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内容简介
视频教师简介
目录
第一部分 历年真题及详解
2016年全国职称英语等级考试（理工类B级）真题及详解
2015年全国职称英语等级考试（理工类B级）真题及详解
2014年全国职称英语等级考试（理工类B级）真题及详解
2013年全国职称英语等级考试（理工类B级）真题及详解
2012年全国职称英语等级考试（理工类B级）真题及详解
2011年全国职称英语等级考试（理工类B级）真题及详解
2010年全国职称英语等级考试（理工类B级）真题及详解
2009年全国职称英语等级考试（理工类B级）真题及详解
2008年全国职称英语等级考试（理工类B级）真题及详解
2007年全国职称英语等级考试（理工类B级）真题及详解
2006年全国职称英语等级考试（理工类B级）真题及详解
2005年全国职称英语等级考试（理工类B级）真题及详解
第二部分 模拟试题及详解
全国职称英语等级考试（理工类B级）模拟试题及详解（一）
全国职称英语等级考试（理工类B级）模拟试题及详解（二）
全国职称英语等级考试（理工类B级）模拟试题及详解（三）
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第一部分 历年真题及详解
2016年全国职称英语等级考试（理工类B级）真题及详解
第1部分：词汇选项（第1~15题，每题1分，共15分）
下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个最接近的选项。
1. The revelation of his past led tohis resignation.
A. imagination
B. disclosure
C. confirmation
D. recall
【答案】B查看答案
【解析】句意：对他过去的揭露导致了他的辞职。revelation揭露，透露。disclosure揭露，揭发。二者意思相近，可互相替换。imagination想象。confirmation确认，证实。recall召回，回想起。因此答案为B项。
2. Jensen is a dangerous man, and can bevery brutal.
A. careless
B. cruel
C. strong
D. hard
【答案】B查看答案
【解析】句意：延森是个危险的男人，甚至很残忍。brutal残忍的，野蛮的。cruel残忍的。二者意思相近，可互相替换。careless粗心的。strong强壮的。hard努力的，困难的。因此答案为B项。
3. You’ll have to sprint if you wantto catch the train.
A. jump
B. escape
C. run
D. prepare
【答案】C查看答案
【解析】句意：如果你想赶上火车，你必须要全速奔跑。sprint冲刺，全速奔跑。run奔跑。二者意思相近，可互相替换。jump跳跃。escape逃避，避开。prepare准备。因此答案为C项。
4. We are worried about this fluidsituation filled with uncertainty.
A. changeable
B. stable
C. suitable
D. adaptable
【答案】A查看答案
【解析】句意：我们担心这次充满不确定性的动荡不定的局势。fluid不稳定的，不固定的。changeable不定的，无常的。二者意思相近，可互相替换。stable稳定的，牢固的。suitable适当的，相配的。adaptable适合的，能适应的。因此答案为A项。
5. The new garment fits herperfectly.
A. haircut
B. purse
C. clothes
D. necklace
【答案】C查看答案
【解析】句意：新衣服非常适合她。garment衣服，服装。clothes衣服。二者意思相近，可互相替换。haircut发型，理发。purse钱包。necklace项链。因此答案为C项。
6. The phobia may have its root in achildhood trauma.
A. fear
B. joy
C. hurt
D. memory
【答案】C查看答案
【解析】句意：恐惧症可能源于童年时期的创伤。trauma创伤（由心理创伤造成精神上的异常）。hurt“伤害；痛苦”，可指感情上的伤心或痛苦。二者意思相近，可互相替换。fear害怕。joy高兴。memory记忆。因此，答案为C项。
7. They have built canals to irrigatethe desert.
A. decorate
B. water
C. change
D. visit
【答案】B查看答案
【解析】句意：他们已经修建运河来灌溉沙漠。irrigate灌溉。water浇水。二者意思相近，可互相替换。decorate装饰，布置。change改变。visit拜访。因此答案为B项。
8. Her overall language proficiency remainsthat of a toddler.
A. disabled
B. pupil
C. teenager
D. baby
【答案】D查看答案
【解析】句意：她的整体语言能力仍在初学者的阶段。toddler学步的幼儿。baby婴儿。二者意思相近，可互相替换。disabled残疾人。pupil学生。teenager青少年。因此答案为D项。
9. The coastal area has very mildwinter, but the central plains remain extremely cold.
A. warm
B. severe
C. hard
D. dry
【答案】A查看答案
【解析】句意：沿海地区冬天气候温和，但中部平原地区仍然非常寒冷。mild温和的。warm温暖的，暖和的。二者意思相近，可互相替换。severe严峻的，严厉的。hard努力的；困难的。dry干燥的。因此答案为A项。
10. The details of the costume were totallyauthentic.
A. real
B. outstanding
C. creative
D. false
【答案】A查看答案
【解析】句意：这服装的全部细节都是真实的。authentic真实的，真正的。real真实的。二者意思相近，可互相替换。outstanding杰出的，显著的。creative创造性的。false错误的，伪造的。因此答案为A项。
11. We are aware of the potentialproblems.
A. global
B. possible
C. ongoing
D. central
【答案】B查看答案
【解析】句意：我们意识到了潜在的问题。potential潜在的，可能的。possible可能的。二者意思相近，可互相替换。global全球的。ongoing进行中的，前进的。central中心的。因此答案为B项。
12.The idea was quite brilliant.
A. positive
B. clever
C. key
D. original
【答案】B查看答案
【解析】句意：这个点子太棒了。brilliant绝妙的。clever聪明的，巧妙的。二者意思相近，可互相替换。positive积极的。key关键的。original独创的，新颖的。因此答案为B项。
13. Stock market price tumbled afterrumor of a rise in interest rate.
A. regulated
B. increased
C. maintained
D. fell
【答案】D查看答案
【解析】句意：在利率上升的谣言过后，股票市场价格下跌。tumble暴跌。fall下降。二者意思相近，可互相替换。regulate调节。increase增长。maintain保持。因此答案为D项。
14. The course gives you basic instructionin car maintenance.
A. coaching
B. idea
C. term
D. aspect
【答案】A查看答案
【解析】句意：这门课程会在汽车保养方面给予你基础的指导。instruction指导。coaching训练，指导。二者意思相近，可互相替换。idea想法，主意。term术语；学期。aspect方面。因此答案为A项。
15. All houses within 100 metres of theseas are at risk of flooding.
A. in danger
B. out ofcontrol
C. betweenequals
D. inparticular
【答案】A查看答案
【解析】句意：沿海一百米以内的所有房子都有被淹没的危险。at risk处于危险中。in danger在危险中。二者意思相近，可互相替换。out of control失去控制。between equals相当。in particular尤其。因此答案为A项。
第2部分：阅读判断 （第16~22题，每题1分，共7分）
下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
The Theory of Everything
If StephenHawking lives until the year 2017, he will have lived more than 50 years longerthan his doctors expected. When he was a college student, doctors discoveredthat he had a rare disease. This disease causes a gradual disintegration (分解) of the nerve cells in thebrain cells that regulate voluntary muscle activity. Death almost always occurswithin two or three years.
