种卡托巴歌曲的人可以联系华盛顿的史密森尼学会，在那里，Red Thunder Cloud为后代记录了一些歌曲。空格后面的句子提到这些就是所有剩下的卡托巴语。A项说“有些人可能希望用心去学习这些歌曲”填在此处与上下文衔接紧密，语意连贯。因此本题的正确答案为A。
47.F 结合前后文，空格的前一句提到汉语、西班牙语、俄罗斯语和北印度语变得兴盛起来。空格的后一句提到随着此事的发生，数百种使用人数很少的语言就灭绝了。那么据推测中间一句可能是讲这些语言的发展带来的影响。选项F“随着这些语言越来越兴盛，把它们作为商业贸易和文化交流的工具的现象也与日俱增”是对前句的承接，填在此处语意连贯，结构合理。因此，本题的正确答案为F。
48.D 空格的前一句提到，埃塞俄比亚的很多语言将会有同样地命运，因为每一种语言的使用者都不多。空格的后一句又以美洲为例，说明很多语言将要灭绝。D选项“以这些语言为母语的人并不多”与前后文相互呼应，填在此处语意自然连贯。因此，本题的正确答案是D。
49.C 结合前文，空格的前两句提到，Red Thunder Cloud并不会讲卡托巴语，但是他意识到这种语言濒临灭绝并且他认为自己有义务做些什么，由此可以推测空格处可能是关于他主动去学习卡托巴语。选项C“然而，他是南卡罗莱纳州的常客，那里是卡托巴语保留较好的地方，在那里他学会了这种语言”填在此处，与上下文联系紧密，且逻辑结构严密。因此，本题的正确答案是C。
50.E 空格的前一句提到，像Red Thunder Cloud一样，成为最后一个说某种语言的人一定有一个孤独的使命，表明了语言对他们的重要性。据此可以推测，空格处可能是关于语言的消失对其他群体的影响。选项E“对于我们来说，一种语言的消失可能使我们失去了以一种独特方式去看和解读这个世界的机会”填在此处，语意连贯。因此，本题的正确答案是E。
第6部分：完形填空
51.B 词义辨析题。结合文章的标题Underground Coal Fires和前一句，“在中国、印度和印尼，地下煤炭燃烧严重危害生态环境和人类的生存”，可知这一句中B项underground“地下的”比较符合语意。其他的选项都不适合：house房屋。sky天空。water水。因此，本题的正确答案为B。
52.B 语法知识点。句意：这些大规模的地下火焰使地面温度上升，毁坏周边的植被，产生温室气体，甚至会点燃林火。结合语境，和前几个分句的意思可知这些地下火焰产生的后果正越来越严重。所以B项even“甚至”符合语意和语境。而其他的选项都不适合：only只有，仅仅。just只是。then然后。因此，本题的正确答案为B。
53.A 词义辨析题。句意：有毒元素的释放比如说水银，会对水和土壤造成污染。联系上下文可知只有A项release“释放”符合原文的语意。其他的选项都不适合：paste黏贴。consumption消耗，消费。elimination消除。因此，本题的正确答案为A。
54.C 词义辨析题。句意：然而令人吃惊的是，几乎没有人知道它们。根据上下文，上一句提到煤燃烧产生的火焰是全球性的灾难，本句提到很少有人意识到这一点，两句之间带有转折的关系。因此，只有C选项surprisingly“令人吃惊的是”符合句意。其他的选项都不合适：happily快乐地。traditionally传统地。fashionably流行地，时髦地。因此，本题的正确答案为C。
55.C 词义辨析题。句意：煤燃烧产生的热量并不会马上消失，在一定光合作用下甚至会自燃。根据上下文和全文的意思可知，地下的热量不会轻易消失，因此C项disappear“消失”符合句意。其他的选项都不合适：exchange交换。regenerate再生。transfer转移。因此本题的正确答案为C。
56.B 词义辨析题。句意：代表们得知，在中国，这样的火灾每年会消耗2亿吨的煤炭。结合上下文，上一句提到，煤炭的自燃会发生在地下储藏的煤炭中，废弃的矿坑中，甚至是在运输的途中，那么紧接着的火造成的损失，就是指代这些火。所以B项Such“这样的”符合句意。其他的选项则都不适合：most大多的。some一些。many许多。因此本题的正确答案为B。
57.A 固定搭配题。本句涉及到火灾消耗的煤炭量与美国经济年耗煤量的对比。A项incomparison“相比较而言”，是固定搭配，同时也切合语意。其他的选项都不适合：in case如果，以防。in time及时，适时。in turn轮流。因此本题的正确答案为A。
58.C 语法知识点。本题考查的是定语从句。句意：与此相比，美国经济的年煤炭消耗量是10亿吨，Stracher说，他对于煤炭火灾的可能性影响的分析已被接受，并将出版在国际杂志中。联系上下文可知，此处的先行词是Stracher’s，所以需要的引导词是whose.因此，本题的正确答案为C。
59.D 词义辨析题。句意：一旦开始燃烧，煤燃烧的火焰可以燃烧几十年，甚至几百年。结合上下文和本句句意，可知D项once“一旦”符合句意，且与下文衔接连贯。其他的选项都不适合：yet然而，但是。unless除非。although尽管。因此，本题的正确答案为D。
60.B 固定搭配题。句意：在此过程中，它们向大气释放出大量的温室气体、毒烟和黑色颗粒。Large volume of大量的。其他的选项都不适合：data数据。figure数字。image形象。因此，本题的正确答案为B。
61.B 词义辨析题。句意：小组成员们讨论了这些火焰可能对全球及地区性气候造成的影响。联系上下文可知，只有B项impact“影响”符合句意，且可与on搭配。其他的选项都不适合：attack攻击，袭击。identification身份。implication暗示，牵连。因此，本题的正确答案为B。
62.C 词义辨析题。句意：小组成员们一致认为这种火焰的地下特性使它很难被侦测到。结合下文和本局的underground nature可推测出地下的火是很难被发现的。C项detect“侦测”符合语意和下文的发展。其他的选项则都不适合：develop发展。relieve缓解。supply供应。因此本题的正确答案为C。
63.A 词义辨析题。句意：最后，传感技术及其他技术应该使科学家能估计这些火灾的二氧化碳排放量。根据上下文，只有A项的estimate“估计”符合语意。其他的选项都不适合：experiment实验。gather聚集。illustrate阐明。因此，本题的正确答案为A。
64.B 词义辨析题。句意：Gary Colaizzi提出了一种克制火焰的方法。联系下文的heat-resistant grout可知，此处指的是一种对火焰进行控制的方法，B项的method“方法”符合句意。其他的选项均不适合：cause原因，成因。treatment对待；治疗。rule规则。因此，本题的正确答案为B。
65.D 词义辨析题。句意：按设计，将抗热的灌浆灌入煤炭火焰中，来隔绝氧气的供应。联系上文的…under the right combinations ofsunlight . and oxygen, can trigger spontaneous catching fire and burning可知，氧气也是火焰形成和持续的原因之一，所以这一方法就应该是停止氧气的供应。D项cutoff“切断，中断”符合句意。其他的选项均不适合：take up占据。back up后退；支持，援助。run out用完，耗尽。因此本题的正确答案为D。
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