“精读你必须掌握的，略读无关紧要的，不管莫名其妙的”
一 到底该怎样阅读？
（1） 完全没有必要试图去弄懂文章的每一个词，一方面时间不允许，另一方面就算把文章全部翻译成中文也未必就选得对答案。更何况短文后那五道题的答案一般也就对应5-10句话，所以真正要搞定的也就十句话左右。
（2） 尽量跟着作者的思路走，不要局限于单词和句子层面，要能够顺着思路，把握文章脉络，千万不要只见树木不见森林，只有使自己的视野保持一定的高度，才不至于被命题人牵着鼻子走，才能清楚的找到命题人的思路，挖掘他们设置的陷阱。说简单点就是抓住文章中心，抓住段落中心。视那些补充、解释的成分而不见。
（3） 遇到不懂的句子或句群怎么办？暂时跳过，不管它。也许这些句子本身就无关紧要，也许现在不懂，但读完全文后或到做题目时就自然明白了。千万不要回过头去反复琢磨。
（4）最难也是最没有被以往辅导老师注意的一步：文章的整体结构，段落之间的关系，句子与句子之间的关系，句群内部的关系。比如并列结构、总分结构、倒装结构、递进关系、同位语结构，而往往这些都是命题人最喜欢的命题处和藏答案处。比如：2006-37题的“对应句子”就是总分结构，
二 如何有效提高阅读速度：
1， 抓住中心
文章的首末段一般就是文章的中心，这里的每句话要争取完全弄懂。弄懂中心了，后面的内容也就好理解。再就是每段话的中心句，一般在段首或者段尾，也要争取完全弄懂。这些中心是文章的骨架，掌握好这些内容，其他的内容都是围绕中心展开的，就可以略看，这时遇到不很懂的地方也要学会放弃，暂时跳过去，不管它。
2， 注意标点符号
阅读时要一整句话一整句话的理解，在没有出现句号等表示一句话已经完整的符号前，不要停下阅读而去理解句子的意思。因为一句完整的句子才能正确表达原文的意思，你如果只看几个词组或者句子中的部分成分就去理解原文很容易断章取义，造成错误的理解。
同时要注意分号，破折号，它们常常是命题的好地方。
3， 注意转折词
考研阅读中最常见的考查点就是转折词。往往问题的答案就在转折词后面的句子里，所以在阅读时一定要注意“出现转折词”的地方，并做好标记。
4， 注意区分文章的论点和论据
考研阅读一般是议论题材，论点一般在原文首段就以精练的语言表达出来了的，字数少，要精读，是必须把握的，而论据是分散在原文各段，多呈事实细节性描叙出现在原文，这些内容可以略看。
5， 要不懂装懂
阅读时可能有些句子或者词组你仔细看了也不是很明白具体的意思，这时候你千万别把再花时间反复推敲了。可以暂且放一边，不去管它了，也许这些句子并不重要，也许在不需要具体理解它的意思的情况下也能选对答案。
6， 寻找并圈点句群
把说明和论证同一问题的句子列为一个句群，并把它们用记号（括号）圈点起来，一并理解。这样有助于排除命题干扰，同时也可减少阅读的量。
以上内容看起来很复杂，刚开始做起来也肯定费神、费时，没关系，干什么事都需要一个过程，熟练后就提高了阅读速度，这样一来，你不仅节省了时间，提高了效率，而且会提高阅读答题的命中率！下面就以2004年的第一篇文章来示范一下：
2004 Text 1
Hunting for a job late last year, lawyer Gant Redmon stumbled across CareerBuilder, a job database on the Internet. He searched it with no success but was attracted by the site's "personal search agent".It's an interactive feature that lets visitors key in job criteria such as location, title, and salary, then E-mails them when a matching position is posted in the database. Redmon chose the keywords legal, intellectual property, and Washington, D.C. Three weeks later, he got his first notification of an opening. "I struck gold," says Redmon, who E-mailed his resume to the employer and won a position as in-house counsel for a company.
With thousands of career-related sites on the Internet, finding promising openings can be time-consuming and inefficient. Search agents reduce the need for repeated visits to the databases. But although a search agent worked for Redmon, career experts see drawbacks. Narrowing your criteria, for example, may work against you: "Every time you answer a question you eliminate a possibility." says one expert.
For any job search, you should start with a narrow concept — what you think you want to do — then broaden it. "None of these programs do that," says another expert. "There's no career counseling implicit in all of this." Instead, the best strategy is to use the agent as a kind of tip service to keep abreast of jobs in a particular database; when you get E-mail, consider it a reminder to check the database again. "I would not rely on agents for finding everything that is added to a database that might interest me," says the author of a job-searching guide.
Some sites design their agents to tempt job hunters to return. When CareerSite's agent sends out messages to those who have signed up for its service, for example, it includes only three potential jobs — those it considers the best matches. There may be more matches in the database; job hunters will have to visit the site again to find them — and they do. "On the day after we send our messages, we see a sharp increase in our traffic," says Seth Peets, vice president of marketing for CareerSite.