Today StephenHawking cannot walk or speak. He cannot move his arms or his head. He cannottaste or smell anything. And yet this man is Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge University, a position held by the famous scientist Isaac Newton in 1669.
Hawking is oftendescribed as the greatest scientist since Albert Einstein, but to the worldoutside science, he is also known as the man who made scientific theoryunderstandable. His book, A Brief History of Time, has sold over eightmillion copies.
He says thatsince he does not have to think about his body or do any of the things othermen have to worry about, such as washing the car or working in the yard, he candedicate all of his time to thinking. This puts him in the perfect position tofind the answer to the question that he has dedicated his life to. His questionis: Is there a complete theory of the universe and everything in it?
Despite histremendous physical disabilities, he has already made some very importantdiscoveries about the origin of the universe, how the universe holds together,and how it will probably end. He has also been able to explain the secrets of “blackholes” in space. Now he is looking for a set of rules that everything in ouruniverse must obey. He calls it the Theory of Everything. He thinks thatsomeone will have found the answer within the next 20 years.
If StephenHawking is able to find his Theory of Everything, he will have given the worldthe opportunity to understand things that will change the whole nature ofscience and probably also the way we live.
16. Stephen Hawking will be 50 years old by2017.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Notmentioned
17. Stephen Hawking suffers from a rarebrain disease.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Notmentioned
18. Stephen Hawking is Professor ofMathematics at Cambridge University.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Notmentioned
19. A Brief History of Time is verydifficult for students to understand.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Notmentioned
20. Stephen Hawking has much time to thinkbecause he doesn’t have to work.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Notmentioned
21. Stephen Hawking has spent around tenyears explaining the secrets of “black holes”.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Notmentioned
22. The Theory of Everything is about therules that everything in the universe follows.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Notmentioned
【答案与解析】
16.B 定位根据关键词50 years和2017可定位至文章第一段第一句。
点睛原文第一段第一句明确提到“he will have lived more than 50 yearslonger than his doctors expected”（他将比医生预测的时间多活了50年）。由此可知，霍金并不是在2017年才50岁，因此本题说法是错误的。故选B项。
17.A 定位根据关键词rare disease可定位至文章第一段第二、三句。
点睛原文第一段第三句明确提到“This disease causes a gradualdisintegration (分解)of the nerve cells in the brain cells that regulate voluntary muscle activity.”（该疾病导致调节肌肉自主活动的脑细胞内部的神经细胞逐渐分解）。由此可知本题说法是正确的，故本题选A。
18.A 定位根据关键词“Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge University”可定位至文章第二段最后一句。
点睛原文第二段最后一句明确提到“this man is Professor of Mathematicsat Cambridge University”（他是剑桥大学数学教授）。由此可知本题说法是正确的，故本题选A。
19.B 定位根据关键词“A Brief History of Time”可定位至文章第三段。
点睛原文第三段明确提到“he is also known as the man who madescientific theory understandable. His book, A Brief History of Time, hassold over eight million copies.”（他因为能将科学理论阐述的通俗易懂而为人们所知。他的书，《时间简史》已售出超过八百万复印本）。因此本题说法是错误的。故选B项。
20.A 定位根据关键词think和work可定位至文章第四段第一句。
点睛原文第四段第一句明确提到“he does not have to think about hisbody or do any of the things other men have to worry about, such as washing thecar or working in the yard, he can dedicate all of his time to thinking.”（他不用考虑自己的身体或者像其他人一样做任何需要担忧的事，如洗车或者在院子里劳动，他可以将所有的时间都花在思考上）。由此可知本题说法是正确的，故本题选A。
21.C 点睛文中并未提到他花了十年时间解释“黑洞”理论，故选C项。
22.A 定位根据关键词“The Theory of Everything”可定位至文章第五段第三四句。
点睛原文第五段第三四句明确提到“he is looking for a set of rules thateverything in our universe must obey. He calls it the Theory of Everything.”（他正在寻找一套宇宙上所有事物都必须遵循的规则，他称之为万物理论）。由此可知本题说法是正确的，故本题选A。
【全文翻译】
万物理论
如果史蒂芬·霍金活到2017年，他将比医生预测的时间多活50年。在他还是个大学生时，医生发现他患有罕见的疾病。该疾病能导致调节肌肉自主活动的脑细胞内部的神经细胞逐渐分解。死亡几乎能在两三年内随时发生。
如今，霍金不能走路，不能说话，不能移动他的手臂或头部，不能尝出或闻出任何味道。然而，这个人却是剑桥大学的数学教授，著名科学家艾萨克·牛顿在1669年曾经在此职位任职。
霍金常被认为是继艾伯特·爱因斯坦之后的又一最伟大的科学家，但是在科学之外的世界，他又因为能将科学理论阐述的通俗易懂而为人们所知。他的书，《时间简史》，已售出超过八百万复印本。
他说既然自己不用老想着自己的身体，不用做任何其他人经常担忧的事情，比如说洗车或在院子里劳动，那他就可以将所有时间都花在思考上面。这使得他拥有完美的条件去找到他用尽一生思考的问题的答案。他的问题是：是否存在一个完整的理论，能够针对整个宇宙和宇宙上的所有事物？
尽管带着巨大的身体上的缺陷，他已经对宇宙起源、宇宙的形成以及宇宙可能毁灭的方式有了一些重要发现。他还能够解释空间“黑洞”的秘密。现在，霍金正在寻找一套宇宙上所有事物都必须遵循的规则，他称之为万物理论。他认为有人能在未来20年内找到答案。
如果史蒂芬·霍金能找到他的万物理论，他就能让世界拥有了解事物的机会，能改变整个科学本质甚至可能改变人类生活方式的事物。
第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23~30题，每题1分，共8分）
下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1~4段每段选择1个最佳标题：（2）第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。
Geothermal (地热) Energy
1. Since heatnaturally moves from hotter regions to cooler ones, the heat from the earth’scenter flows outwards towards the surface. In this way, it transfers to thenext layer of rock. If the temperature is high enough, some of this rock meltsand forms magma (岩浆).The magma ascends in its turn towards the earth’s surface. It often remainswell below the earth’s surface, creating vast areas of hot rock. In suchregions, there are deep cracks, which allow rainwater to descend underground.Some of the heated rainwater travels back up to the earth’s surface where itwill appear as a hot spring. However, if this ascending hot water reaches alayer of impermeable (不可渗透的) rock, it remains trapped, forming a geothermal reservoir. Ifgeothermal reservoirs are close enough to the surface, they can be reached bydrilling wells. Hot water and steam shoot up the wells naturally, and can beused to produce electricity in geothermal power plants.
