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2010年南京大学外国语学院261英语考研真题
2009年南京大学外国语学院221英语考研真题及详解
2008年南京大学外国语学院221英语考研真题及详解
2007年南京大学外国语学院221英语考研真题及详解
2005年南京大学外国语学院221英语考研真题
2004年南京大学外国语学院221英语考研真题
2003年南京大学外国语学院221英语考研真题
2002年南京大学外国语学院221英语考研真题
2001年南京大学外国语学院英语考研真题
说明：南京大学考研科目“英语”适用于外国语学院非英语专业的考生，实际上相当于其他院校的“二外英语”考研科目。该考试科目的代码经常发生变化，但是历年真题的考题风格、难度等没有较大改变，因此考生一定要多加重视历年考研真题。本书使用261作为科目代码。
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2010年南京大学外国语学院261英语考研真题
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2009年南京大学外国语学院221英语考研真题及详解
Ⅰ. Choose the best answer for each of thefollowing sentences (25％)
1. Before leaving his office, the managershowed no sign of ______ our proposals.
A. respondingto
B. showing off
C. bringingalong
D. pointing out
【答案】A查看答案
【解析】句意：直到我们离开他的办公室，经理也没对我们的建议有任何反应。respond to对…作出反应；顺从，听从。show off炫耀。bring along带来。point out指出。
2. Hong Kong is a ______ city, and stillmore people are pouring in.
A. popular
B. populated
C. populace
D. populous
【答案】D查看答案
【解析】句意：香港是个人口稠密的城市，但是还是很多人在涌入。popular受欢迎的。populated居住的。populace百姓，平民。 populous人口稠密的。
3. Living in the central Australian deserthas its problems, ______ obtaining water is not the least.
A. for which
B. to which
C. of which
D. in which
【答案】C查看答案
【解析】句意：居住在澳大利亚中心平原有很多不便，其中饮水还不是最难的。表示所属关系，且先行词为problems。
4. I haven’t the ______ idea what you mean.
A. lightest
B. smallest
C. faintest
D. dimmest
【答案】A查看答案
【解析】句意：我一点也不明白你的意思。light此处指少量的，很少的。
5. I’d rather that my father ______ me anipod as a birthday present. Instead he gave a discman.
A. had given
B. gave
C. would give
D. would havegiven
【答案】A查看答案
【解析】would rather从句谓语动词要用虚拟语气，即用一般过去时表示现在或将来要做的事；用过去完成时表示已经做过的事或过去要做的事。该句很明显是过去的事，故用过去完成时。
6. Do you want to see my driving license ormy passport?
Oh, ______.
A. either doeswell
B. either onewill do
C. each one isgood
D. each will befine
【答案】B查看答案
【解析】do合适，够了。此处指哪个都行。
7. Language belongs to each member of thesociety, to the cleaner ______ to the professor.
A. as much as
B. the same as
C. as far as
D. as long as
【答案】A查看答案
【解析】此处指语言属于的程度，故用as much as。
8. We managed to reach the top of themountain, and half an hour later we began to ______.
A. ascend
B. descend
C. decline
D. plunge
【答案】B查看答案
【解析】此处指到了山顶之后下山。ascend上升，攀登。descend下来，下降。decline减少，衰弱。plunge颠簸；暴跌。
9. Sometimes patients suffering from severepain can be helped by “drugs” that aren’t really drugs at all ______ sugarpills that contain no active chemical elements.
A. or rather
B. rather than
C. but rather
D. other than
【答案】C查看答案
【解析】but rather而是，相反地。Or rather更确切地说。Rather than而不是。Other than除了。
10. Bacon and eggs ______ common Sundaybreakfast in England.
A. is an
B. are the
C. is a
D. are
【答案】C查看答案
【解析】此处由and连接的两部分“熏肉煎蛋”是一个整体，此时谓语动词用单数。
11. Don’t ______ about lunch for theinstructors, because they promised to get some on the way.
A. bother
B. fuss
C. trouble
D. think
【答案】A查看答案
【解析】句意：不要担心老师们的午饭，因为他们答应了在路上吃。bother about...为…操心，烦恼。fuss作“烦恼，操心”讲时常和with和over连用。trouble使烦恼，使忧虑，作及物动词。
12.The factory has turned out ______.
A. twice moreTV sets this year as last year
B. TV sets thisyear twice as many as last year
C. TV setstwice more this year than last year
D. twice asmany TV sets this year as last year
【答案】D查看答案
【解析】考查倍数的用法： times+more+名词（可数或不可数）+than+被比对象，或times as many/much+名词+as+被比对象。如：There are five times more books in our library than in yours. 我们图书馆里的书比你们图书馆多四倍。
13. The purpose of this election is to setup a government truly ______ of the people.
A. typical
B.representative
C.characteristic
D. responsible
【答案】A查看答案
【解析】typical 典型的；有代表性的。后介词为of。此处指代表人民的政府。representative代表人；典型的。后面的介词为for。characteristic具有…的特征。responsible对…负责任。后介词常用to。
14. I do not believe that this ridiculousscheme is ______ of our serious consideration.
A. worthless
B. worthwhile
C. worth
D. worthy
【答案】D查看答案
【解析】若为worth，后直接加名词consideration。而worthy加名词时需加介词of。意为“值得的”。Worthwhile后面一般加to do/ doing形式。
15. American women were ______ the right tovote until 1920 after many years of hard struggle.
A. ignored
B. denied
C. neglected
D. refused
【答案】B查看答案
【解析】句意：美国妇女经过许多年的努力，直到1920年才争取到了选举的权利。deny否定，否认；拒绝给与。ignore和neglect意同“忽视”。 refuse拒绝。
16. In the lecture ______ he will tell ussomething about modern English usage.
A. following
B. followed
C. to follow
D. beingfollowed
【答案】D查看答案
【解析】此处指在接下来的报告中。实际是in the lecture which is to be followed,表将来和被动。Being形式可以表将来，且为被动形式。故选项D合题意。
17. If we let our eyes glide ______ the lines of a book, we willprobably be unable to come up with an understanding of what we have read.
A. across
B. in
C. from
D. with
【答案】A查看答案
【解析】此处glideacross指“浏览，大致地看”。
18. It was at the exhibition that we ______this kind of minicar made of plastics.
A. came up
B. came out
C. came upon
D. came up with
【答案】C查看答案
【解析】句意：在那次展览上我们见到了这种由塑料制成的迷你车。come up发生；提出。come out出来；出版。come upon突然出现；偶遇。come up with想出，提出。
19. The concert was ______ start at eighto’clock, but the conductor did not come until a quarter past.
A. about to
B. due to
C. almost
D. ready to
【答案】A查看答案
【解析】about to 将要，即将。due to应给与；因为。ready to 准备好。
20. In most countries, the metric systemhas been ______ for all measurement.
A. adapted
B. applied
C. developed
D. adopted
【答案】D查看答案
【解析】句意：多数国家采用公制进行所有的测量。adopt采用，采纳。adapt调整使适应。apply申请；使用。
21. You ______ worry about her. She ______well already.
A. needn’t, mayget
B. don’t needto, may get
C. mustn’t,gets
D. needn’t, mayhave got
【答案】D查看答案
【解析】句意：你不用为她担心，她可能已经好了。need此处为情态动词，常用于否定句或疑问句中，此处意为“不必”。
22. It isn’t quite ______ that he will bepresent at the meeting.
A. sure
B. exact
C. certain
D. right
【答案】C查看答案
【解析】句意：他会不会来还不一定。Sure和certain都有“相信”的意思，但it作形式主语的句中只能用certain，表示客观的推段。
23. The experiment requires more money than______.
A. has been putin
B. being put in
C. have beenput in
D. to be put in
【答案】A查看答案
【解析】than在此处作连词，后面接的为句子，省略了主语It。
24. Every man in this country has the rightto live where he wants to, ______ the color of his skin.
A. with theexception of
B. in the lightof
C. by virtue of
D. regardlessof
【答案】D查看答案
【解析】句意：这个国家的任何人不论什么肤色都有权选择自己的居住地。regardless of 不管，不顾。with the exception of除了。in the light of鉴于；按照。by virtue of凭借；因为。
25. The team’s efforts to score were ______by the opposing goalkeeper.
A. prevented
B. frustrated
C. discouraged
D. accomplished
【答案】B查看答案
【解析】句意：球队想要得分的努力被对方守门员挫败。frustrate使不成功，阻止；使沮丧。prevent预防，防止。discourage使丧失勇气。accomplish完成。
Ⅱ.Cloze(10％)
Publicity is anypromotional communication about an organization or its products that ispresented by the media but is not paid for by the organization. Publicityusually takes the form of a news story appearing in a mass (1)or an endorsement provided by an individual informally or in a speechor interview.
There are threechannels for (2) publicity. One is to prepare astory (or a news release) and make it (3) to themedia. The intention is for the selected newspapers, television stations, or (4)media to report the information as news. The second channel ispersonal communication with a group. A press (5) willdraw media representatives (6) they feel thesubject or speaker has news value. Company tours and speeches to differentgroups of people are other (7) ofindividual-to-group communications. The third channel is one-to-one personalcommunication, often (8) lobbying(游说). Companies lobby law makersor other powerful people (9) an attempt toinfluence their opinions, and also their decisions. In (10) ,firms will give products to highly visible people in hopes that the people willbe seen using them.
【答案与解析】
1.media mass media大众传播媒体。文中主要讲述的publicity（知名度）很容易让大家想到传播媒介。
2.gaining 本段主要讲述提高知名度的三种方式。gain publicity提高知名度。
3.known 第一种方式是有一件事情（大众关心的），并被媒体知道。
4.other 前文中出现了报纸，电视台，此处指其他的传播方式。
5.conference press conference新闻发布会。
6.if 根据句意传播媒介如果认为话题或发布消息的人有新闻价值，会去新闻发布会现场。
7.forms 第二种方式主要讲了两种实施形式，此处指第二种形式。
8.called 由下文知作者在讲述游说，此处是提出这个定义。
9.in 固定搭配，in an attempt to试图…。
10.addition 此处是讲了另外一种提高知名度的方式。in addition另外。
Ⅲ.Reading Comprehension (20％)
Passage A
The ordinaryfamily in colonial North America was primarily concerned with sheer physicalsurvival and beyond that, its own economic prosperity. Thus, children werevalued in terms of their productivity, and they assumed the role of producerquite early. Until they fulfilled this role, their position in the structure ofthe family was one of subordination and their psychological needs andcapacities received little consideration.
As the societybecame more complex, the status of children in the family and in the societybecame more important. In the complex, technological society that the United States has become, each member must fulfill a number of personal and occupationalroles and be in constant contact with a great many other members. Consequently,viewing children as potentially acceptable and necessarily multifaceted membersof society means that they are regarded more as people in their own right thanas utilitarian organisms. This acceptance of children as equal participants inthe contemporary family is reflected in the variety of statutes protecting therights of children and in the social and public welfare programs devotedexclusively to their well-being.
This new view ofchildren and the increasing contact between the members of society has alsoresulted in a surge of interest in child-rearing techniques. People today spenda considerable portion of their time conferring on the proper way to bring upchildren. It is now possible to influence the details of the socialization ofanother person’s child by spreading the gospel of current and fashionabletheories and methods of child rearing.
The socializationof the contemporary child in the United States is a two-way transaction betweenparent and child rather than a one-way, parent-to-child training program. As aconsequence, socializing children and living with them over a long period timeis for parents a mixture of pleasure, satisfaction, and problems.
1. Which of the following would be the besttitle for the passage?
A. The Place ofChildren in United States Society
B. The Childrenof Colonial North America
C. TheDevelopment of Cultural Values
D. The Child asa Utilitarian Organism
2. According to the author, children in colonial North America weremainly valued for their ______.
A. academicachievements
B. survivalinstincts
C. physicalcharacteristics
D. productiveroles
3. What can be inferred about formalschooling in colonial North America?
A. It wasgenerally required by law.
B. It wasconsidered relatively unimportant.
C. It wasimproperly administered.
D. It was highlydisciplined.
4. Which of the following is a possible cause of changes in the roleof the child in the United States?
A. An increasein technology.
B. The growingcomplexity of the child’s psychological needs.
C. A decrease inthe child’s intellectual capacities.
D. The growingnumber of single parent families.
5. According to the passage, parents havebecome increasingly interested in ______.
A. theirchildren’s future occupations
B. havingsmaller families
C. adoptionprograms for childless couples
D. child-rearingtechniques
【答案与解析】
1.A 本文叙述了主要从殖民地时期到现在，孩子在家以及社会上地位的变化。
2.D 细节题。由“children were valued in terms of their productivity, and theyassumed the role of producer quite early”中的“productivity”（生产力）可知答案为D，生产的角色。
3.B 推断题。由第一段可知殖民地时期的家庭主要关心自己的生存能力和经济财产孩子们直到能够进行生产活动才受到关注。可知孩子们的教育尤其是正式的学校教育并不重要。
4.A 细节题。由“In the complex, technological society”可得出答案为A。而选项B，C和D文中并未提及。
5.D 细节题。在倒数第二段的段首“…has also resulted in a surge of interest in child-rearingtechniques”，很容易得到正确答案为D项。
Passage B
I am one of themany city people who are always saying that given the choice we managed toconvince myself that if it weren’t for my job l would immediately head out forthe open spaces and go back to nature in some sleepy village buried in thecountry. But how realistic is the dream?
Cities can befrightening places. The majority of the population live in massive towerblocks, noisy, dirty and impersonal. The sense of belonging to a communitytends to disappear when you live fifteen floors up. Children become aggressiveand nervous—cooped up at home all day, with nowhere to play; their mothers feelisolated from the rest of the world. Strangely enough, whereas in the past theinhabitants of one street all knew each other, nowadays people on the samefloor in tower blocks don’t even say hello.
Country life, onthe other hand, differs from this kind of isolated existence in that a sense ofcommunity generally binds the inhabitants of small villages together. Peoplehave the advantage of knowing there is always someone to turn to when they needhelp. But country life has disadvantages too. While it is true that you may beamong friends in a village, it is also true that you are cut off from theexciting and important events that take place in cities. There’s littlepossibility of going to a new show or the latest movie. Shopping becomes amajor problem, and for anything slightly out of the ordinary you have to go onan expedition to the nearest large town.
Some people havefound (or rather bought) a compromise between the country and the city:they have expressed their preference for the “quiet life” by leaving thesuburbs and moving to villages within commuting distance of large cities. Theygenerally have about as much sensitivity as the plastic flowers they leavebehind—they are polluted with strange ideas about change and improvement whichthey force on to the unwilling original inhabitants of the village.
What then of mydreams of leaning on a cottage gate and murmuring “morning” to the locals asthey pass by? I’m keen on the idea, but you see there’s my cat, Toby. I’m notat all sure that he would take to all that fresh air and exercise in the longgrass.
I mean, can yousee him mixing with all those hearty males down the farm? No, he wouldrather have the electric imitation-coal fire any evening.
6. We get the impression from the first paragraphthat the author ______.
A. used to livein the country
B. used to workin the city
C. works in thecity
D. lives in thecountry
7. In the author’s opinion, the following may cause city people tobe unhappy EXCEPT ______.
A. a strongsense of fear
B. lack ofcommunication
C. housingconditions
D. a sense ofisolation
8. The passage implies that it is easy to buy the following thingsin the country EXCEPT ______.
A. dailynecessities
B. fresh fruits
C. designer clothes
D. freshvegetables
9. According to the passage, which of the following adjectives bestdescribes those people who work in large cities and live in villages?
A. Original.
B. Quiet.
C. Arrogant.
D. Insensitive.
10. Do you think the author will move tothe country?
A. Yes, he willdo so.
B. No, he willnot do so.
C. It isdifficult to tell.
D. He is in twominds.
【答案与解析】
6.C 细节题。短文第一段第一句说“I am one of the many city people…if it weren't for my job I would…”说明作者是在城里工作，故选项C为正确答案。
7.A 细节题。短文第二段描写的是城市生活的弊端。由”The sense of belonging to a community tends to disappear…people onthe same floor in tower blocks don't even say hello to each other.”可知，城市生活“lack of communication”；由“The majority of thepopulation live in massive tower blocks，noisy，dirtyand impersonal…All you can see from your window is sky，or other blocks of flats.”可知，城市生活“housing conditions”；由“Children…cooped up at homeall day…their mothers feel isolated from the rest of the world.”可知，城市生活是“a sense of isolation”。文中没有提及“a strong sense of fear”，故A为正确答案。
8.C 推理题。短文第三段倒数第二句说"Shopping becomes a major problem, and for anything slightlyout of the ordinary you have to go on an expedition to the nearest largetown."，即住在一个小村庄里，购物是一个大问题，即使只是稍微特别的物品，人们也必须到附近大城镇去买。由此可知，在乡村不容易买到的东西应是designer clothes。
9.C 语义题。短文第四段最后一句说“They generally have about as much sensitivity…the unwilling originalinhabitants of the villages.”即他们一般还是比较敏感的，……他们也把某些改变强加给当地农村居民。故用“Arrogant”（骄横的）来描述在大城市工作而在乡村生活的人最合适。
10.B 推理题。最后一段作者以他的猫为例，说他没有把握它一定会喜欢新鲜空气及到草地练习，并在最后作了否定的答复。可见，作者是不会去农村生活的。
Ⅳ. Translate the following passage into Chinese(25％)
The way thatpeople spend their money, and the objects on which they spend it, are one ofthe areas where free choice and individuality can be expressed. The choicereflects personal taste, the way people see themselves and the fantasies theyhave about their lives, the restrictions on money available to them, thepresence of others in the family with a claim on that money, and the influenceof current convention, cultivation, surroundings and locality. Shopping is animportant human activity. Yet shoppers are faced with a confusing situation anda rapidly changing one. The confusion arises from the claims made byadvertising, from inadequate information about new products, new materials, newplaces to shop—a confusion enhanced by rising prices and a wider choice ofgoods than ever before. The search for the right purchase is based on ignoranceof their own needs and ignorance of the product’s fitness for those needs. Whenchoosing any particular item, there are several lines of communication whichmight provide some guidance. Yet none of these is entirely satisfactory. Forexample, you can ask a shop assistant initially. Even if you find one, she mayquite generally not know the answers. She may be a schoolgirl with a Saturdayjob, or a housewife working part-time.
【参考译文】
人们花钱的方式和钱所用的地方可以表现出个人的选择和个性。这种选择反映个人品位，对自己的看法，对生活的憧憬，经济条件的局限，共同消费的家庭成员，以及社会当前的习俗、教养、环境、地段对个人的影响。购物是一项重要的人类活动。然而，购物者们正面对一种急速变化、令人困惑的局面，这种困惑来自广告。对新产品、新材料、新购物地点等情况的缺乏了解和不断上涨的物价，琳琅满目的商品，比以前任何时候都加剧人们的困惑。正确的购物是建立在对自己需求和产品的功能无知的基础上的。购买某种商品时，有几种交流方式可能会为你提供一些指导。然而没有一种是令人十分满意的。例如，你可以先向服务员打听一下。但她很可能不知道答案。因为她很可能是个学生或者是家庭主妇在做兼职。
Ⅴ.Translate the following passage into English (20％)
这次到台湾访问交流，虽然行程匆匆，但是，看了不少地方，访了旧友，交了新知，大家走到一起，谈论的一个重要话题就是中华民族在21世纪的强盛。虽然祖国大陆、台湾的青年生活在不同的社会环境中，有着各自不同的生活经历，但大家的内心都深深铭刻着中华文化优秀传统的印记，都拥有着振兴中华民族的共同理想。
在世纪之交的伟大时代，我们的祖国正在走向繁荣富强，海峡两岸人民也将加强交流，共同推进祖国统一大业的早日完成。跨世纪青年一代应该用什么样的姿态迎接充满希望的新世纪，这是我们必须回答的问题。
【参考译文】
The currentvisit to Taiwan for exchange, brief and cursory as it is, has enabled us to seemany places, to visit old friends while making new acquaintances. Wheneverpeople gather together, an important topic of discussion has been how theChinese nation can become prosperous and powerful in the 21st century. Althoughthe young people on the Mainland and in Taiwan live in different socialcontexts (environments / milieus), with their individually differentexperiences of life, in the innermost recesses of their hearts are wrought anindelible mark by the fine traditions of the Chinese culture. They all cherishthe same ideal to rejuvenate the Chinese nation (They share the same ideal torejuvenate the Chinese nation).
In this greatepoch at the turn of the century, our motherland is developing toward greaterprosperity and powerfulness. People across the Taiwan Straits are bound tostrengthen their exchanges and will mutually promote the earliest possibleachievement of the great cause of reunification of the motherland. At thistransitional phase between the two millennia, in what way the young generationshould embrace the forthcoming new century replete with hopes is a question towhich we have to seek an answer.
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