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目录 封面
内容简介
目录
第1章 写作技巧指南
1.1 考核要求和出题形式
1.2 解题技巧指南
第2章 应用文写作高分范文20篇
◆邀请信
1. 邀请金博士发表演讲 invitation of Dr. King to make a speech
2. 邀请新老师参加非正式聚会 invitation of a new teacher to an informal party
◆致歉信
3. 因错过约会而道歉 apologies for your failure to keep the appointment
◆感谢信
4. 感谢盛情的款待 thanks for generous hospitality
◆建议信
5. 养猫建议 advice on raising a cat
6. 戒烟建议 advice on getting rid of smoking
◆求职信
7. 求职信 A Letter Applying for a Job
8. 申请生产专员的岗位 application for the position of production coordinator
◆投诉信
9. 投诉食堂服务 A Letter to the University President about the Canteen Service on Campus
10. 投诉宿舍管理问题 A Letter to the Dorm Management Office About the Dorm Management
◆推荐信
11. 推荐学生继续学习 a letter to recommend your former student to continue her study
◆询问信
12. 询问留学事宜 inquiry of admission abroad
13. 询问产品的详细情况 inquiry of detailed information of their products
◆拒绝信
14. 婉拒工作邀请 refusal of a job offer
◆通 知
15. 通知参加短期英语口语课程 notice of attending a short-term oral English class
◆备忘录
16. 通知员工参加短途旅行 a memo to notify the staff of a short tour
17. 招募青年志愿者为残疾家庭做家教 a memo of recruiting young volunteers to tutor the children of disabled patents
◆便 笺
18. 给室友的便条 a note to your roommate
◆报 告
19. 工作报告 work report
◆告 示
20. 招聘暑假志愿者a poster of recruiting volunteers
第3章 大作文写作高分范文80篇
◆社会热点类
21. 减轻压力的方法 Ways to Alleviate Stress
22. 毒品问题 On Drugs
23. 空巢老人 The Old in “Empty Nest” Families
24. 网吧需整理 Net-bars Need to Be Put in Order
25. 中国加入WTO和英语学习的关系 The Relationship Between China’s Entry into WTO and English Learning
26. 人口向大城市迁移 The Population migrating to Big Cities
27. 小广告 The Problem of Small Ads
28. 养宠物 On Raising Pets
29. 网恋 Love in the Cyber World
30. 隐私问题 The Problem of Piracy
31. 人口过剩 China’s Overpopulation
32. 微博控 Micro-blog Complex
33. 秒杀一族 Sec-kill Clan
34. 如何阻止盗版产品 What Should We Do to Prevent Pirated Products
35. 恐归族 Home-fear Group
36. 山寨现象 Copycat Culture
37. 假日综合症 Holiday Syndrome
38. 考公务员热 Craze for Civil Service Examinations
39. 收入差距 Income Disparity
40. 虚假广告 False Advertisement
41. 青少年犯罪 Juvenile Delinquency
◆环境保护类
42. 防治环境污染 Pollution Control
43. 低碳生活 Low Carbon Life
44. 如何保护环境 How to protect our environment
45. 水资源短缺 The Shortage of Water Resource
46. 人与自然 Man and Nature
47. 生态旅游 My View on Ecotourism
48. 消失的绿地 Our Disappearing Countryside
49. 地球母亲在呼救 Our Mother Earth is Crying Out for Help
50. 防沙治沙 Combating Desertification
51. 海平面上升 The Sea-level Rise
52. 可持续发展 Sustainable Development
53. 空气污染的危害 Dangers from Air Pollution
◆人生哲理类
54. 保持前行 Keep Moving
55. 财富和健康哪个更重要?Which Is More Important: Wealth or Health?
56. 物质财富不是成功的象征 Material Wealth Is Not a Sign of Success
57. 财富是否等同于快乐? Does Wealth Mean Happiness?
58. 态度决定结果 Attitude or Motivation Decides the Result
59. 逃避还是面对 Flight or Fight
60. 勤奋的重要性 the Importance of Diligence
61. 理解是和谐关系的关键 Understanding Is the Key to a Harmonious Relationship
62. 自信是成功的关键 Self-confidence Is a Key to Success
63. 持之以恒 Perseverance
64. 自信的力量 The Power of Confidence
65. 应该对生活满足 People Should Satisfied with Their Life
◆品质修养类
66. 做好事应该期望得到回报吗?Should One Expect a Reward When Doing a Good Deed?
67. 爱心是一盏灯 Love is a Lamp
68. 竞争与合作 The Relationship Between Competition and Cooperation
69. 雷锋精神 Lei Feng Spirit
70. 献血 Blood Donation
71. 文明——从小事做起 Civilization—A Little Effort Will Work
72. 诚信不可丢 Honesty cannot be Thrown Away
73. 美丽不是表面的 Beauty is not in a facial mode
74. 建立正确的道德观 Build up Correct Moral Values
75. 个性 Individuality
76. 孝道 Filial Piety to Our Parents
77. 落叶归根 Fallen Leaves are Destined to Return to the Root
78. 给予老年人关爱 It Pays to Give the Elderly Love
◆文化教育类
79. 减少校园浪费 Reduce Waste on Campus
80. 大学校园是否应该禁止旅游团参观 Should the University Campus Refuse Tourists?
81. 为什么学生考试作弊? Why Students Are Cheating in Exams?
82. 中西文化冲突 The Conflict Between Chinese and Western Culture
83. 代沟 Generation Gap
84. 邻里关系 Neighborhood Relationship
85. 孩子负担过重 Students are Suffering From Heavy Burden
86. 中国式教育 Chinese Education
87. 学术抄袭 On Academic Plagiarism
88. 教育失衡 Educational Imbalance
89. 互联网促进远程教育 The Internet Facilitates Distance Education
90. 热门专业与冷门专业 Popular Majors vs Unpopular Majors
91. 沉重的家庭作业负担 Heavy Burden of Homework
92. 文化冲击 On Culture Shock
93. 如何学习美国文化 How do I study American Culture
94. 素质教育 On Quality-oriented Education
95. 出国留学 Study Abroad
◆工作就业类
96. 去二三线城市 Go to the Sub-ordinate Cities
97. 人才外流 MY View on Brain Drain
98. 工作和娱乐 Work and Play
99. 选择一项工作 Choosing a Job
100. 下岗工人再就业问题 Reemployment of Laid-off Workers
内容简介
目前在我国硕士研究生入学考试中“单考英语”考试科目没有采取全国统考的方式,没有统一的考试大纲,而是采取各招生院校自行命题、自行组织考试的办法,但是各校的考试要求、命题特点大同小异,一些学校的试题类型、内容难易程度都非常相似,因此,研究一些学校的考研试题非常有价值。我们参照一些名校单考英语硕士研究生入学考试大纲和要求,认真研究了一些高校考研科目“单考英语”真题,精心编著了“单考英语”辅导系列丛书。
《单考英语考研高分范文100篇》是一本旨在提高考研英语写作水平的复习资料。本书总共精选了100篇经典范文,其中包括20篇应用文写作范文、80篇作文范文。本书中提供的范文无论是命题还是形式都高度仿真,而且立意新颖、语言地道、表达充分、句式多样。另外,在全面解读命题趋势和历年真题的基础上,本书将20篇应用文写作范文分为14类,如邀请信、致歉信、感谢信、建议信、求职信、投诉信、备忘录、通知、便笺等等,同时将80篇经典范文分为6大类,如社会热点类、环境保护类、人生哲理类、文化教育类和工作就业类,几乎涵盖了单考英语写作的所有话题。
本书不仅有经典范文,而且还有对范文的分析、精选重点词汇、词组和句型,归纳出了单考英语考研写作常用词汇、谚语警句和句型,帮助考生开拓思路,迅速积累各种素材,活学活用。
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第1章 写作技巧指南
1.1 考核要求和出题形式
1.单考英语写作部分考核要求
对于“单考英语”,全国各大院校自主命题,而且各院校的考核要求水平也有差异,所以没有相应的考试大纲来说明其考核要求。通过分析各大院校的单考英语历年试题,可看出单考英语大致相当于大学公共英语四、六级水平,而且,单考英语历年试题中有些是出自四、六级考试的真题,有些是出自英语专业四级考试真题(大致相当于公共英语六级水平),还有些是出自考研英语真题,虽然比重不大,但从此可看出目前高校对考生单考英语的大体要求,下面根据大学英语四、六级考试大纲以及非英语专业本科生《大学英语课程教学要求》,对“单考英语”的写作部分考核要求归纳如下:
写作方面,主要测试考生用英语表达思想或传递信息的能力及对英文写作基础知识的实际运用。写作要求切题,能正确表达思想,内容连贯,思路清晰,语言通顺。
2.出题形式
写作题出题形式一般为根据所给出的图画或Topic,写一篇作文,体裁多是一般性描写文,议论文。字数要求不一,多的400词左右,低的100词左右。有的院校还会涉及到简单日常书信和电邮等应用文的写作。
1.2 解题技巧指南
I. 应用文写作
有的院校“单考英语”写作会考查考生应用文写作的能力。在应用文中又主要包括书信、便条、请假条等。
1.信件写作
书信是日常生活中常用的文体,是用以交涉事宜、传达信息、交流思想、联络感情、增进了解的重要工具。书信一般可分为商务信件或公函(Business Letter or Official Correspondence)和私人信件(Private Letter)两大类。
(1) 写作格式
①称呼
称呼要顶格写,后加逗号。如“Dear Li Ming,”。
②正文三段走
正文每段空四个字节。一般分为三段,其中首段用于表明写作目的,也可以加上寒暄。一般不超过一两句话。以免显得罗嗦并占用过多字数。第二段用于对事实展开叙述,是文章的重点部分。第三段用于表达期望,也不超过一两句话。具体列举如下,表中规定的各段内容仅是一般情况,并非绝对,考生可根据具体情况进行调整。
信件类别 | 首段 | 第二段 | 尾端 | 道歉信 | 表示歉意 | 道歉的原由;出现差错的原因;提出弥补措施 | 请求原谅 | 建议信 | 表达提建议的意图和针对点 | 在肯定优点的基础上提出自己的建议或看法 | 表达希望采纳建议 | 求助信/询问信 | 表达求助或询问的写信意图 | 要寻求什么样的帮助或信息;然后就某一具体问题进行询问 | 表明获取帮助或信息的急切心情。可以提供联系方式以便收信人与你联系,并表达感谢之情。 | 邀请信 | 发出邀请 | 说明邀请对方做什么事;说明活动时间和地点 | 表达期待或感谢之情 | 感谢信 | 表达感谢并说明感谢原因 | 对方的帮助给自己带来的好处 | 再次感谢并表达回报愿望 | 投诉信 | 投诉的原因并表示遗憾 | 实事求是地阐述问题发生的经过;指出问题引起的后果 | 提出批评及处理的意见或敦促对方采取措施或者提出所希望的赔偿以及补救方式 | 推荐信 | 表明推荐意愿和推荐职位等 | 说明推荐人与被荐人的关系,熟识程度等;概述被荐人的品质、能力、性格等 | 建议招聘人录用 | 求职信 | 阐述招聘信息的来源,所申请的职位 | 简述个人信息,进一步强调自己的能力,表达抱负,并请求给予面试机会 | 希望得到面试的机会,并且告诉对方你的联系方式。 | ③敬语和署名
署名要与正文间隔一行,顶格写,后加逗号。署名要在敬语之后,同敬语间隔一行,也是顶格写。不同的称呼要用不同的署名,其选择根据熟识程度和信件的正式程度而定。常用的有:
◆Dear Sir orMadam———Yours faithfully
◆Dear Mr. / Mrs. /Miss / Ms Smith———Yours sincerely
◆Dear John———Bestwishes (私人关系比较亲密)
下面是一个道歉信的例子:
Directions: You have just come backfrom Canada and found a music CD in your luggage that you forgot to return toBob, your landlord there. Write him a letter to
1) make an apology, and
2) suggest a solution.
You should writeabout 100 words on ANSWER SHEET2.
Do not sign yourown name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead.
Do not write theaddress.
【参考范文】
Dear Bob,
I amwriting to express my apology to you.
Severaldays ago, I borrowed your music CD when I lived in your house. Unfortunately,after I came back from Canada, I found it in my luggage. I was in such a hurrythat I forgot to return it to you. I will send it to you by post or express assoon as possible. If necessary, I will compensate for any troubles it maycause.
Onceagain, I feel so sorry for any inconvenience caused. Please accept myapologies.
Sincerelyyours,
Li Ming
解析:从格式来讲,称呼语顶格写,加逗号,正文三段走,各空四个字节,敬语和署名间隔一行,顶格写。可见格式没有错误。从内容来讲,首段表示致歉的目的,第二段说明致歉原因,出现差错的缘由并提出弥补措施,尾段再次致歉并请求原谅,内容结构清晰,遣词造句简洁,语气诚恳,符合致歉信的要求。
(2) 常考信件的写作种类
常考的信函有:求职信、投诉信、感谢信、祝贺信、邀请信、建议信等。
1) 求职信
求职信一般包括:首先要阐述招聘信息的来源以及所申请的职位;其次简述个人信息;然后进一步强调自己的能力,表达抱负,并请求给予面试机会;最后提出自己的希望,希望得到面试的机会,并且告诉对方你的联系方式。
◎求职信常用句式:
① 开场白
开场白最好开门见山,直接写明写此信的目的,避免不必要的客套。常用句型有:
I'm writing toapply for the position of …advertised in today's Shanghai Daily.
In replying toyour advertisement in today's Shanghai Daily, I am applying for the position of…
In/Throughtoday's newspaper I noticed your advertisement for ... /I have learned that youare hiring…
I would like toapply for/to be considered as a candidate for the job/ post/ positionadvertised in… / I saw advertised in / I have just seen in the …
②正文
写求职信就是在推销自己,言辞必须具有说服力,能打动对方。因此在正文中,考生需要强调自己的优点、长处,如学历、工作经历等,来证明自己就是对方希望招聘的人员。但切忌过分夸张。常用句型有:
My workingexperience includes ….
I feel I am wellqualified to… for the following reasons…
I haveexperience of…, therefore I have the ability you are looking for.
③结尾
最后,文章结尾可写一些希望参加面试并请求对方尽快答复等客套话。常用句型有:
If myapplication is successful, I should /would like to...
I am availablefor a personal interview if you are interested in my application.
I wouldappreciate an interview at your convenience.
If these meetyour requirements, please grant me an interview. I look forward to your earlyreply.
May I discuss myqualifications more fully with you at some time convenient to you? Please call(021)632-8976 at any time.
例:
TemporaryHotel Receptionist
Pleasantmediate-sized hotel at the heart of Cambridge seeks a young person withpleasant personality to assist the reception office.
Previousexperience an advantage but not essential.
Acknowledge ofat least one foreign language.
The name of thehotel
Write anapplication letter to the hotel manager to apply the position. The letter mustinclude the following two points:
The reason thatyou apply
Ask for theinterview
At the end ofthe letter, don't write your own name and use "Li Li" instead.
【解析】
(1) 仔细阅读该广告;
(2) 明确招聘单位对应聘者的要求;
(3) 假定自己就是应聘者,对照自身情况,看是否符合要求。尤其注意从技能(Skills)、专长(Specialty)、所受过的职业训练(Training)、工作经验(Experience)和教育背景(Educational Background)等几方面作自我评估,寻找两者相吻合的地方。
【范文】
Dear Sir or Madam,
I am writing toapply the position of temporary hotel receptionist you advertised.
I am a Chinesestudent in Cambridge University. I’d like to do some temporary job to releasethe financial burden of my parents. I consider the position you provide as thebest choice. My easygoing and enthusiastic character allows me to be a goodreceptionist. Being excellent in Chinese and fluent in English, I believe Ihave no difficulty in communicating with the guests.
I wouldappreciate an interview at your convenience. Please feel free to call me at 13572919521.
Thank you foryour time. I’m looking forward to hearing from you.
Sincerelyyours,
Li Li
2) 投诉信
投诉信的内容通常包括:说明投诉的原因并表示遗憾;实事求是地阐述问题发生的经过;指出问题引起的后果;提出批评及处理的意见或敦促对方采取措施或者提出所希望的赔偿以及补救方式。
◎常用句式:
I cannot put upwith/stand/tolerate…
I am now writingto complain about...
I regret toinform you that...
Recently, I havediscovered that...
First of all,...Moreover, ...Worst of all, ...
I am totallyupset with…
To remove ourmisunderstanding, you are supposed to take immediate actions.
To compensatefor my loss, you are required to do...
It is imperativethat some timely steps should be taken to...
I feel somethingought to be done about it.
例:
Directions: Your TV set broke downonly one week after it was bought. Write a letter of complaint to the storewhere your TV set was bought.
(1) to expresswhat is wrong with your TV set
(2) to make yourrequest (change for a new one, or return the broken one…)
(3) to urge thestore to give an early reply
You should writeapproximately 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of your letter.Use “Wang Lin” instead. You do not need to write the address and the date.
【范文】
Dear Sir or Madam,
Last week Ibought a TV set in your store. Much to my surprise, it broke down yesterday.There must be something wrong with it. To solve the problem, I’d like you toreturn my money back, or change a new set for me.
I’m lookingforward to your early reply and a resolution to this problem and I’ll wait fora reasonable amount of time before taking this matter further. Thank you foryour time.
Sincerelyyours,
WangLin
3) 感谢信
感谢信通常包括:表达感谢之情并说明原因;对方的帮助给自己带来的好处;再次感谢并表达回报愿望。
◎常用句型:
I am writing tothank you for…
Yourprofessional treatment and care really impressed me.
I enjoy myselfduring my stay in…
I was deeplymoved by your sincerity.
But for yourencouragement, I could not have recovered so soon.
In order torepay your kindness, I would like to invite you to…
I hope to haveall opportunity to reciprocate your generosity.
I wish therewere a better word than “thanks” to express my gratitude for your unselfishhelp.
Many thanks foryour kindness and hospitality again.
4) 祝贺信
祝贺信一般包括:点明要祝贺的事情并向对方道贺;详述祝贺的事情;再次祝贺或表示祝福、期待等。
5) 邀请信
邀请信通常包括:发出邀请;说明邀请对方做什么事;说明活动时间和地点;表达期待或感谢之情。
◎常用句型有:
We would like toinvite you to…
We should bevery pleased if you could…
We should bedelighted if you could…
Thank you (verymuch) for your (kind) invitation to…
It was very kindof you to invite me to…
I was delightedto receive your invitation to…
I would be verypleased to / delighted to…
Unfortunately,due to…, I am unable to…
6) 建议信
建议信是对收信人就某一问题提出看法、建议或忠告。建议信一般包括:首先说明写信的目的,其次,在肯定优点的基础上提出自己的建议或看法(否则别人以为你在投诉,而不是在提建议),最后表达希望采纳建议。写建议信时一定要注意礼貌当先。
例:Directions: Write alitter to your university library, making suggestions for improving itsservice.
You should writeabout 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.
Do not sign yourown name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead.
Do not write theaddress.
【范文】
To Whom it May Concern,
As a student ofthis university, I would like to take the opportunity to express myappreciation for your kind assistance. Meanwhile, I feel that it would bebeneficial to express my views concerning the quality of the library service.
Firstly, I findthat most keyboards of the library computers are in poor operation, whichbrings much inconvenience to the users. I would also recommend the library toimprove the efficiency of purchasing new books and subscribing to academicjournals. Last but not least, the study rooms need to be furnished with abetter lighting system.
I hope that youwould take my suggestions into serious consideration.
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
2.告示类应用文
(1) 格式
告示类应用文要求第一行正中应写明告示标题,另起一行写正文,正文部分省略称呼,最后落款右对齐署上单位名称。
这里特别要注意的是两个问题:一是标题,二是时态。告示类应用文的标题非常重要,要求点明需要告示的主旨,一般为词组性短评,基本结构如:名词+过去分词,如:Contribution Wanted(征稿启示),Child Lost(寻子启事);现在分词+名词,如: Looking for a spouse(征偶启事), Exchanging House(换房启事);介词结构,如: For an Exchangeof Jobs(换工作启事);名词结构,Invitation for Bids如(招标启事),Conditions for Car Rentals(租车注意事项),Notice of Dismissal(免职通知),Notice of a Decision(决定通知),Christmas Clearance Sales(圣诞节清仓大甩卖)。告示的正文时态以现在时和将来时为主。
(2) 常用句型
告示类应用文如通知、启事、便条等常用以下句型开头:
So and so has/have the pleasure to announce/notice...
So and so is/are requested to note that...
So and so takes pleasure in announcing that...
So and so has/have the honor to announce...
Your attention, please...
May I have your attention, please?...
It is hereby proclaimed/announced/noted/made public that...
This is to notify/notice/announce that...
It has been decided that...
Under the auspices of..., so and so will organize/hold a...match/competition/contest between...and...on...
Under the auspices of..., a report/lecture/seminaron...will be given by...on...
Due to/owing to/because of/in order to..., we beg toinform...that...
So and so is/are authorized to invite/announce/declarethat...
Directions:
You are supposed to write for thepostgraduate association a notice to recruit volunteers for an internationalconference on globalization, you should conclude the basic qualification ofapplicant and the other information you think relative. You should write about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of theletter. Use “postgraduate association” instead.
Recruitment Announcement
Volunteers forthe International Conference of Global Integration are wanted. Anyone who is ingood command of English and experienced in cross-cultural communication areexpected to take part in this activity. The major task for this position are asfollows: to begin with, to propaganda the theme of globalization to people allover the world; in addition, to provide E-C interpretation service to thoserepresentatives of the international conference, aiming at facilitating theprocess of the meeting; at last, you should be strictly available according tothe time schedule of the conference. Those who are interested in this post arecordially welcome!
Postgraduates’Association
解析:这是一个招聘启事,标题简洁,层次清晰。开篇点出启事目的,接下来介绍了对志愿者的要求和工作内容,最后表达欢迎大家加入的意愿。落款要求在题目中给出,是组织名称。
II. 大作文写作
短文写作包括图画类作文和提纲类作文。
(1)图画类作文
图画作文要求考生通过观察、分析图画(图片、漫画、照片等)得出观点,并展开叙述。其结构变化多,形式灵活,因此难度很大。
通过分析“单考英语”考研真题的写作,我们发现图画类作文的结构还是有规律可循的:基本上都呈现为“现象或问题——原因解释——解决办法”这样的模式,但变化非常多。
①段落设置
图画作文的写作可遵循以下提纲:描述图画;推导绘画者的意图;做出评论。
第一段:图画描述
◆总体描述:包括人物/动物/事物以及动作和环境等
◆挖掘细节词、串连成句
◆文字说明/象征寓意
第二段:意义阐释
◆主题句:点名象征寓意
◆论证:包括因果论证或举例论证等方式
◆联系现实:图画作文创作原则是以小见大,把握象征寓意,个体想为群体,具体想为抽象
第三段:建议措施
◆结论句
◆针对双方提建议
◆包装结尾、展望未来
②写作步骤
◆认真分析图画信息
◆结合提示文字,分析画面寓意
◆结合题目指导,规划文章结构
③注意问题
◆充分想象,突出主次
图画作文所给的图中每一个符号的设置都自有其道理,不应该忽略,在描述时应紧扣画面充分运用想象力把画面扩展成一个故事或某一特定事件或某一情景。但在描述时不能面面俱到,写成流水账,必须要分清画面所展示内容的主次,对主要的方面要详写,次要的方面要略写,甚至不写。一笔带过。
◆遵循顺序,有条不紊
写作中必须遵循一定的法则顺序,或围绕主题,或按照时间顺序,或按照地理空间顺序。如果是描述景物,可从上到下或从下到上,也可从左到右或从右到左,由远至近或由近至远,进行全面地描述。如果描述人物事件,可以以被观察者为对象,以作者或读者为基准点进行解说,反之亦然。
(2)提纲作文
提纲式作文为考生提供了题目和一个简单的写作提纲,从而将考生的写作控制在一定范围内。这类作文主要考查的内容一般包括:说明主题、分析原因或解释做法。
①写作步骤:
a. 认真研究所给提纲或提示信息。
考生要仔细领会提纲的含义,不能遗漏提纲要点,更不能错误理解提纲的意思。
b. 确定各段的主题句
考生应根据所给提纲写出各段的主题句,合格的主题句应具备以下要点:
◆意义完整
◆表意清晰
◆内容具体
◆用词贴切
c. 逐步展开段落
段落写作应围绕自己列好的主题句进行,在写作过程中可稍加调整。
d. 检查与修改
检查考题所给提纲是否完整且准确地被表达于文章之中,如有偏差,应做出相应的修改。
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