2. A fewgeothermal power plants depend on dry-steamreservoirs which produce steam but little or no water. In these cases, thesteam is piped up directly to provide the power to spin a turbine generator.The first geothermal power plant, constructed at Lardarello in Italy, was of this type, and is still producing electricity today.
3. Mostcurrently operating geothermal power plants are either “flash” steam plants orbinary (双重的)plants. Flash plants produce mainly hot water ranging in temperature from 300°to 700°Fahrenheit. This water ispassed through one or two separators where released from the pressure of theunderground reservoir, it “flashes” or boils into steam. Again, the force ofthis steam provides the energy to spin the turbine and produce electricity. Thegeothermal water and steam are then reinjected directly back down into theearth to maintain the volume and pressure of the reservoir. Gradually they willbe reheated and can then be used again.
4. A reservoirwith temperatures below 300° Fahrenheit is not hot enough to flash steam but itcan still be used to generate electricity in a binary fluid. The steam fromthis is used to power the turbines. As in the flash steam plant, the geothermalwater is recycled back into the reservoir.
| A. Dry steam plants B. Binary plants C. Origin of geothermal energy D. Generation of electricity E. Flash steam plants F. Recyclable water and steam |
23.Paragraph 1 _____
24.Paragraph 2 _____
25.Paragraph 3 _____
26.Paragraph 4 _____
27. A geothermal reservoir is formed whenhot water is trapped under _____.
28. A dry-steam reservoir produces steamwith _____.
29. Flash plants produce hot water through_____.
30. In a binary plant, the heat of thegeothermal water can be converted into _____.
| A. the energy to turn a turbine B. impermeable rock C. one or two separators D. turbine operator E. little or no water F. hot springs |
【答案与解析】
23.C 本段主要介绍地热能的产生过程，是由雨水流到地下，遇地热变成热水无法喷出而形成的。C项“地热能的起源”与本段意思相符，故选C项。
24.A 本段主要介绍利用干蒸汽发电的工厂。A项“干蒸汽发电厂”与本段意思相符，故选A项。
25.E 本段主要介绍注水蒸汽发电站，现今最常见的就是注水发电和双循环发电。E项“注水蒸汽发电站”与本段意思相符，故选E项。
26.B 本段主要介绍低于300华氏度的水库如何通过双循环发电站来发电。B项“双循环发电站”能很好地概括本段内容，故选B项。
27.B 定位根据关键词trapped可定位至第一段倒数第三句。
点睛文章第一段倒数第三句提到，如果向上的热水碰到不可渗透的岩石，就会被困住，形成地热水库。B项impermeable rock“不可渗透的岩石”与该句意思相符，故选B项。
28.E 定位根据题干定位至第二段第一句。
点睛文章第二段第一句提到，干蒸汽水库产生的水量很少甚至没有。E项little or no water“很少或没有水”与该句意思相符，故选E项。
29.C 定位根据题干定位至第三段第三句。
点睛文章第三段第三句提到，产生的水会通过一到两个分离器。C项one or two separators“一到两个分离器”与该句意思相符，故选C项。
30.A 定位根据关键词binary可定位至第四段第一二句话。
点睛文章第四段第一句提到，温度不够的水可以用在双循环液体中，第二句话提到，这样产生的蒸汽可以推动涡轮。A项the energy to turn a turbine“推动涡轮的能量”与该句意思相符，故选A项。
【全文翻译】
地热能
1.因为热量自发地从较热的区域向较凉爽的区域移动，所以地球中心的热量向外朝着地表流动。就这样，热量沿着一层一层岩石传递。如果温度足够高，有些岩石会熔化而形成岩浆。岩浆开始向上朝着地表移动。最后通常会停留在地表以下，形成大面积的热岩石。在一些地区，地面裂缝很深，雨水可以顺着流到地下。有些经过热岩石加热的雨水会流回到地表形成温泉。然而若这些雨水碰到不可渗透的岩石，就会被困住，形成地热水库。若这些水库离地表足够近，人们可以通过钻井达到。热水和热蒸汽自然喷出，可被用作地热能发电站发电。
2．有些地热发电厂依靠干蒸汽水库发电，干蒸汽水库里面的蒸汽带着少量的水甚至没有水。在这样的情况下，蒸汽直接由管道输送来供给能量推动涡旋发动机。第一所地热发电厂，建于意大利的拉尔代雷洛，就是这种类型，直到今天仍在发电。
3．现在，大多数运转的地热发电站都是注水发电和双循环发电。注水发电会产生温度在300到700华氏度之间的热水。这些水由于地下水库的压力而释放，经过一两道分离器，并且会“在一瞬间”沸腾形成蒸汽。然后，这些蒸汽提供能量来旋转涡轮发电。这些地热水和蒸汽重新注入地壳岩石，维持水库的水量和压力。慢慢地它们会被重新加热，再次被利用。
4．水库水温低于300华氏度不够热，无法“在一瞬间”产生蒸汽，但仍可以以两相流的形式被用于发电。由此产生的蒸汽用于驱动涡轮。像注水发电站一样，地热水会循环回到水库。
第4部分：阅读理解（第31~45题，每题3分，共45分）
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。
第一篇 Smart Windows
Windows not onlylet light in to cut down an electricity use for lighting, but the light comingthrough the window also provides heat. However, windows are not something peopletypically associate with being a cutting edge technology. Researchers are nowworking on new technologies that enable a window to quickly change from clearto dark and anywhere in between easily.
“It took us along time to figure out what a window really is,” says Claes Granqvist. He’s aprofessor of solid-state physics at Uppsala University in Sweden. “It’s contact with the outside world. You have to have visual contact with the surroundingworld to feel well.” So, windows and natural light are important for improvingthe way people feel when they’re stuck indoors.
Yet, windows arethe weak link in a building when it comes toenergy and temperature control. In the winter, cold air leaks in. When it’s hotand sunny, sunlight streams in. All of this sunlight carries lots of heat andenergy. And all of this extra heat forces people to turn on their airconditioners. Producing cold air, which can feel so refreshing (使人清新的), actually suck upenormous amounts of electricity in buildings around the world.
Windows havebeen a major focus of energy research for a long time. Over the years,scientists have come up with a variety of strategies for coating, glazing (用玻璃覆盖), and layering windows tomake them more energy efficient. Smart windows go a step further. They use somechromogenic (发色的)technologies which involve changes of color.
Electrochromic (电致色的) windows use electricity tochange color. For example, a sheet of glass coated with thin layers of tungstenoxide (氧化钨) works abit like a battery. Tungsten oxide is clear when an electric charge is appliedand dark when the charge is removed, that is, when the amount of voltage (电压) is decreased, the windowdarkens until it’s completely dark after all electricity is taken away. Soapplying a voltage determines whether the window looks clear or dark.
One importantfeature that makes a smart window so smart is that it has a sort of “memory”.All it takes is a small shock of voltage to turn the window from one state tothe other. Then, it stays that way. Transitions take from 10 seconds to a fewminutes, depending on the size of the window. The development of smart windowscould mean that massive air conditioning systems may no longer be needed. “Inthe future,” Granqvist says, “our buildings may look different.”
31. Which of the following values ofwindows is NOT mentioned?
A. They letlight in to brighten the house.
B. They letlight in to heat the house.
C. They let ushave visual contact with the surrounding world.
D. They let usthink about the outside world.
32. The expression “when it comes to” inParagraph 3 is used to _____.
A. signal thearrival of a guest
B. indicate therecovery of consciousness
C. show ourunderstanding of something
D. introduce anew aspect of a topic
33. According to Paragraph 4, smart windowsare the windows that _____.
A. are coated
B. are glazed
C. have severallayers
D. can changecolor
34. Which paragraph gives an account of theway electrochromic windows changing?
A. Paragraph 5.
B. Paragraph 3.
C. Paragraph 4.
D. Paragraph 6.
35. A smart windows is smart mainly because_____.
A. it can changeits size
B. it can changeits structure
C. it can changethe voltage of electricity
D. it has a sortof memory
【答案与解析】
| 31. Which of the following values of windows is NOT mentioned? | 31. 下列关于窗户的作用哪一项没有提到？ | | A. They let light in to brighten the house. B. They let light in to heat the house. C. They let us have visual contact with the surrounding world. D. They let us think about the outside world. | A. 让光线进入，照亮房子。 B. 让光线进入，给房屋提供热源。 C. 让我们能够看到周围的世界。 D. 让我们思考外面的世界。 |
31.D 点睛文章第一段第一句话提到窗户可以让光线进来，照亮房间，并提供热量，由此可知A、B项正确。根据第二段第三、四句“It’scontact with the outside world. You have to have visual contact with thesurrounding world to feel well.”可知，C项正确，故只有D项文中未提及。
| 32. The expression “when it comes to” in Paragraph 3 is used to _____. | 32. 第三段中短语“when it comes to”被用来_____。 | | A. signal the arrival of a guest B. indicate the recovery of consciousness C. show our understanding of something D. introduce a new aspect of a topic | A. 标志着客人的到来 B. 暗示意识的恢复 C. 表明我们对某物的理解 D. 引入话题的一个新的方面 |
32.D 定位根据关键词“when itcomes to”可定位至第三段第一句。
点睛文章前两段介绍的是窗户的三个作用。第三段开头Yet表示转折，开始介绍窗户在能量和温度控制方面的作用，所以when it comesto用来引入该话题的另一方面，故答案为D项。
| 33. According to Paragraph 4, smart windows are the windows that _____. | 33. 根据第四段，智能窗户是指_____的窗户。 | | A. are coated B. are glazed C. have several layers D. can change color | A. 被覆盖 B. 用玻璃覆盖 C. 有几层 D. 能改变颜色 |
33.D 定位根据题干可定位至第四段。
点睛根据文章第四段最后一句“They use some chromogenic (发色的) technologiesinvolving changes of color”可知，智能窗户可以改变颜色，故D项正确。
避错选项A、B在该段第二句可以找到，但这并不是智能窗户的特点。C项该段并未提及，故排除。
| 34. Which paragraph gives an account of the way electrochromic windows changing? | 34. 哪一段对电致变色窗的变色进行了解释？ | | A. Paragraph 5. B. Paragraph 3. C. Paragraph 4. D. Paragraph 6. | A. 第五段。 B. 第三段。 C. 第四段。 D. 第六段。 |
34.A 定位根据“electrochromicwindows changing”可定位至第五段。
点睛第五段第一句话提到“Electrochromic (电致色的) windows useelectricity to change color.”，接着对其进行举例说明，解释如何电致色窗户如何改变颜色，故答案为A项。
| 35. A smart windows is smart mainly because _____. | 35. 智能窗户智能的主要原因是_____。 | | A. it can change its size B. it can change its structure C. it can change the voltage of electricity D. it has a sort of memory | A. 它可以改变大小 B. 它可以改变其结构 C. 它可以改变电压 D. 它有记忆功能 |
35.D 定位根据题干可定位至第六段。
点睛根据该段第一句“One important feature that makes a smart window so smart is that ithas a sort of “memory””可知，使得智能窗户智能的一个重要特点是它拥有“记忆”，故答案为D项。
避错A、B、C项文中均未提及。
【全文翻译】
智能窗户
窗户能够让阳光照进来，从而节省了照明用电，透过窗子照进来的阳光还能提供热量。但窗户并不是人们一般认为的高科技的东西。研究人员现在正在研究新的技术，使得窗户能简单快速地从透明色变为黑色或者中间的某种颜色。
“我们用了很久的时间才弄清楚窗户到底是什么”，Claes Granqvist说道。他是瑞典乌普萨拉大学研究固体物理的教授。“它是接触外面世界的方式。为了感觉舒适，你必须能看到周围的世界。”所以对于呆在室内的人来说，窗户和自然光对于改善他们的心情非常重要。
但是对于能量和温度的控制，窗户是一栋建筑中的薄弱环节。冬天冷风会透过缝隙进入。热天和晴天，阳光会照射进来。这些阳光都带有热量和能量。这些多余的热量迫使人们打开空调。空调吹出的凉风让人神清气爽，但世界各地建筑里的空调也耗费了大量的电。
很长一段时间以来在能源研究方面窗户是一个主要的焦点。近几年，科学家们提出多种策略来包裹、用玻璃覆盖、将玻璃分层从而使它更加节能。智能窗户则更进一步。他们使用发色技术，其中包括改变颜色。
电致变色窗用电来改变颜色。例如，一片玻璃覆盖几层氧化钨薄层就会像电池一样。氧化钨通电之后是透明的，停止通电则变为黑色，也就是说当电压降低，窗户会变黑，当电流完全没有，它就会完全变为黑色。所以电压决定了窗户看起来是透明的还是黑色的。
使得智能窗户智能的一个重要特征是它有某种“记忆”。只需要一点电压，窗户就能从一种状态变为另一种状态。然后，它会保持在那个状态。这一转变需要十秒到几分钟的时间，这取决于窗户的大小。智能窗户的发展意味着不再需要大型的空调系统。“在未来，”Granqvist说，“我们的建筑可能会看起来与现在不同。”
第二篇 Sports Star Yao Ming
If Yao Ming isnot the biggest sports star in the world, he is almost certainly the tallest.At 2.26m, he is the tallest player in the National Basketball Association (NBA)and holds the record as the most toweringOlympian ever to compete in the Games.
But what reallystands out about the giant center is his celebrity (名气). Few, if any, Chineseathletes are as well-known as Yao around the world. People across the globe arefascinated with Yao, not only for his basketball prowess (杰出的才能) also for being a symbolof international commerce.
When Yao joinedthe Houston Rockets as the No.1 pick in the 2002 NBA draft (选拔), he was the firstinternational player ever to be selected first. His assets on the court areclear enough—no NBAplayer of his size has ever possessed his mobility, so he is a handful (难对付的人) for opponents on eitherend of the court. But what makes Yao invaluable to the Rockets organization ishis role as a global citizen and as a bridge to millions of potentialbasketball fans in China.
When it wasannounced in February that Yao would miss the rest of the NBA season andpossibly the Olympics with a stress fracture (骨折) in his left foot, a collective shudder (震动) spread across China. Afterconsiderable debate and discussion, Yao opted to get his foot surgicallytreated in an operation that placed several tiny screws across the bone, tooffer his overburdened foot more support. The surgery was a success, and thoughthe estimated four-month recovery period will leave him little time to preparewith Team China, Yao has vowed to be ready for the Beijing Olympics.
Yao wrapped up a10-day trip to China, where he underwent a series of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) treatments, hoping to accelerate his recovery process. Western expertsare generally skeptical of TCM’s benefits although new research from the University of Rochester suggests that a certain compound derived from shellfish may indeedstimulate bone repair.
“There is noreason to dismiss TCM,” Yao told a press conference in Beijing. “It’s been usedin our country for thousands of years. I don’t think that it’s short onscience.”
36. The word “towering” in Paragraph 1means _____.
A. large
B. fat
C. tall
D. great
37. Opponents find it very difficult tocontrol Yao Ming because of his _____.
A. mobility
B. assault
C. defense
D. celebrity
38. Yao Ming had to undergo a series of TCMtreatments because _____.
A. his rightfoot had been hurting
B. he wanted tomake a more rapid recovery
C. the surgicaloperation had been a failure
D. he couldn’tafford all the medical expenses
39. Which statement about Yao Ming is NOTtrue?
A. He missed theAthens Olympics.
B. He is an NBAplayer.
C. He fracturedhis left foot.
D. He is aninternational figure.
40. In general, the Western experts’attitude towards TCM is _____.
A. indifferent
B. positive
C. negative
D. doubtful
【答案与解析】
| 36. The word “towering” in Paragraph 1 means _____. | 36. 第一段中“towering”一词的意思是____。 | | A. large B. fat C. tall D. great | A. 大的 B. 胖的 C. 高的 D. 伟大的 |
36.C 点睛文章第一段第一句提到了姚明是最高的。因此第二句中“towering”应该继续指姚明在身高方面的记录，因此本题选C项。towering耸立的；高大的。
| 37. Opponents find it very difficult to control Yao Ming because of his _____. | 37. 对手发现很难控制姚明，因为他的____。 | | A. mobility B. assault C. defense D. celebrity | A. 移动性 B. 攻击 C. 防御 D. 名气 |
37.A 定位根据关键词opponents和difficult to control定位到第三段第二句。
点睛根据第三段第二句中的“no NBA player of his size has everpossessed his mobility”，可知，由于姚明身材高大且移动迅速，他很难对付。因此本题选A项。
避错文章第二段提到了姚明的名气，但是这并不是他很难对付的原因，因此D项不符合题意。B项和C项文中没有提及，因此排除。
| 38. Yao Ming had to undergo a series of TCM treatments because _____. | 38. 姚明必须经受一系列的中医药治疗，因为____。 | | A. his right foot had been hurting B. he wanted to make a more rapid recovery C. the surgical operation had been a failure D. he couldn't afford all the medical expenses | A. 他的右脚已经受伤 B. 他想更快地恢复 C. 手术失败 D. 他不能支付医药费 |
38.B 定位根据关键词a series of TCM treatment定位到最后两段。
点睛根据倒数第二段第一句中的“hoping to accelerate his recoveryprocess”可知，姚明之所以接受中医药治疗是为了快速恢复，因此本题选B项。
避错文章第四段只提到了他的左脚受伤，并且提到了手术成功了，因此A项和C项明显错误。D项文中没有提及，因此排除。
| 39. Which statement about Yao Ming is NOT true? | 39. 关于姚明，哪项表述不正确？ | | A. He missed the Athens Olympics. B. He is an NBA player. C. He fractured his left foot. D. He is an international figure. | A. 他错过了雅典奥运会。 B. 他是一名NBA球员。 C. 他的左脚骨折。 D. 他是一名国际人物。 |
39.A 点睛文章第一段第二句就介绍了姚明是NBA中最高的一名球员，因此B项表述正确。根据文章第二段可知，姚明名气大，是国际商务的一个象征，因此D项与原文表述相符。文章第四段第一句提到了姚明左脚骨折，因此C项表述正确。第四段只提到姚明有可能错过奥运会，并且根据第四段最后一句可知，这里指的是北京奥运会，因此A项表述明显错误。因此本题选A项。
| 40. In general, the Western experts’ attitude towards TCM is _____. | 40. 总体上而言，西方专家对中医药的态度是____。 | | A. indifferent B. positive C. negative D. doubtful | A. 冷漠的 B. 积极的 C. 消极的 D. 怀疑的 |
40.D 定位根据关键词western experts’ attitude和TCM定位到最后两段。
点睛根据倒数第二段最后一句可知，“Western experts are generallyskeptical of TCM’s benefits”，skeptical意思为“怀疑的”，因此本题选D项。
【全文翻译】
体育明星姚明
如果姚明不是世界上最大的体育明星，那他几乎肯定是最高的。身高2.26米，他是美国国家篮球协会（NBA）最高的球员，并且是参加奥林匹克比赛的选手中最高身高的记录保持者。
但是这位巨人真正突出的是他的名气。很少有中国运动员，如果有的话，和姚明一样在全世界有名。全球的人们都对姚明着迷，不仅是因为他的篮球技术杰出，也因为他是国际商务的一个象征。
当姚明在2002年NBA选秀中作为状元加入休斯敦火箭队时，他是第一个被选为状元的国际球员。他在场上的价值显而易见——没有NBA球员像他一样身材高大却移动迅速，所以整个篮球场上攻防两端他都是一个难以对付的对手。但是姚明对火箭队不可估量的作用在于他作为全球公民的角色，以及他成为一座桥梁，连接着数百万的潜在中国篮球迷。
在2月份，当宣布姚明由于左脚压力骨折而将错过NBA剩下的赛季，而且还有可能错过奥林匹克时，整个中国无不震惊。在大量的辩论和讨论后，姚明选择在脚上动一个手术，放置几个小螺丝穿过骨头，从而给他不堪重负的脚更多的支撑。手术是成功的，但预计的四个月的恢复期将给他留下不多的时间来与中国队准备比赛。姚明已经誓言要为北京奥运会做好准备。
姚明结束了一个为期10天的中国之行，在那里他接受了一系列的中医药治疗，希望能加速他的康复过程。西方专家普遍对中药的益处表示怀疑，尽管罗切斯特大学的新研究表明，某些来自贝壳类的化合物确实能刺激骨修复。
“没有理由不用中医药，”姚明在北京的一个新闻发布会上说。“在我们国家中医药已经有几千年的历史了。我认为它并不缺乏科学。”
第三篇 Can You Hear This?