Even those who aren't hunting for jobs may find search agents worthwhile. Some use them to keep a close watch on the demand for their line of work or gather information on compensation to arm themselves when negotiating for a raise. Although happily employed, Redmon maintains his agent at CareerBuilder. "You always keep your eyes open," he says. Working with a personal search agent means having another set of eyes looking out for you.
41. How did Redmon find his job?
[A] By searching openings in a job database.
[B] By posting a matching position in a database.
[C] By using a special service of a database.
[D] By E-mailing his resume to a database.
42. Which of the following can be a disadvantage of search agents?
[A] Lack of counseling.
[B] Limited number of visits.
[C] Lower efficiency.
[D] Fewer successful matches.
43. The expression "tip service" (line 3, paragraph 3) most probably means ________.
[A] advisory
[B] compensation
[C] interaction
[D] reminder
44. Why does CareerSite's agent offer each job hunter only three job options?
[A] To focus on better job matches.
[B] To attract more returning visits.
[C] To reserve space for more messages.
[D] To increase the rate of success.
45. Which of the following is true according to the text?
[A] Personal search agents are indispensable to job-hunters.
[B] Some sites keep E-mailing job seekers to trace their demands.
[C] Personal search agents are also helpful to those already employed.
[D] Some agents stop sending information to people once they are employed.
下面，我们就来一段一段的读这篇文章吧。在开始读之前，有个问题要先说明一下。阅读题的短文无论什么题材都有自己的中心，文章中心一般在首段。同样每一段也有自己的中心，有自己的中心句，往往理解一段文字的大意，只要找到该中心句并仔细阅读和理解就可以啦。中心句一般在段首，也有在段尾的。抓住中心，包括文章的中心和段落的中心，对正确理解全文和解答问题非常重要！
第一段共六句话，中心句在第二句“He searched it with no success but was attracted by the site's "personal search agent””这里有一个句群，由第二、三、四、五句组成，即：He searched it ……of an opening。其中第三、四、五句和第二句说的是同一个问题"personal search agent”，而且是补充和说明的。这样的句群只要掌握其主要句子的意思就可以啦，阅读时其他的补充说明的句子可以不看，这样整个这一段就变成了：Hunting for a job late last year, lawyer Gant Redmon stumbled across CareerBuilder, a job database on the Internet. He searched it with no success but was attracted by the site's "personal search agent"."I struck gold," says Redmon, who E-mailed his resume to the employer and won a position as in-house counsel for a company.这样以来，整个这段文字的理解也简洁明了了许多，更神奇的是把画线部分的句子连起来理解的话，后面的41题的问题很容易就可以得出正确答案了。（详细下回谈技巧再说）
第二段中有个转折词“But”，前部分讲了搜索代理的优点“reduce the need for repeated visits to the databases”，但是紧接着“But”…… career experts see drawbacks.在理解上，作者强调的是But后面的部分。接着，作者用两个专家的话“says one expert”， “says another expert”解释补充了 drawbacks。（这里的第二段和第三段在逻辑上应该是一个整体，不应该分开成两段的。）同样这里也有个句群：But although a search agent worked for Redmon, career experts see drawbacks. ……says one expert.……says another expert. "There's no career counseling implicit in all of this.。把这里当做一个句群理解话，42题的答案就迎刃而解了。
第三段的第三句又是一个转折词“Instead”，这里的转折是为了和前面的drawbacks相呼应的。这句话里有个标点符号“分号”，从分号的意义来看，其前后部分的意思应该是一致的，故可知the best strategy is to use the agent as a kind of tip service to keep abreast of jobs in a particular database和when you get E-mail, consider it a reminder to check the database again意思相近，有了这样的认识后，43题的解答就相对容易多了， tip service= reminder！！！
第四段的中心句就是首句“Some sites design their agents to tempt job hunters to return”，稍微理解一下后面的几句话，不难发现这后面几句都是说明补充这个中心句的，也就是一个句群。理解了句群的中心句，句群的意思也基本上就理解了。理解了句群的意思，至于其他句子具体是什么意思，根本就无所谓。反正整个句群就是在说中心句的内容“一些网络是如何让代理诱惑寻职者成为回头客的”，有了这样的认识，44题的答案你还会选错吗？
第五段和第四段一样，中心句很好找，就是第一句“Even those who aren't hunting for jobs may find search agents worthwhile.”同样稍微理解一下，就可以知道后面几句都是围绕这个中心句来补充说明的。也就是一个句群。同样也只要理解句群的中心句就可以啦。句群的那几个句子都在传递着中心句所表达信息：“即使非求职的人士也会发现搜索代理值得一览”。这样的话，45题你还会选错吗？
这样一篇文章还不用动脑去考虑如何解答，问题的答案就一个个往外直冒了！通过上面的阅读过程简介，相信你对“精读你必须掌握的，略读无关紧要的，不管莫名其妙的”有了更深认识和体会！同时做对这篇文章的五个问题，需要理解的也就5个句群，真正需要精读的也就5句话！(就是我用不同颜色标记的那些句子，其中每种颜色的句子对应一个问题的答案)。这就是我的反陷阱法之反陷阱阅读。反陷阱解题技巧正是在此基础上发展和完善的！详细内容请登陆我的博客。 |
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