<考研词汇辨析一网打尽>
这是我以前听王文轲老师的英语班他给的资料
希望对大家有用
祝大家考研顺利
不好意思,不能上传附件,只能原文copy
字数太多只能发多贴
正文
考研必考词汇辨析 (二)
certify, rectify, testify, verify
这是一组形近易混词。
certify v.证明,声称是真的。
He certified it was his wife's handwriting.他证明那是他妻子的手迹。
rectify v.改正,纠正;整顿。
He rectified the mistake in the contract by changing its wording.他通过改变措辞纠正了合同里的错。
testify v. (在法庭上)宣誓作证;表明。
He is the only person who can testify in this case, because the other witnesses were killed mysteriously.由于其他的证人已经被神秘地杀害,他成为这件案例中唯一可以作证的人。
verify v. (用事实)证实或核实。
I verified the store's address by calling to check it.我打电话询问,以核实商店的地址。
compel, constrain, force, oblige
这一组动词都有"强迫"的意思。
compel v.强迫,迫使,常表示运用权利、力量迫使对方做某事;有时也表示"别无办法,不得不做"。
His illness compelled him to stay in bed.他的病迫使他卧床休息。
constrain v.力劝,强迫,与compel意思相近,但更多强调内心情感(如道德、怜悯等)的强迫和限制作用,一般用于正式的场合。
As an artist he didn't consider himself constrained by the same rules of social conduct as other people.他认为自己是艺术家,不必象一般人那样要受到社会行为准则的约束。
force v.强迫,迫使,暴力威胁的意味较浓,常用于被动语态。
The thief forced her to hand over the money.强盗逼迫她把钱交出来。
oblige v. (因法律、习俗等)强迫,迫使,常常用于被动。
We are obliged to stop the car at a red light.我们遇到红灯时必须停车。
考研必考词汇辨析一网打尽(下)
complaint, disorder
这两个词都有"疾病"的意思。
complaint n.疾病(主要指病人去看病时向医生描述的病症,既可以是小病、慢性病,也可以是传染性疾病);抱怨,埋怨,不满。
a heart complaint心脏病
disorder n. (精神或肉体的)疾病(着重于身心、机能的失调、不平衡);骚乱,动乱;混乱,杂乱。
a disorder of the digestive system消化系统疾病
complement, supplement,append
这三个名词都有"补充"的意思。
complement n.补充,补充物,主要指补充不足使之完美。
Rice makes an excellent complement to a curry dish.有咖喱的菜配米饭最棒。
supplement n.增补,补充,补贴,主要指另外补加,增补。
One year after we made our report, we had to add a supplement to cover new events.我们在报告完成一年之后,必须增补一个包含新事件的附加部分。
append n.附加,添上或补充某事物(尤指文字)。
The lawyer appended two more pages to the contract.律师在合同后又附加了两页。
component, element, factor, ingredient
这一组名词都有"组成成分"的意思。
component n.零部件;(某事物的)组成部分;成分。
Tires, the engine, the body, and the seats are component of a car.轮胎,引擎,车身以及坐椅都是一辆汽车的零部件。
element n.元素;组成部分,方面;某特定类型的人或群体,分子。
The elements hydrogen and oxygen combine to form water.氢元素和氧元素构成了水。
He belongs to a bad element in this city.他属于这个城市的坏分子。
factor n.因素,要素,侧重指原因。
Endurance is an important factor in success in sports.耐力是体育比赛成功的一个重要因素。
ingredient n.原料,成分,要素。
Flour, milk, butter and yeast are some ingredients in bread.面粉、牛奶、黄油和酵母是做面包的一些原料。
comprise, compose, consist, constitute, include
这一组动词都有"组成,包含"的意思。
comprise v.包含,包括,由……组成(整体);组成,构成。
Our company's product line comprises 2,500 different items.我们公司的生产线是由2,500个不同的组成部分构成的。