When somethingcreates a sound wave in a room or an auditorium, listeners hear the sound wavedirectly from the source. They also hear the reflections as the sound bouncesoff the walls, floor, and ceiling. These are called the reflected wave orreverberant (反射的)sound, which can be heard even after the sound is no longer coming from thesource.
Thereverberation time of an auditorium is determined by the volume or interiorsize of the auditorium. It is also determined by how well or how poorly thewalls, ceiling, floor, and contents of the room (including the people) absorbsound. There is no ideal reverberation time, because each use of an auditoriumcalls for different reverberation. Speech needs to be understood clearly;therefore rooms used for talking must have a short reverberation time. Thefull-sound performance of music such as Wagner operas or Mahler symphoniesshould have a long reverberation time. The light, rapid musical passages ofBach or Mozart need a reverberation time somewhere between.
Acoustic problems often arecaused by poor auditorium design. Smooth, curved reflecting surfaces createlarge reflections. Parallel (平行的) walls reflect sound back and forth, creating a rapid, repetitivepulsing effect. Large pillars (柱) and corners can cause acoustic shadows as the sound waves try topass around the object. Some of these problems can be solved by using absorbersand reflectors to change the reverberation time of a room. For example, hanginglarge reflectors, called clouds, over the performers will allow some soundfrequencies to reflect and others to pass to achieve a pleasing mixture ofsound.
41.This passage is mainly about _____.
A. sound wavesand their effects
B. the types ofmusic orchestras play
C. walls of anauditorium
D. the design ofan auditorium
42. Wagner operas and Mahler symphonieswith full-sound effect have _____.
A. a shortreverberation time
B. anintermediate reverberation time
C. noreverberation time
D. a longreverberation time
43. This passage suggests that a goodauditorium should _____.
A. get rid ofall reflections
B. not haveabsorbers
C. achieve apleasing mixture of sound
D. have smoothsurfaces
44.Large pillars and corners may _____.
A. make soundrich and full
B. be cures forsound problems
C. be sources ofsound problems
D. function aseffectively as clouds
45. The word “acoustic” in the lastparagraph has something to do with _____.
A. performance
B. sound
C. audience
D. weather
【答案与解析】
| 41. This passage is mainly about _____ | 41. 这篇文章主要是关于_____。 | | A. sound waves and their effects. B. the types of music orchestras play. C. walls of an auditorium. D. the design of an auditorium. | A. 声波及其效果 B. 音乐管弦乐队演奏的类型 C. 礼堂的墙 D. 礼堂的设计 |
41.D 点睛文章第一段讲的是混响声，接下来提到礼堂中不同活动对混响声的要求，最后一段讲的是礼堂的设计对于混响声的影响以及解决措施，综上可知，文章主要是关于礼堂如何设计以达到好的混响声效果，故答案为D项。
避错其余选项均过于片面，偏离文章主题，故排除。
| 42. Wagner operas and Mahler symphonies with full-sound effect have _____ | 42. 需要全方位声音效果的瓦格纳歌剧和马勒交响曲有_____。 | | A. a short reverberation time. B. an intermediate reverberation time. C. no reverberation time. D. a long reverberation time. | A. 短的混响时间 B. 中频混响时间 C. 没有混响时间 D. 很长的混响时间 |
42.D 定位根据题干可定位至文章第二段倒数第二句。
点睛根据文章第二段倒数第二句“The full-sound performance of music such asWagner operas or Mahler symphonies should have a long reverberation time.”可知，它们都需要较长的混响时间，故答案为D项。
| 43. This passage suggests that a good auditorium should _____. | 43. 该文章建议一个好的礼堂应该_____。 | | A. get rid of all reflections B. not have absorbers C. achieve a pleasing mixture of sound D. have smooth surfaces | A. 消掉所有的回声 B. 没有吸收器 C. 形成令人愉悦的声音混合 D. 有着光滑的表面 |
43.C 点睛根据原文第三段可知，礼堂设计不好会出现各种声音的问题，并在最后一句中举例“hanginglarge reflectors…to achieve a pleasing mixture of sound.”因此好的礼堂能够形成令人愉悦的声音混合，故答案为C项。
避错A、B、C项表述均与原文相反，故排除。
| 44. Large pillars and corners may _____. | 44. 大的柱子和角落可能_____。 | | A. make sound rich and full B. be cures for sound problems C. be sources of sound problems D. function as effectively as clouds | A. 使声音全面、丰富 B. 解决声音问题 C. 是声音问题的来源 D. 像云一样有效 |
44.C 定位根据题干定位至最后一段第四句。
点睛最后一段前几句都是举例说明礼堂中一些不好的设计，其中第四句中提到“Large pillars (柱) and corners can cause acousticshadows as the sound waves try to pass around the object.”，因此大的柱子和角落会形成声波死角，对声音效果产生影响，故答案为C项。
避错其余三项都提到它会产生积极影响，与原文不符，故排除。
| 45. The word “acoustic” in the last paragraph has something to do with _____. | 45. 最后一段中单词“acoustic”与_____有关。 | | A. performance B. sound C. audience D. weather | A. 表演 B. 声音 C. 观众 D. 天气 |
45.B 定位根据关键词“acoustic”定位至最后一段。
点睛该段提到的是不好的礼堂设计会影响其内部的混响，因此会产生声音问题，所以这里涉及的声音的问题，acoustic“声学的”，故答案为B项。
【全文翻译】
你能听到这个吗？
当某个东西在房间里或礼堂里发出声波，听众就会直接从它的源头听到该声波。当声音从墙上、地板上和天花板上反弹回来时，他们也能听到其回声。这就被称为反射波或混响声，即使声音不是来自于发声源，也能被听到。
礼堂的混响时间取决于礼堂的容量和内部结构。同样还取决于其墙面、天花板、地板和里面的内容（包括人）吸收声音的能力。没有什么理想的混响时间，因为礼堂的不同用途需要不同的混响。演讲需要讲清楚，因此用于谈话的房间混响时间要短。需要全方位声音效果的瓦格纳歌剧和马勒交响曲应该有较长的混响时间。巴赫或莫扎特轻快的音乐篇章需要的混响时间居于它们之间。
声学问题通常是礼堂设计不良造成的。光滑、弯曲的反射表面会产生大的发射。平行的墙面会导致声音来回反射，形成快速而又重复的脉冲效应。大的柱子和角落会导致声波绕过该物体，形成声波死角。其中一些问题可以通过使用吸收器和反射器改变房间的混响时间来解决。例如，在表演者上方悬挂的称作云的大的反射器会反射一些声频，并让另外的声频绕过，形成令人愉悦的声音混合。
第5部分：补全短文（第46~50题，每题2分，共10分）
下面的短文有五处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。
What Is a Dream?
For centuries,people have wondered about the strange things that they dream about. Somepsychologists say that this nighttime activity of the mind has no specialmeaning. Others, however, think that dreams are an important part of our lives.In fact, many experts believe that dreams can tell us about a person’s mind andemotions.
Before moderntimes, many people thought that dreams contained messages from God. 46
The Austrianpsychologist, Sigmund Freud, was probably the first person to study dreams scientifically.In his famous book, The Interpretation of Dreams (1900), Freud wrotethat dreams are an expression of a person’s wishes. He believed that dreamsallow people to express the feelings, thoughts, and fears that they are afraidto express in real life.
The Swisspsychiatrist Carl Jung was once a student of Freud’s. Jung, however, had adifferent idea about dreams. Jung believed that the purpose of a dream was tocommunicate a message to the dreamer. 47 Forexample, people who dream about falling may learn that they have too high anopinion of themselves. On the other hand, people who dream about being heroesmay learn that they think too little of themselves.
Modern-daypsychologists continue to develop theories about dreams. For example, psychologistWilliam Domhoff from the University of California, Santa Cruz, believes thatdreams are tightly linked to a person’s daily life, thoughts, and behavior. 48
Domhoff believesthat there is a connection between dreams and age. His research shows thatchildren do not dream as much as adults. According to Domhoff, dreaming is amental skill that needs time to develop.
He has alsofound a link between dreams and gender. His studies show that the dreams of menand women are different. 49 This is not true ofwomen’s dreams. Domhoff found this gender difference in the dreams of peoplefrom 11 cultures around the world, including both modern and traditional ones.
Can dreams helpus understand ourselves? Psychologists continue to try to answer this questionin different ways. 50 The dream may havemeaning, but it does not mean that some terrible event will actually takeplace. It’s important to remember that the world of dreams is not the realworld.
A. For example, the people in men’s dreams are often other men, andthe dreams often involve fighting.
B. Men and women dream about different things.
C. A criminal, for example, might dream about crime.
D. However, one thing they agree on is: If you dream that somethingterrible is going to occur, you shouldn’t panic.
E. It was only in the twentieth century that people started to studydreams in a scientific way.
F. He thought people could learn more about themselves by thinkingabout their dreams.
【答案与解析】
46.E 空格前一句讲到在现代时期以前，很多人认为梦包含着来自上帝的旨意，而下一段开始讲弗洛伊德是科学研究梦的第一人，E项起到承上启下的作用，其中in a scientific way与下文中scientifically相呼应。
47.F 该段中提到Jung认为梦是为了告诉做梦者一些信息，之后又举例说明梦见跌倒的人说明他们太自负，而做梦成为英雄的人则太低估自己。因此可以通过做梦来了解自己，F项与之意思相近，故为正确答案。
48.C 心理学家William Domhoff认为梦与一个人的日常生活、想法和行为密切相关。C项是对这一理论进行举例说明，罪犯可能会梦到从事犯罪活动。故C项放在此处恰当。
49.A 空格前提到他的研究表明男人和女人的梦不相同，而空格后则讲“This is not true of women’s dreams”，由此可知空格处讲的是关于男人的梦境，故应选A项。
50.D 空格后面提到梦可能会有意义，但它并不意味着不好的事情真的要发生。D项中讲到，如果你梦到可怕的事情，不要惊慌。与后面的句子连接紧密，语义相承接，故应选D项。
【全文翻译】
梦是什么?
几百年来，人们都对他们梦到的奇异的事情感到疑惑。一些心理学家认为，这种大脑的夜间活动并没有特殊含义，另一些人则认为，梦是生命中重要的一部分。实际上，许多专家认为，梦能揭示人的心理和情感活动。
近代以前，很多人认为梦传递的是上帝的信息。直到20世纪，人们才开始从科学的角度研究梦。
奥地利心理学家西格蒙德·弗洛伊德或许是第一个用科学的方法研究梦的人。在他的著作《梦的解析》(1900)中，弗洛伊德写道，梦是一个人愿望的表达。他认为梦打开了一扇窗，让人们得以表达在生活中不敢表达的情感、思想和恐惧。
瑞士精神病学家卡尔·荣格曾是弗洛伊德的学生，但他对梦的看法与弗洛伊德不同。他认为，梦的作用是给做梦的人传递一种信息，而人们通过自己的梦，可以对自己有一个更深刻的了解。比如，如果一个人梦到从高处坠落，那么他应该反思自己是不是自视过高。反过来，如果梦到自己成了英雄，那么应该想想平时可能太看低自己了。
现代心理学家还在继续发展关于梦的理论，例如，来自位于圣克鲁兹的加利福尼亚大学的威廉·多姆霍夫就是其中一位。他认为，梦境和一个人的日常生活、思想和行为都紧密相关，比方说，一个罪犯就可能梦到犯罪。
多姆霍夫还认为，梦和年龄也有关系。他的研究表明，孩子不像成年人那么多梦。他认为，做梦也是一项心理技能，会随着年龄增长而发展。
多姆霍夫还发现梦和性别之间的关系。通过研究，他发现男性和女性的梦境常常是不同的。例如，在男性梦境中出现的通常是其他男性，而且常与打斗有关，而女性的梦境则不是这样的。多姆霍夫研究了来自全世界11种不同文化的古今案例，得出了上述结论。
梦能帮助我们更好地了解自己吗?心理学家还在尝试通过不同方式来解答这个问题，不过，有一件事他们是意见一致的：如果你梦到有不好的事要发生，不要慌张。梦可能确实有含义，但也不意味着你梦到的糟糕的事真的会发生。要记住，梦中的世界并不是真实的世界。
第6部分：完形填空（第51~65题，每题1分，共15分）
下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。
Warmer Climate Will Bake Tropical Bugs
Global warmingcould cook tropical insects, with unpredictable knock-on effects, sayresearchers who warn that rising temperatures also (51) tropicalfrogs and lizards(蜥蜴).
Temperatures are (52) to increase much faster in temperate (温和的) and polar (极地的) regions than in thetropics. But no-one had looked at how warming would affect insects and othercold-blooded animals (53) had evolved intropical regions with little temperature variation.
Curtis Deutschat the University of California at Los Angeles and colleagues analysed data (54)insect survival and reproduction for 38 species in differentecosystems(生态系统),and then estimated how these values would (55) withpredictions of climate change for the 21st century.
The team foundthat the reproductive (56) of tropical insectstends to peak very close to the temperatures where they normally live, but (57)sharply at higher temperatures. This means that cranking up (提高) the heat only a small amountcan exert a heavy toll, leaving insects unable to reproduce (58)enough to keep up their numbers.
Temperateinsects reproduce well over a broader range, and do not live as (59)to their thermal (热的) limit, so they can reproduce successfully when their climate warmsmore than in the tropics.
“Tropicalinsects do very well in a narrow band of temperatures, but move them above that (60) and they die,” says team member JoshTewksbury of the University of Washington in Seattle.
The heart of the (61) is temperature tolerance. Temperate-zoneinsects have evolved to survive the much broader temperature swings of seasonalclimates than have their tropical relatives.
The (62)appears worse for animals that live in hot stable climate of thelower levels of tropical forests. Lizards in clear areas can find shade to cooldown, but those living in the forest are already in the (63), and there’s not much they can do to get cooler, Deutsch says.
Too few tropicalinsects have been studied so far to (64) if anyparticular group will be particularly hard-hit, says Tewksbury. Insects playimportant (65) in forest ecology (生态学).
The team are nowstarting to evaluate how temperature affects ecological interactions of insectswith other species, including crops such as African corn.
51. A. treat B.threaten C. help D.protect
52. A. demanded B.needed C. promised D.expected
53. A. while B.where C. that D.what
54. A. on B.in C.that D. with
55. A. meet B.spread C. decrease D.change
56. A. rate B.value C. system D.type
57. A. develops B.stops C. rises D.drops
58. A. fast B.typically C. firmly D.jointly
59. A. important B.possible C. close D.necessary
60. A. range B.order C. rank D./
61. A. proposal B.project C. thesis D.problem
62 .A. reason B.cause C. level D.effect
63. A. cave B.shade C.sunshine D. open
64. A. tell B.speak C.wonder D. doubt
65. A. tricks B.roles C. games D. rules
【答案与解析】
51.B 语义辨析题。根据标题中的动词bake，以及该段中的cook可知，这里讲的是全球变暖也会威胁热带的青蛙和蜥蜴，只有B项threaten“威胁”符合句意，故选B项。
52.D 固定搭配题。be expected to预计。这句话表示的是预计温带地区和极地地区的温度比热带地区增长得更快，故应选择D项。
53.C 语法题。空格处缺少关系代词，在定语从句中作主语，因此应填入that或which，故答案为C项。
54.A 介词。该处表示的是关于昆虫生存与繁殖的数据。on在这里表示“关于，有关”，符合句意和语法，故选A项。
55.D 语义辨析题。这些研究人员之后估计了这些数值会随着21世纪气候变化的预测发生怎样的改变。因为是预测，所以不能准确地描述这些数值是上升还是下降，所以change较符合句意，故选D项。
56.A 语义辨析题。这里表示的是热带昆虫的繁殖率，reproductive rate表示的是“繁殖率”。故答案为A项。
57.D 语义辨析题。空格前面提到当温度与热带昆虫平常居住的温度接近时，它们的数量会激增，but表示转折，由此可知在温度高的地方它们的数量会急速下降，故答案为D项。
58.A 语义辨析题。该句提到温度稍微的升高会导致昆虫繁殖速度下降，不能维持它们的数量，这里强调的是速度的下降，故选A项。
59.C 语义辨析题。该段讲的是温带的昆虫在一个很宽的温度区间内繁殖良好，而且不会在接近他们热限值的地方生存。close to接近，靠近。故答案为C项。
60.A 语义辨析题。前一段提到热带昆虫繁殖的很好，该段开始讲热带昆虫适宜繁殖的温度区间很窄，超过这个区间，它们就会死去。根据前一段中的“over a broader range”可知，这里应填入range，故选A项。
61.D 语义辨析题。句意：这个问题的中心在于耐热性。problem问题。故答案为D项。
62.D 语义辨析题。the effect指的是耐热性的影响，这句话表示的是对于生活在持久炎热的热带森林低地的动物来说，耐热性的影响更糟糕，故答案为D项。
63.B 语义辨析题。生活在空旷区域的蜥蜴可以找到树荫处来降温，然而生活在森林中的已经处在树荫处的动物，却没有什么可以降温的方法了，根据上文的“find shade to cool down”可知，应填入shade，故应选B项。
64.A 语义辨析题。句意：目前为止很少有针对热带昆虫的研究来断定是否有特定的群组会遭遇不幸。tell“断定，辨别”，符合句意，故答案为A项。
65.B 固定搭配题。play important roles in在……中起重要作用。句意：昆虫在森林生态中发挥着重要的作用。
【全文翻译】
气候变暖将会炙烤热带昆虫
研究人员称，全球气候变暖会以不可预知的连锁反应烤熟热带昆虫，他们警告说上升的气温也会威胁热带的青蛙和蜥蜴。
预计气温在温带地区和极地地区比热带地区增长得更快。但没有人研究气候变暖将如何影响生长在温度变化极小的热带地区的昆虫和冷血动物。
洛杉矶加利福尼亚大学的CurtisDeutsch和他的同事分析了关于38种处在不同生态系统的昆虫生存与繁殖的数据，并预计了这些数值会随着21世纪气候变化的预测发生怎样的改变。
该研究组发现，当温度与热带昆虫平常居住的温度接近时，它们的繁殖率会激增，但当温度升高时，它们的数量会急速下降。这就意味着稍微地提高温度，就会产生很大的效果，会导致昆虫繁殖速度下降，不能维持它们的数量。
温带的昆虫在一个很宽的温度区间内繁殖良好，而且不会在接近他们的热限值的地方生存，所以当气温升高的幅度大于热带，它们也能成功的进行繁殖。
“适合热带昆虫繁殖的温度区间很窄，超过这个区间，它们就会死去，”该研究组成员西雅图华盛顿大学的Josh Tewksbury说道。
问题的中心在于耐热性。相比热带地区的昆虫，温带地区的昆虫已经进化到能够在随着季节的交替温度区间较宽的环境中生存。
对于生活在持久炎热的热带森林低地的动物来说，耐热性的影响更糟糕。生活在空旷区域的蜥蜴可以找到树荫处来降温，然而生活在森林中已经处在树荫处的，却没有什么可以降温的方法了，Deutsch说道。
Tewksbury说，目前为止很少有针对热带昆虫的研究来断定是否有特定的群组会遭遇不幸。昆虫在森林生态中发挥着重要的作用。
该研究组现在开始着手评估气温如何影响昆虫与其它物种的生态相互作用，其中包括农作物，例如非洲玉米。
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