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2008年上海理工大学考博英语真题（含答案）
2006年春季上海理工大学考博英语真题及详解
2005年秋季上海理工大学考博英语真题及详解
2005年春季上海理工大学考博英语真题及详解
2004年秋季上海理工大学考博英语真题及详解
2003年春季上海理工大学考博英语真题
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考博真题是每个考生复习备考必不可少的资料，而拥有一份权威、正确的参考答案尤为重要，通过研究历年真题能洞悉考试出题难度和题型，了解常考章节与重要考点，能有效指明复习方向。
《上海理工大学考博英语历年真题及详解》由圣才考研网组织人员严格按照上海理工大学考博英语考试大纲精心编写而成。本书收录2003～2006和2008年的考试真题，其中2004～2006年的考试真题提供参考答案及详解，2008年真题含参考答案。本书中的解题思路清晰、答案翔实，帮助广大考生在熟练掌握知识点的同时，能够熟练运用各种题型的答题技巧，以提高应试技巧，把握答题节奏，增强自信心，提高考试分数。
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2008年上海理工大学考博英语真题（含答案）
Part I Vocabulary (25 points )
Directions: There are 50 incomplete sentences in this part. For eachsentence there are four choices marked A., B.,C. and D.. Choose the ONE thatbest completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the AnswerSheet with a single line through the center.
1.The police ______ her for hours about the murder.
A. chopped
B. washed
C. diced
D. grilled
2.The situation ______ over and soon people started shouting and fighting.
A. steamed
B. boiled
C. roasted
D. sliced
3.He sat in the corner, ______ with anger about the treatment he had receivedfrom his boss.
A. slipping
B. peeping
C. simmering
D. summarizing
4.I just let him ______ for a few hours before I told him the news.
A. dry
B. smoke
C. stew
D. bake
5. Idon't want to listen to any more of your half- ______ ideas. Come back when youhave some ideas that aren't impractical and stupid.
A. baked
B. peeled
C. rinsed
D. mashed
6.After such a terrible quarrel between Mary and Jane, any ______ would be out ofthe question.
A. reconciliation
B. reclamation
C. imitation
D. cooperation
7. Mysister and I ______ in taking care of our sick mother.
A. alleviate
B. alter
C. alternate
D. shift
8. Apriceless ______ was stolen from the art gallery last week.
A. curves
B. canvas
C. campus
D. census
9. Hewas relieved to hear from his surgeon that the tumor was not malignant; it was______.
A. soft
B. gentle
C. kind
D. benign
10.Even though she was over 60, she had very little ______ on her face.
A. wrinkles
B. freckles
C. ripples
D. folds
11.It is necessary to strength the ______ of the allied countries.
A. sociology
B. solidarity
C. solidity
D. solitude
12.The bleach bottles carried the warning: "If ______ onto clothing, washimmediately!"
A. dispersed
B. smashed
C. splashed
D. accumulated
13.She tried to be angry, but she ______ herself by smiling.
A. betrayed
B. retreated
C. disclosed
D. discerned
14.After taking the pain-killer for three months, Doris was beginning to wonder ifshe was it.
A. adhered to
B. adapted to
C. affected by
D. addicted to
15.The photographic magazine my mother ______ to comes out every other week.
A. contributed
B. subscribed
C. purchased
D. ordered
16.The soldier hopefully ______ something open with anxious hands only to discoveran empty can ______.
A. rigged
B. rippled
C. raped
D. ripped
17. Some people showed the signs of irritability and oftencomplained this and that after a few days of sleep ______
A. consistency
B. discrepancy
C. deprivation
D. depression
18. Ididn't understand his meaning, because his answer was.
A. definite
B. ambiguous
C. pronounced
D. ambitious
19.The policemen went into the area to ______ criminals who were hiding there.
A. flush out
B. take leave of
C. make a mess of
D. fish out
20.Water ______ more and more quickly as the temperature grew.
A. vanished
B. evaporated
C. ascended
D. condensed
21.No ______ from the rules will be allowed.
A. derivation
B. divorce
C. deviation
D. depreciation
22.Anger ______ within me when I heard of the injustice.
A. surged up
B. summoned up
C. mustered up
D. geared up
23.Can you ______ a way of helping her without her knowing it?
A. retrieve
B. contrive
C. discover
D. invent
24.At the memorial service, the president paid to the professor’s outstandingcontribution to the educational cause.
A. tribune
B. attribute
C. attitude
D. tribute
25.Fill all the holes with ______ before you paint the wall.
A. pitch
B. plastic
C. plaster
D. gule
26.In the darkness we could see that he was one boat to another.
A. towing
B. tracing
C. tracking
D. toiling
27.The chairman is always elected by a (n) of the voters.
A. consent
B. consensus
C. conscience
D. election
28.In South Korea, the dissatisfied students classes and held demonstration inprotest against corruption.
A. assaulted
B. anticipated
C. dismissed
D. boycotted
29.She was frightened, as she noticed there was something ______ in his eyes.
A. obedient
B. obscure
C. obscene
D. obvious
30.Modem printing equipment can quickly turn out ______ copies of textual orpictorial matter.
A. duplicate
B. imitative
C. double
D. anonymous
31.The young woman looked on in ______ at her daughter's sufferings.
A. advent
B. nuisance
C. agitation
D. agony
32.The old man for a little while, but he managed to keep his feet.
A. strolled
B. scattered
C. staggered
D. strove
33.The audience enthusiastically after the performance at the Grand Old Opera.
A. applauded
B. chatted
C. slapped
D. stamped
34.The old couple the past with a feeling of longing and respect.
A. contemned
B. contemplated
C. contaminated
D. consumed
35.The sunrise as seen from the top of the mountain was a tremendous .
A. spectator
B. spectacle
C. spectrum
D. speckle
36.Some old people to their lost youth.
A. cling
B. clasp
C. abide
D. stick
37. To keep his job, he ______ his own interests to the objectivesof the company.
A. attributed
B. subtracted
C. contributed
D.subordinated
38.I can't believe that her parent's house is still ______ by oil lamp.
A. illustrated
B. emitted
C. illuminated
D. ventilated
39. We must ______ with the regulations , otherwise we must take theconsequences.
A. comply
B. concede
C. defy
D. decline
40. As early as the eleventh century, the Pueblo people ______ inlarge cities that were constructed from boulders and mud bricks.
A. resigned
B. dwelt
C. retired
D. dwindled
41. The two girls quarreled the day before yesterday, but now theycompletely ______.
A. coincided
B. reckoned
C. reconciled
D. conceded
42.Be sure not to make the mistakes that cannot be ______.
A. reclaimed
B. retorted
C. rectified
D. renovated
43.The wagon trains had to ______ Indian territory to reach California.
A. transpose
B. traverse
C. transfer
D. transmit
44. A sudden breeze ______ the calm surfaceof the lake.
A. rippled
B. wrinkled
C. folded
D. ruptured
45.The electricity failure ______ the production of the factory.
A. corroded
B. lamed
C. magnified
D. crippled
46.The bus ______ to avoid striking a pedestrian.
A. swung
B. swerved
C. swayed
D. swarmed
47. He is still working very hard despite all the ______. I can'tadmiring his indomitable spirit.
A. adversities
B.anniversaries
C.universalities
D. adversaries
48. Make sure that you know what fixtures and ______ will be left atyour new home.
A. affiliates
B. linings
C. accessories
D. fittings
49. This is a mere ______ that the woman reported dead looked likeher daughter.
A. accident
B. incident
C. coincidence
D. agreement
50. Ofthe leg can be very serious in old people.
A. Fracture
B. Friction
C. Mixture
D. Fixture
Part II Reading Comprehension (40 points)
Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage isfollowed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there arefour choices marked A., B., C. and D. You should decide on the best choice andmark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line throughthe center.
Passage1
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage:
Educationis compulsory in Britain, whether at school or otherwise"; and"otherwise" is becoming more popular. In 1999, only 12,000 childrenwere listed as being home-schooled. Now that figure is 20,000, according toMike Fortune Wood, an educational researcher. But he thinks that, as mosthome-taught children never go near a school and are therefore invisible toofficialdom, the total is probably nearer 50,000.
Asusual, Britain lies between Europe and America. In Germany, home teaching isiliegal. In America, its huge; over 1 million children are home-schooled,mainly by religious parents. These are a small minority among British homeeducators, who consist mainly of two types: hippyish middle-class parentswho dislike schools on principle, and those whose children are unhappy atschool.
Thegrowth is overwhelmingly in this second category, says Roland Meighan, ahome-education expert and publisher. One reason is that technology has madehome-education easier. The internet allows parents to know as much as teachers.It is a way of organizing get-togethers, sharing tips and outwitting officialhassles. That supplements events such as the annual hoe-education festival lastweek, where 1,600 parents and children enjoyed Egyptian dancing andlabyrinth-building on a muddy hillside in Devon.
Buta bigger reason for the growth is changing attitudes. Centralization,government targets and a focus on exams have made state schools lesscustomer-friendly and more boring. Classes are still strictly based on agegroups, which is hard for children who differ sharply from the average. Mr.Fortune Wood notes that the National Health Service is now far moreaccommodating of patients' wishes about timing, venue and treatment. "It'sall happened in health. Why cant it happen in education?" he asks.
Perhapsbecause other businesses tend to make more effort to satisfy individual needs,parents are getting increasingly picky. In the past, if their child wasbullied, not coping or bored, they tended to put up with it. Now they complain,and if that doesn't work they vote with their (children's) feet. Someeducationalists worry that home-schooling may hurt children's psychological andeducational development. Home educators cite statistics showing that it helpsboth educational attainment and the course of grown-up.
Labor'slatest big idea in education is "personalization", which is intendsto allow much more flexible timing and choice of subjects. In theory, thatmight stem the drift to home-schooling. Many home educators would like to beable to use school facilities occasionally —- in science lessons, say, or tosit exams. But for now, schools, and the officials who regulate them, like thenear-monopoly created by the rule of "all or nothing".
51.Why does the writer believe that British is between Europe and the United States?
A. Because home-schooling islegal, but relatively few parents choose to do it.
B. Because some parentshome-school their children, but not for religious reasons.
C. Because home-schooling islegal, but not for religious reasons.
D. Because Britain is usually betweenEurope and the United States on social issues.
52.Parents who home-school their children use the internet for ______.
A. teaching their children acommon syllabus
B. teaching their children betterthan teachers in schools
C. sharing ideas on how to avoidproblems with government officials
D. teaching their childrenpractical skills such as dancing and building
53.Why does the writer compare education and health service?
A. They are both servicesprovided by the state.
B. More peopleare choosing private education and private health services nowadays.
C. The writerwants to show that state-run organization can be flexible.
D. The healthservice is used to dealing with children who differ from the average.
54.What is the meaning of "picky" la paragraph-5, line 2?
A. choosy
B. impatient
C. outspoken
D. optional
55.The main purpose of the text is to ______.
A. supporthome-schooling
B. opposehome-schooling
C. point out that parents (mums and dads) may be mistaken if theybelieve that home-schooling offers them more choice.
D. outline thereasons behind the growth in home-schooling in Britain
Passage 2
Questions 56 to 60 arebased on the following passage:
Commutertrains are often stuffy and crowded, and they frequently fail to run on time.As if that were not bad enough, Tsuyoshi Hondo, a physicist at TohokuUniversity in Japan, published a paper in 2002 that give commuters yetanother reason to feel-uncomfortable: Dr. Hondo examined mobile-phone usage inenclosed spaces such as railway carriages, bushes and lifts, all of which arein essence, mete) boxes. His model predicted that a large number of passengerscrowded together, all blathering sending text messages, or browsing the web ontheir phones, could produce levels of electromagnetic radiation that exceedinternational safety standards. That is because the radio waves produced byeach phone are reflected off the metal walls of the carriage, bus or lift.Enough radiation escapes to allow the phone to communicate with fee network,but the rest bathes the inside of the carriage with bouncing microwaves.
Thissounds worrying. Bui maybe it isn't after all. In a paper published recently inApplied rhymes Letters, Jaime Ferreer and Lucas Fernandez-Seivane from the University of Oviedo in Spain — along with colleagues from the Polytechnic of Madrid andTelefonica Movies, a Spanish mobile operator dispute Dr. Hondou's findings.They conclude that the level of radiation is safe after all.
Theykey addition to the new research is the effect of the passengers themselves.Wh.ie each phone produces radiation that bounces around the car, the passengersabsorb some of it, which has the effect of reducing the overall intensity, justas the presence of an audience changes the acoustics of a concert hall, makingit less reverberant. Dr. Hondou's model, in short, was valid, only in the caseof a single passenger sitting in an empty carriage with an active mobile phoneon every seat.
WhileDr. Hondou acknowledged this in his original paper, he did not specificallycalculate the effect that leaving out the other passengers would have on theradiation level. As a result, say the authors of the new paper, hesignificantly overestimated the level of electromagnetic radiation. When one issitting on a train, Dr. Ferrer and his colleagues found, the most importantsources of radiation are one's own phone, and those of one's immediateneighbors. The radiation from these sources far exceeds that from other phonesor from waves bouncing around the carriage. And all these sources togetherproduce a level of radiation within the bounds defined by the 1CNIRP, theinternational body that regulates such matters.
56. According to paragraph 1, the essential common characteristic oftrain carriages, bushes, and lifts is that ______.
A. they areall metal boxes
B. they areoften stuffy and overcrowded
C. they allallow enough radiation to escape for mobile communications to take place
D. people usetheir mobile phones in them
57. How could "levels of electromagnetic radiation that exceed internationalsafety standards" be produced?
A. Mobilephones give off a lot of electromagnetic radiation.
B. Traincarriages, bushes, and lifts are not safe places to use mobile phones.
C. A lot ofpeople could use their mobile phones in a confined space at the sametime.
D. Blatheringproduces radio waves which bounce around the interior of these places.
58.Why do the Spanish researchers dispute Dr. Hondou's theory?
A. Becausethey are funded by a mobile phone operator.
B. Becausepeople absorb electromagnetic radiation.
C. Becauseelectromagnetic radiation isn't dangerous at all.
D. Because Dr.Hondou assumed that every single person was using their mobile phone at exactlythe same time.
59.Dr. Hondou's research was not enough because ______.
A. he didn'thave enough time to assess everything before his paper was published
B. he didn't admit that the people in the train carriages, bushes,and lifts could influence the level of electromagnetic radiation.
C. he didn'tinvestigate the effect of people on electromagnetic radiation levels
D. Japan is a crowded country where people often use mobile phones, so he only looked at thatspecific situation.
60. According to the Spanish researchers,which of the following statements is true?
A. The closeryou are to a mobile phone, the greater your exposure to electromagneticradiation.
B. The closer you are to a mobile phone that is being used to sendand receive signals, the greater your exposure to electromagnetic radiation.
C. The amountof electromagnetic radiation reflected by metal is almost too small to bemeasured.
D. Youshouldn't stand close to people who are using their mobile phones in traincarriages, bushes, and lifts.
Passage 3
Questions 61 to 65 arebased on the following passage:
Menand women do think differently, at least where the anatomy of the brain isconcerned, according to a new study. The brain is made primarily of twodifferent types of tissue, called gray matter and white matter. This newresearch reveals that men think more with gray matter, and women think morewith white. Researchers stressed that just because the two sexes thinkdifferently, this does not affect intellectual performance.
Psychologyprofessor Richard Haier of the University of California, Irvine led the researchalong with colleagues from the University of new Mexico. Their findings showthat in general, men have nearly 6.6 times the amount of gray matter related togeneral intelligence compared with women, whereas women have nearly 10 timesthe amount of white matter related to intelligence compared to men. "Thesefindings suggest that evolution has created two different types of brainsdesigned for equally intelligence behavior," said Haier, adding that,"by pinpointing these gender-based intelligence areas, the study has thepotential to aid research on dementia and other cognitive impairment diseasesin brain.
Theresults are detailed in the online version of the journal Neurolmage. In humanbrains, gray matter represents information processing centers, whereas whitematter works to network these processing centers. The results from this studymay help explain why men and women excel at different types of tasks, saidco-author and neuron-psychologist Rex Jung of the University of New Mexico. For example, men tend to do better, with tasks requiring more localized processing,such as mathematics, Jung said, while women are better at integrating andassimilating information from distributed gray-matter regions of the brain,which aids language skills. Scientists find it very interesting that white menand women use two very different activity centers and neurological pathways,men and women perform equally well on board measures of cognitive ability-suchas intelligence tests.
Thisresearch also gives insight to why different types of head injuries are moredisastrous to one sex or the other. For example, in women 84 percent, of graymatter regions and 86 percent of white matter regions involved in intellectualperformance were located in the frontal lobes, whereas the percentages of theseregions in a man's frontal lobes are 45 percent and zero, respectively. Thismatches up well with clinical data that shows frontal damage in women to bemuch more destructive than the same type of damage in men. Both Haier and Junghope that this research will someday help doctors diagnose brain disorders inmen and women earlier, as well as provide help designing more effective andprecise treatments for brain damage. 61. Which of the following statements istrue, according to paragraph 1? A. The brain is a monolithic organ. B.Intellectual ability depends on which part of the brain is used. C.Intellectual ability varies between men and women. D. The anatomy of men'sbrains and women's brains differ.
62.According to paragraph 2, this discovery is significant because______.
A. it is necessary to understandthe anatomy of the brain when dealing with disease that affect thoughtprocesses.
B. it shows that men and womenare equally intelligent
C. it shows that men and womenare equally intelligent overall, but specialize in different ways of thinking
D. many diseases of the brain arespecific to gender or the other
63.Which of the following statements is true about gray brain matter?
A. It helps put togetherinformation from different parts of the brain.
B. It is used for processinginformation.
C. There isless of it in men's brains.
D. There is adirect correlation between the amount of gray matter and mathematical ability.
64.Which of the following statements is true about white brain matter?
A. Women have more of it thanmen.
B. It is used for puttingtogether information from different parts of the brain.
C. There is a direct correlationbetween the amount of white brain matter and linguistic ability.
D. The amount of white brainmatter is not directly related to overall intelligence.
65.The final paragraph suggests that ______.
A. Men and women are equallyintelligent
B. Men and women have differentfrontal lobes
C. Head injuries can have variedeffects, according to whether a person is male or female
D. The research will be useful toother scientists
Passage4
Questions 66 to 70 are based on the following passage:
Childrenare getting so fat they may be the first generation to die before theirparents, an expert claimed yesterday.
Today'syoungsters are already falling prey to potential killers such as diabetesbecause of their weight. Fatty fast-food diets combined with sedentarylifestyles dominated by televisions and computers could mean kids will dietragically young, says Professor Andrew Prentice, from the London School ofHygiene and Tropical Medicine.
Atthe same time, the shape of the human body is going through a huge evolutionaryshift because adults are getting so fat. Here in Britain, latest research showsthat the average waist size for a man is 36-38in and may be 42-44 in by 2032.
Thiscompares with only 32.6in in 1972. Women's waists have grown from an average of 22in in 1920 to 24 ins in the Fifties and 30in now. One of the major reasons why children now are at greater risk is that we are getting fatter younger. In the UK alone, more than one million under-16s are classed asoverweight or obese double the number in the mid-Eighties. One in tenfour-year-olds are also medically classified as obese. The obesity pandemic —an extensive epidemic — which started in the US, has now spread to Europe, Australia, Central America and t he Middle East.
Manynations now record more than 20 per cent of their population as clinicallyobese and well over half the population as overweight. Prof Prentice said thechange in our shape has been caused by a glut of easily available high-energyfoods combined with a dramatic drop in the energy we use as a result oftechnology developments.
Heis not alone in his concern. Only last week one medical journal revealed howobesity was fuelling a rise in cancer cases. Obesity also increases the riskfactor for strokes and heart disease. An averagely obese person's lifespan isshortened by around nine years while a severely obese person by many more.
ProfPrentice said: "So will parents outlive their children, as claimedrecently by an American obesity specialist?" The answer is yes — and no.Yes, when the offspring become grossly obese. This is now becoming analarmingly common occurrence in the US. Such children and adolescents havea greatly reduced quality of life in terms of both their physical andpsychosocial health. So say No to that doughnut and burger.
66.What does the word "sedentary (Para. 2)" mean?
A. sit still.
B. eat too much.
C. study veryhard.
D. passivethinking.
67.Which statement is TRUE?
A. The average waist size for aman is 36-38in.
B. The average waist size for awoman is 30in.
C. In the mid-Eighties, more thanhalf million under-16s in the UK are classed as overweight.
D. The obesity pandemic has nowspread to South America.
68.According to Prof Prentice, what are the reasons for the change in our shape?
A. We eat too much and refuse todo physical exercises.
B. High-energy foods are easy toget and technology develops fast.
C. High-energy foods are the maindiet and we use technology.
D. High-energy foods are easy toget and we consume less energy.
69.Obesity increases the risk factor of ______.
A. diabetes, short sight, cancer,strokes
B. diabetes, cancer, strokes,psychosocial illness
C. cancer, strokes, fatty, heartdisease
D. strokes, heart disease,diabetes, headache
70.What does the author mean by "So say No to that doughnut and burger"?
A. Answering the question"will parents outlive their children?”.
B. The doughnut and burger shouldbe banned.
C. We should lead a healthy life.
D. We should begin dieting.
答案：
1-10 D B C C A A C B D A
11-20 B C A D B D C B A B
21-30C A B D C A B D C A
31-40D C A B B A D C A B
41-50C C B A D B A D C A
51-60A C C A D A C B C B
61-70D A B C C A C D B C
Part III Error correction (10 points)
Directions: This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, thereare altogether 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. You may have to change aword, add a word or delete a word. If you change a word, cross it out and writethe correct word in the corresponding blank. If you add a word, put aninsertion (A) in the correct place and write the missing word in the blank. Ifyou delete a word, cross it out and be sure to put a slash (/) in the blank.
Example:
Television is rapidly becomingthe literature of our period. 1.time
Manyof the arguments having used for the study of literature as a 2.school
subjectare valid for A study of television. 3.The
Until the very latest moment ofhis existence, man has been bound to
theplanet on which he originated and developed.
Nowhe had the capability to leave that planet 1.______.
andmove out into the universe to those worlds which he has
known previously only directly. Men haveexplored parts of 2. ______.
themoon, put spaceships in orbit around another planet and
possiblywithin the decade will land into another planet and 3.______.
exploreit. Can we be too bold as to suggest that we may be 4.______.
ableto colonize other planet within the not-too-distant 5.______.
future?Some have advocated such a procedure as a solution
tothe population problem: ship the excess people off to the
moon.But we must keep in head the billions of dollars we 6.______.
mightspend in carrying out the project, J o maintain the
earth'spop at its present level, we would have to last oft
intospace7,500people every how of every day of the year.
Why we spending so little moneyon space 7.______.
expleration? consider the great need for improving many 8.______.
aspectsof the global environment, one is surely justified in
hisconcern for the money and resources that they are poured 9.______.
intothe space exploration efforts. But perhaps we should
lookat both sides of the coin before arriving hasty 10.______.
conclusions.
PART IV Translation (10 points)
Translate the following passage into English.
我赞成这样的理想：人应该各反面都很出色，既要有头脑，也要有健美的体格。我希望能得到某种幸福和快乐。美国是能得到这些东西的最好的地方，因为这里的人和他们的思想来自世界各地方。至今到美国来寻梦的大有人在。
现在我明白了，决定美国梦能否实现的不是教育，不是机会，也不是艰苦的工作，而是权势和恐惧感。你在企业里爬到的地位很高，你失去的东西就越多。美国梦并没有破灭。今天在美国十分流行的想法就是：千万不能失去梦想。
PART V WRITING (15 points)
Directions: Forthis part, you are allowed 30 minutes to writea composition of no less than 200 words under the title of "What will money bring us, fortune or misfortune？” Your composition should be based on the following storygiven in Chinese. Give at least two reasons to support your choice.
夺命之物
一栋住宅楼发生了大火，一个中年男子在大火中丧生。奇怪的是，他5岁的儿子明明却逃了出来。有人问明明：“你是怎么逃出来的？”明明说：“我拿了一块湿毛巾捂住鼻子，贴在地上爬…”，这是科学有效的逃生方法。
人们不解：“你爸爸不会这么做吗？”
明明说：“会，是爸爸教我这么做的。爸爸和我一直爬到了门口，他说忘了一件东西，就又爬回去了。”
参加救火的消防员说，他们发现那具男尸时，他的手里紧紧攥着一沓百元大钞。
于是，人们明白了：有一种东西杀人夺命，比大火还厉害。（摘自《深圳青年》第三期上半月刊，作者廖钧）
2006年春季上海理工大学考博英语真题及详解
Part I Vocabulary (25points)
Directions: There are50 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choicesmarked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Thenmark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line throughthe center.
1.Don’t take it for granted that her silence ______ consent.
A. expresses
B. rectifies
C. signifies
D. justifies
【答案】C查看答案
【解析】句意：你可别认为她沉默就是表示赞同了。signify表明某事物，表示。express表达。rectify矫正，调整。justify证明…是正当的。
2. Some people want only real flowers on their tables while otherslike to have ______ ones.
A. fashionable
B. synthetic
C. false
D. artificial
【答案】D查看答案
【解析】句意：有些人喜欢在桌子上摆放鲜花，有些人则喜欢放假花。artificial人造的，人工的。artificial flowers假花。synthetic用合成法制造的。
3. It is not as difficult to store information as it is to ______ itquickly when it is wanted again.
A. represent
B. retain
C. restore
D. retrieve
【答案】D查看答案
【解析】retrieveinformation检索储存的信息。
4. The landlady fired the servant who ______ household funds for herown rise.
A. robbed
B. pocketed
C. mugged
D. clenched
【答案】B查看答案
【解析】pocket将某物据为己有。mug突击式学习。clench紧握，牢牢抓住。
5. “Better late than never” is a ______ that is very familiar tomost English speakers.
A. plaudit
B. plenary
C. plenty
D. platitude
【答案】D查看答案
【解析】句意：“晚做总比不做好”是绝大部分说英语的人都熟悉的陈词滥调。platitude陈词滥调。plaudit喝彩。plenary绝对的，全权的。
6. His thoughts were ______ from the painful topic by the suddenarrival of a close friend.
A. dissuaded
B. distracted
C. discerned
D. discounted
【答案】B查看答案
【解析】句意：一位好朋友的突然来访分散了他痛苦的沉思。distract from分散或扰乱某人注意力。dissuade sb. from doing企图劝阻某人。discern（费力）辨认，识别。discount折扣。
7.My panic was ______ and ceased when I began to have my class.
A. transient
B. permanent
C. trivial
D. contemporary
【答案】A查看答案
【解析】句意：我的恐慌是暂时的，我上课时它就停止了。transient短暂的，瞬时的。permanent永久的，持久的。trivial琐碎的，微不足道的。contemporary同时代的，当代的。
8. The professor found himself constantly ______ the question: “Howcould anyone do these things?”
A. poring
B. pondering
C. presiding
D. presuming
【答案】B查看答案
【解析】句意“教授发现自己不断地沉思着这个问题…。ponder深思，仔细考虑。pore over仔细审查。preside主持，掌管。presume假设，推测。
9. The unruly crowd became even more ______ when the negotiatortried to quiet them.
A. bombastic
B. boorish
C. boisterous
D. bloated
【答案】C查看答案
【解析】句意：当谈判代表试图让他们安静下来时，混乱的人群变得更为喧闹。boisterous狂暴的，喧闹的。bombastic夸大的，言过其实的。boorish粗鄙的，粗野的。bloated肿胀的。
10. The belief that one should work hard and be honest is deeply______ in our culture.
A. incurred
B. ingenuous
C. ingredient
D. ingrained
【答案】D查看答案
【解析】句意：“勤劳诚实”这信念在我们的文化中根深蒂固。ingrain根深蒂固的。incur招致，引起。ingenuous坦白的，直率的。ingredient成分，因素。
11. The facts have proved that they all have the ______ of solvingpractical problems.
A. capability
B. ability
C. capacity
D. power
【答案】A查看答案
【解析】capability，capacity和ability均有“有能力”的意思，但ability常与to连用，capacity常与for连用，capability of doing能做某事的素质，能力。
12. All the people in the stadium cheered up when they saw hundredsof colorful balloons ______ slowly into the sky.
A. elevating
B. lingering
C. ascending
D. escalating
【答案】C查看答案
【解析】句意：看到五颜六色的气球缓缓升上天空，运动场上的人们欢呼起来。ascend上升，升高。elevate将…举起，提到更高的地位。linger逗留，徘徊。escalate使逐步增长或发展。
13. In the vicinity there are several approved by the university whotake in ______.
A. settlers
B. residents
C. inhabitants
D. ledgers
【答案】D查看答案
【解析】句意：附近有几家被大学批准接受寄宿者的地方。lodger寄宿者，投宿者。settler移民者。resident居民。inhabitant居民，居住者。
14. In order to prevent a sudden outbreak of hostilities, we mustgive our rivals no ______ hints.
A. primitive
B. proximate
C. pathetic
D. provocative
【答案】D查看答案
【解析】句意“为了避免突然的敌意，我们必须谨防给对手挑衅性暗示。provocative煽动的，挑衅性的。primitive原始的，简单的。proximate最近的。pathetic可怜的，悲惨的。
15.The measures will ______ the hostility between the two groups.
A. impede
B. persecute
C. merge
D. perpetuate
【答案】C查看答案
【解析】句意：该措施将会消除两队间的敌意。merge逐渐消失或变成另一种事物。impede阻碍，妨碍。persecute迫害。perpetuate使永存，使不朽。
16. