judge
| 词义
| ① 法官，审判员
②（比赛的）裁判员，评判员
③ ［常用单数］ a person who has the necessary knowledge or skills to give their opinions about the value or qualities of sth 鉴定人，鉴赏家
④ to form or give an opinion about sb/sth 判断，评价［+(sb/sth) by sth, +sb/sth on sth, +sb/sth (to be) sth, +sb/sth+a., +that, +wh-］ ［近evaluate, suppose, valuate］
⑤
to guess the size, amount etc of sth 猜测，估计
［+sb/sth to be sth，+wh-］ ［近estimate］
⑥ to decide on the result of a competition; to be the judge in a competition 裁判 ［+sb on sth］；担任裁判
⑦ to decide whether sb is guilty or innocent in a court of law 审理，判决 ［+sth，+sb+a.］
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例句
| ...their superiors, who judge their behavior, sociability, capacity to get along, etc ……评价他们的行为、社交能力、为人能力等等的上司……(1993阅读Text 2)
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judg(e)ment
| 词义
| ① the ability to make decisions after carefully considering the situations 识别力；判断力
② an opinion that you form after thinking carefully about sth; the act of making this opinion known to others（仔细考虑之后形成的）看法；判断，评价 ［+of/about/on sth］
③ an official decision given by a judge or a court of law（法官或法庭的）审判，判决
④［C，常用单数］sth bad that happens to sb that is thought to be a punishment 报应，天谴 ［+(on sth)］
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judicial
| 词义
| ① connected with a court of law, judges, or their decisions 法庭的；法官的；审判的；司法的
② sensible and able to judge things wisely 公正明断的，考虑缜密的
［近critical，impartial］
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prejudice
| 词义
| ① an unreasonable dislike or preference for a person, group, custom etc, esp. when it is based on their race, religion, sex etc（尤指种族、宗教或性别等上的）偏见，歧视 ［+against sb/sth］ ［近bias, discrimination］
② to influence sb so that they have an unfair or unreasonable opinion about sb or sth使有偏见，使不公正地偏向
［+sb against sb/sth，+sb/sth in sb's favor］
③ to have a harmful effect on sth 损害，不利于
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例句
| ...to get over their outdated anti-colonial prejudices with respect to foreign investment ……克服对外国投资所持的过时了的反殖民主义偏见（2001阅读Text 2）
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adjust
| 词义
| ① to change sth slightly to make it more suitable for a new set of conditions or to make it work better 调整，调节；整理 ［+sth to sth］
② to get used to a new situation by changing the way you behave and/or think 适应，使适合 ［+to sth/ doing sth，+oneself to sth］
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例句
| Because they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges... 因为青少年正在适应新的身体状况、心智和情感方面的诸多挑战……(2003 知识运用)
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just
| 词义
| ① exactly正好，恰好［+(like/what/as)］
② simply; only只是，仅仅，只不过
③（又作only just）by a small amount勉强，刚好
④ a short time ago; at the moment刚才；现在，眼下
⑤ going to do sth only a few moments from now or then 正要，马上就
［+about/going to do sth］
⑥ used to get sbs attention, make a polite request, excuse etc, or to firmly tell sb to do sth （用于引起注意，礼貌地提出请求、表示歉意等，或严厉地告诉某人做某事）请，就 (Just help yourself! 请大家随便吃)
⑦ really; completely 确实，完全
⑧ morally right and fair正义的，公正的，正当的
⑨ appropriate in a particular situation合适的，恰当的
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justice
| 词义
| ① the fair treatment of people; the quality of being fair or reasonable 正义，公平；公道，合理（性）
② the legal system used to punish people who have committed crimes 司法制度；法律制裁
③ 法官；（用于名字前）高等法院法官的头衔
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例句
| On the one hand, it provides opportunities to analyze such ideas as justice, democracy and freedom.一方面，它为分析像公正、民主以及自由这样的概念提供机会。（2007 翻译）
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justify
| 词义
| ① to give an acceptable explanation or excuse for sth or for doing sth 对……做出解释，为……辩护
［+sth/onself to sb，+doing sth，+sb/sth doing sth］
② to show that sb/sth is right or reasonable 证明……正确或有理
［+sth，+doing sth，+sb/sth doing sth］
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例句
| ...too often offer aggressive treatment far beyond what is scientifically justified. ……常常采用极端大胆的治疗方法，这些方法远远超出了科学能够认同的界限。（2003阅读Text 4）
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jury
| 词义
| ① a group of 12 ordinary people who listen to details of a case in court and decide whether sb is guilty or not 陪审团
② a group of people chosen to judge a competition（竞赛的）评判或裁判委员会
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例句
| The jury agreed that the nature of the game, not the helmet, was the reason for the athlete's injury. 陪审团也认为造成该运动员受伤的是这项运动本身的危险性，而不是头盔。（1999阅读 Text 1）
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injure
| 词义
| to cause physical harm to sb or to yourself; to damage sb's reputation, pride etc（尤指在事故中）使受伤；伤害（名誉，自尊等）
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collaborate
| 词义
| ① to work together with sb in order to produce or achieve sth (尤指在科学或艺术方面)合作，协作 ［+(with sb) (on sth)，+to do sth，+(with sb) (in sth/doing sth)］ ［近cooperate］
② to help the enemy who has taken control of your country during a war 通敌，(与占领者)勾结［+(with sb)］
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例句
| like difficulty in communicating well or collaborating 比如在与人交流或合作方面存在的困难（2007阅读Part B）
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elaborate
| 词义
| ① to explain or describe sth in a more detailed way 详尽说明；阐述
［+(on/upon sth), +sth］
② to develop a plan, an idea etc and make it complicated or detailed 详细制订，精心制作
③ very detailed and complicated; carefully prepared and organized 详尽的，复杂的；精心制作的 ［近complicate, complex, intricate, sophisticated］
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例句
| ...Italian politicians tend to elaborate speech that would seem oldfashioned to most English-speakers 意大利的政客们往往精心准备演讲，即使这在大多数讲英语的人们眼里已经过时（2005阅读Text 4）
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lab / laboratory
| 词义
| 实验室，实验楼
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labo(u)r
| 词义
| ①［常用复数］ effort or work, esp. physical work; a task or period of work (尤指体力)劳动；任务，(一段时间的)工作
② the people who work or are available for work in a country or company 劳工，劳力
③［常用复数］ the period of time or the process of giving birth to a baby分娩（期）
④ to do hard physical work 干苦力活
⑤ to move or turn slowly and with difficulty 困难吃力地行进或运转
⑥ (又作~ away)to try very hard to do sth difficult 努力做(困难的事)
［+over sth，+to do sth］ ［近bear down, strive, struggle］
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例句
| the modern world is increasingly populated by intelligent gizmos whose presence we barely notice, but whose universal existence has removed much human labor.……现代世界充斥着越来越多的智能仪器，虽然我们几乎都注意不到它们，但它们的普遍存在却减少了大量人类劳力。（2002阅读Text 2）
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collapse
| 词义
| ① to fall down or fall in suddenly, esp. after breaking apart 倒塌，坍塌
［近give way］
② (of a person) to fall down and usu. become unconscious because of illness etc, or to suddenly sit down, esp. after working hard（指人）（因病、累等）突然倒下，坐下；晕倒
③ to fail suddenly or completely (系统、观点或组织)崩溃，瓦解
④to decrease suddenly in amount or value突然贬值［近break down］
⑤
to fold sth into a compact shape; to be able to be folded in this way （可）折叠，套缩
［用单数］⑥ (建筑物等)突然倒塌；（系统、观点、组织等）崩溃，瓦解，垮掉
⑦（因突发疾病而导致的）昏迷，昏倒
⑧突然贬值，暴跌
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elapse
| 词义
| ［通常不用进行时］ if a particular period of time elapses, it passes（时间）流逝，过去
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lapse
| 词义
| ① a small mistake, esp. one that is caused by forgetting sth or by being careless疏忽大意，失误；记错，忘却 ［+in sth，+of sth］
② an example or period of bad behaviour from sb who normally behaves well (一时的)行为失检，失足
③ ［常用单数］ a period of time between two events (两事件间的)时间间隔 ［近interval］
④ to gradually become weaker or come to an end 衰退，减弱；逐渐消失，结束 ［近cease, descend］
⑤ (of an agreement, legal right etc) to be no longer valid because the period of time that it lasts has come to an end （协议、合法权利等的）失效，期满终止
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