compose v.构成(整体),组成;由……组成(后接of,常用于被动语态);创作(作曲、诗歌等)。
The committee was composed mainly of teachers and parents.委员会主要由教师和学生家长组成。
consist v.组成,构成,由……组成(后接of,常用于主动语态);(后接in)在于,存在于。
The problem consists of two parts.问题由两部分组成。
The beauty of the plan consists in its simplicity.这计划的好处就在于简单易行。
constitute v.构成,组成(整体)。
Crime and illegal drugs constitute the city's major problems.犯罪和非法毒品买卖是这个城市面临的主要问题。
include v.包括,包含,把……列入。
The conference delegates included representatives from abroad.大会代表中有来自海外的代表。
concentrate, focus
这两个动词都有"集中"的意思。
concentrate v.集中,集中精力(后接on,宾语可以是具体或抽象的东西);浓缩,压缩。
During exams, students concentrate hard on answering the questions.考试期间,同学们集中精力回答问题。
focus v.集中(于某事物);将(注意力等)集中于……(后接on,宾语一般不是具体的东西)。
Please focus your minds on the following problem.请集中考虑以下问题。
confinement, limitation, restraint
这一组名词都有"限制,局限"的意思。
confinement n.限制,囚禁(于某地或某种境地)。
The prisoner was sentenced to three months' solitary confinement.那犯人被判处单独监禁三个月。
limitation n.限制,局限;(能力的)缺点,弱点。
That employee has limitations on what work he can do.那个雇员能做的工作有限。
restraint n.克制,抑制;约束措施。
Even though the mother was very angry, she acted with restraint and didn't yell at her child.即使母亲很生气,她仍克制自己没有向孩子大吼。
considerable, considerate
这是一对形近易混的形容词。
considerable a.相当大的,相当多的;值得考虑的。
That family owns a considerable amount of land.那个家族拥有大量的土地。
considerate a.考虑周到的,体贴的,后面常跟of结构。
He is always considerate of others; he is kind and sympathetic.他总是很体谅别人,他很慈善并且富有同情心。
conserve, preserve, reserve
这是一组形近易混词,且都有"保存"的意思。
conserve v.保存,保藏,保护(强调节约)。
In winter, some people conserve energy by lowing the heat at night.冬天,为节约能源有些人在夜里把暖气调小。
preserve v.保护;维持;保养;防止(食物)腐败(强调使不受破坏)。
The government preserves the rights of the individual person.政府保护个人的权利不受侵犯。
reserve v.保留,储备(强调为某一特殊目的);订(座位),预定。
We are reserving these seats for my parents.我们把这些座位留给我的父母。
continual, continuous, constant, incessant
这一组形容词都有"不断的,不停的"的意思。
continual a.连续不断的;频繁的。表示时断时续的发生。
That dog's barking is a continual annoyance.那条狗不停地叫,真是烦死人了。
continuous a.不停的,连续不断的,强调中间不停顿。
Our homes and offices need a continuous supply of electricity.我们的家庭以及办公室需要不间断的供电。
constant a.不断的,经常的,强调始终如一地经常出现。
Everything in the universe is in constant motion.宇宙中的万物都在不断地运动。
incessant a.不停的,持续不断的,强调令人厌烦地重复出现,中间有可能有停顿。
Incessant noise makes me appreciate silence.持续不断的噪声骚扰使我喜欢安静的环境。
convert, invert, revert, transform
这一组动词都有"转变"的意思。
convert v.转变,变换,含有"使某人改变观点"的意思。
He wants to convert to Catholicism.他要皈依天主教。
invert v.使颠倒,使倒转,使反向。常常表示位置、顺序、方向等的颠倒。
The baby inverted the cup and spilled her orange juice.婴儿把杯子打翻,弄洒了里面的橙汁。
revert v.归还,恢复原状。指回到原来的状态或情形。
John gave his brother a house, and when his brother died, ownership reverted back to John.约翰送给他的哥哥一所房子,当他的哥哥去世后,房子的所有权重新归于约翰。
transform v.改变,转变,指形状、颜色、大小、性质等的改变。
A little paint will soon transform the old house.刷一点油漆很快就会使这所旧房子大为改观。
credible, credulous, plausible
这一组形容词都有"可信的"意思。
credible a.可信的,可靠的。
That the student told the teacher a credible story that she missed classes because she was sick.那个学生跟老师讲了实情,她没来上课是因为她病了。
credulous a.轻信的,易于相信的。
She was credulous when she listened to the salesman and bought the car for too much money.她很容易轻信别人,竟然听信那个销售员的话以高价买了那辆车。
plausible a.似乎有理的(可信的)。常带有怀疑的意思。
Even though it is a plausible explanation, I am not completely convinced.虽然这个解释合理,但仍不可能使我完全相信。
decline, refuse, reject, deny
这组动词都有"拒绝"的意思。
decline v.婉言拒绝,谢绝,相当于refuse politely,主要用于拒绝有关社交活动的邀请或要求帮助的请求,后接名词或动词不定式,主语只能是人。
I invited her to join us, but she declined.我邀请她和我们在一起,可是她婉言谢绝了。
refuse v.是比较普通的用词,表示"拒绝",含有非常坚决地、不客气地拒绝的意思。
reject v.抛弃,不采纳,主语可以是人或物,后接名词,不能接动词不定式。
He asked her to go to the movies three times, and each time she rejected him.他三次约她去看电影但每一次都被拒绝
deny v.否认,否定,其后可接名词,代词或that从句。
The defendant denied the accusations made against him in court.被告在法庭上否认了对他的指控。
deduce, induce, reduce
这是一组形近易混词。
deduce v.推断,推理,演绎。
My friend becomes quiet when his girlfriend is angry with him; today he is quiet and so I deduce she is angry.我的朋友在他的女朋友生他的气的时候就会变得沉默,今天他很沉默,所以我推断她生气了。
induce v.引诱,劝;引起,导致。
We couldn't induce the old lady to travel by air.我们无法劝说那位老太太坐飞机去。
reduce v.减轻,减小;降低。
He reduced his weight by 20 pounds by eating less and exercising.他通过节食和运动,体重减轻了20磅。
delay, postpone
这两个词都有"延迟"之意。
delay v.延期,延缓,耽搁,常指由于不可避免的障碍等原因而延期。
Her late arrival delayed the start of the meeting.她的迟到使会议延迟开始。
postpone v.耽搁,暂缓,常指将某事放置一边,等到另一事发生或一定时间后再做。
Our meeting for today was postponed until next week.我们今天的会议推迟到下周举行。
demonstrate, illustrate
这两个词都有"说明"的意思。
demonstrate v.多指通过具体动作或物体进行演示、示范、表演、展示等以达到说明或解释的目的。
This salesman demonstrated how to cook with a pressure cooker.这个推销员当众演示如何用压力锅煮东西。
illustrate v.强调通过举例、列图表或比较等方式来说明道理。
The teacher illustrated the history lesson by telling a story about George Washington.那个老师通过乔治•华盛顿的故事来讲述他的历史课。
disappear, vanish, fade
这一组词都有"消失"的意思。
disappear v.消失,不见;灭绝,不复存在。是个一般用语。
The little dog was just there, then he disappeared.那条小狗刚才就在那里,然后就不见了。
vanish v.消失,不见,指突然间化为乌有,强调非常彻底地、神秘莫测地消失、失踪。
The man ransintosthe shop and vanished from sight.那个男子跑到了商店里,然后就消失了。
fade v.指衣服的颜色褪色,声音的逐渐消失。
The wallpaper has faded from red to pale pink.墙纸从红色褪成了淡粉色。
decline, decrease, diminish, reduce
这一组动词都有"减少"的意思。
decline v. (数量、数字、价格、比率)下降,下落。
Last year, the crime rate in Chicago has sharply declined.去年芝加哥的犯罪率明显下降。
decrease v.减少,减小,强调逐渐地下降或减少的过程。
diminish v. (力量、势力)减弱,减少,强调由于某种原因而减少,这种减少可以造成能够为人们所察觉的后果或损失。
The need to take action has diminished.已经没有多少需要采取行动的必要性了。
reduce v.是及物动词,指通过人为的方法在数量、规模、范围等方面减少,也可以指在地位、重要性方面降低等级。
He reduced his weight by 20 pounds by eating less and exercising.他通过节食和运动,体重减轻了20磅。
deviate, distract, divert
这三个词都有"转移"的意思。
deviate v.背离,偏离。多指脱离正轨或正题等。
He deviated from society by becoming a drug addict.他成为一名吸毒者,从而违背了社会道德准则。
distract v.使分心,分散(注意力、心理等)。常带有不能专心的意思。
Noise distracts him, so he can't study for exams.喧闹声分散了他的注意力,所以他无法进行考试的复习。
divert v.转移,使转向,着重改变后的结果,后常接介词from。
A loud noise diverted everyone's attention from their work.一声巨响转移了每个人的工作注意力。
dip, immerse, submerge
这几个词都有"浸,浸入"的意思。
dip v.浸,浸染,蘸。多指短时地将某物部分地浸到液体中,有小心翼翼的意思。
The artist dipped his brush in the paint.艺术家拿画笔蘸了蘸颜料。
immerse v.沉浸,使沉浸于。指全部浸泡在液体中达一段时间,也可指一种氛围。
Students immerse themselves in their studies.同学们在专心致志地学习。
submerge v.浸没,淹没。多指全部浸没在水下达一定深度。
The girl was submerged in the shallow end of the pool.女孩泡在水池的浅水区一端。
divide, separate
这两个动词都有"分开"的意思。
divide v.分开,划分,指把整体分成若干部分,也表示"疏远"的意思,常用结构为"divide…from"。
The huge corporation dividedsintossmaller companies.这家大公司分成了一些较小的公司。
separate v.作及物动词时,意思是"分隔",指把原来连接在一起或靠近的东西分隔开来,常用结构为"separate…from";作不及物动词时,表示"分散,分别"。
duty, obligation, responsibility
duty n.指道义上的责任,强调自觉性,作可数名词时指本职工作的任务。
His duty is to see that the business runs well.他的职责是保证生意良好运转。
obligation n.指合同或法律上规定的"责任,义务",强调其约束力。
Parents have a legal obligation to ensure that their children are provided with efficient education suitable to their age.父母有法律上的义务确保其子女受到适合其年龄的有效教育。
responsibility n.职责,强调对后果要负责任的意思。
His father is ill, and he has the responsibility of caring for him.他的父亲病了,他有责任照顾他。
eject, inject, project
这是一组形近易混词。
eject v.跳出,喷出,弹射出。
The pilot ejected from the falling airplane.飞行员从坠落的飞机中弹射出去。
inject v.注射。
The nurse injected some medicinesintosthe patient with a needle.护士用注射器给患者打针。
project v.伸出,突出;预计,预报;投射,放映。
The balcony projects out beyond the wall of the house.阳台从房子的墙壁上突出来。
The government projects that the defence budget will increase by 20% .政府预计国防预算将增长百分之二十。
eligible, illegible
eligible a.享有权利的,具备资格的。
He graduated from high school with good grades, so he is eligible to enroll in the state college.他以优异的成绩从中学毕业,所以他有资格就读于州立大学。
illegible a.很难看懂的,难以辨认的。
The writing is illegible; I cannot read what it says.字迹不清楚,我看不清上面写的是什么。
eminent, imminent
这是一组形近易混词。
eminent a.著名的,卓越的,接触的。
He is eminent in the field of linguistics.他在语言学领域很有名。
imminent a.即将发生的,迫在眉睫的,临近的。
The wedding date is imminent, so we must send invitations.婚礼迫近,所以我们必须发放请柬了。
emotion, feeling, passion, sensation, sentiment
这一组名词都有"感情"的意思。
emotion n.情感,感情,指喜怒哀乐等较激动的情绪,表示某物引起的激动。
He felt mixed emotions when he thought of her.当他想起她时便产生一种复杂的感情。
feeling n.指一般的情绪、感觉,它一般不反映感情的本质和强度。
passion n.激情,热情,欲望,极度的仇恨,指强烈的爱好、愤怒或情欲。
He spoke with passion about the love of freedom.他满腔热情地谈论着对自由的热爱。
sensation n.指人体感官受到外部刺激时产生的感觉,知觉。
When she watched the film, she had the sensation that she was in a moving car.她看电影时,感觉自己正坐在一辆开动的汽车上。
sentiment n.思想感情,情绪,感情色彩,指由于某种思想唤起的感情,强调主观作用,有时候也带有理智成分。
When our grandmother died, we remembered her life with strong sentiment.当祖母逝世时,我们深深地怀念她的一生。
encourage, excite, inspire, motivate, stimulate
这一组动词都有"鼓励、刺激"的意思。
encourage v.鼓励,促进,含有"使增强勇气或给予希望"的意味
He encouraged his son to go to good college.他鼓励他的儿子上名牌大学。
excite v.指使人感到激动、兴奋;煽动,鼓动。
The band played louder and excited the audience.乐队演奏得更响亮了,使观众兴奋起来。
inspire v.鼓舞,激发,影响,常常带有"启迪,启发"的意思。
My mother inspires us with stories of her difficult childhood.我的妈妈给我们讲童年时的艰苦生活以激励我们。
motivate v.激发,促动,强调激起动机去做某事。
A desire to go to medical school motivates her to study hard everyday.她希望上医学院,这成了她每天努力学习的动力。
stimulate v.刺激,激发,促进,强调刺激反应的结果。
Cold air stimulates me.冷空气刺激我振作起来。
equal, equivalent, identical
这一组形容词都有"相同的,相等的"的意思。
equal a.(数字、数量、权力、价值)相等的;(指人)胜任的
Those two tables are of equal length这两张桌子一样长
It is a big responsibility to take on, so I hope he 's equal to the task.要担负的责任很大,我希望他能够胜任这项任务。
equivalent a.相等的,相同的.与equal基本可以互换使用。
The two computers are equivalent in speed.这两台计算机在运算速度上是相同的。
identical a.同一的,完全相同的。
The boys are identical twins.这两个男孩子是一模一样的双胞胎。
equipment, facility, instrument
equipment n.指生产、研究所需要的设备、装置,如各种机器和器材,是不可数名词。
a factory with modern equipment具有现代化设备的工厂
facility n.指较大的设施、设备,尤指公用的、为大众带来便利的设备。
The facility at that club includes tennis courts and a swimming pool.那家俱乐部的体育设施包括网球场地和一个游泳池。
instrument n.乐器,仪器,为某个用途而使用的工具。
As a flexible actor, he can perform, sing, dance and play several kinds of musical instruments.作为一个多才多艺的演员,他既可以表演,又会唱歌跳舞,还能够演奏不同种类的乐器。
essential, indispensable, necessary
essential a.表示属于某事物的要素或特征是"主要的,核心的,本质的,必不可少的"。
The essential point is we must do what the contract says.核心的一点是我们必须按照合同的规定去做。
indispensable a.强调客观上是必不可少的,否则就无法维持生命或做不成某一件事。
Warm clothing is indispensable in cold weather.在寒冷的天气里,厚衣服是必不可少的。
necessary a.是一般用语,强调从主观上看是必须的,不可避免的。
exceed, surpass, transcend
这一组动词都有"超过"的意思。
exceed v.多于,大于,超过,多指数量或允许的限度。
Sales of the new product exceeded our estimates.新产品的销售超出了我们的预计。
surpass v.优于或超过某人(某物)。
The runner surpassed his old record by 10 seconds.跑步运动员比他过去的记录提高了10秒。
transcend v.超出或超越,一般指超越经验、常识、普通能力等,强调难以为大众理解。
The nature of God transcends of human comprehension.上帝的本质难以为人们所理解。
faint, feeble, fragile, weak
faint a.虚弱的眩晕的,指人在特定场合感觉到的虚弱,通常不是天生体质上的虚弱而是由于某种原因造成的暂时的情况。
The summer sun was so strong that she felt faint.夏天的阳光太强烈了,她感觉到眩晕。
feeble a.虚弱的,无力的,常用来形容人的声音或行为。
The elderly lady has become feeble and unable to care herself.这个老太太已经很虚弱了,无法照顾她自己。
fragile a.脆弱的,易碎的,指物体容易打碎,或人体质虚弱、容易受伤害。
That dish is fragile, so be careful.那个盘子容易碎,所以千万小心。
weak a.这组词中应用范围最广的一个,既可以指身体虚弱的,无力的,也可引申为在力量、权力、技能、影响等方面有欠缺或软弱。
The patient is losing blood and becoming weak.病人在失血,身体开始虚弱下去。
feasible, practicable, practical, pragmatic
feasible a.可行的行得通的,用来表示实施后可以成功的
Your work plan is feasible, so we can build the bridge immediately.你的工作计划是可行的,所以我们可以马上修建那座桥。
practicable a.能实施的,可行的,只表示一种可能性,但是实施后的效果不一定理想。
Their marriage was so bad that divorce seemed the only practicable solution.他们的婚姻是如此的糟糕以至于离婚似乎是唯一可行的解决办法。
practical a.实践的,实用的,实际的,指未经过实践检验的事物,如计划、项目等。
She felt that most of what she learned in the course was of no practical use.她感到在课上学到的大部分知识都没有实际用途。
pragmatic a.讲究实际的,实用的,务实的,强调用常识解决实际问题,不追求不切实际的目标。
He would like to be a doctor, but he has a pragmatic attitude and realizes that he cannot afford medical school.他想成为一名医生,但是他很实际,知道自己上不起医学院。
gaze, gape, glance, glare, glimpse, peer, peep, stare
这一组动词都含有"看"的意思。
gaze v.凝视,注视,指由于好奇、感叹、长时间目不转睛地看。
She gazed at her beautiful new diamond ring.她凝视着自己的这颗美丽崭新的钻戒。
gape v. (张着嘴、瞪大眼睛)呆看,强调一种吃惊的状态。
The children gaped at the big elephant in the zoo.在动物园,孩子们张大了嘴巴呆呆地看着大象。
glance v. (粗略地、随便地)一瞥,看一眼。
He glanced over the letter he had just received.他把刚收到的那封信粗略地看了一遍。
glare v.怒目而视,强调怀有敌意或在气愤的情绪下看;眩目地照射。
The woman glared at the man after he shouted rudely at her.那男人粗暴地冲她大声喊叫,她也怒目而视。
glimpse v.与glance意思相近,短促地看一眼,一瞥。
peer v.指眯起眼睛仔细看,尤指看不清楚的情况下;费力地看,凝视。
Being somewhat short-sighted, she has the habit of peering at people.因为有点近视,她有眯着眼睛看人的习惯。
peep v.窥视,偷看。
The mother peepedsintosthe bedroom to see if her child was asleep.母亲偷偷向卧室看了一下,看她的孩子是否睡着了。
stare v.凝视,盯着,指由于好奇、惊讶、赞叹等原因而瞪大眼睛长时间地、直接地注视,常常含有粗鲁无礼的意思。
I told my son to stop staring at that fat woman; it wasn't nice.我告诉儿子不要盯着那个胖女人,那样看人不礼貌。
[ 本帖最后由 genne 于 2008-1-6 22:10 编辑 ] |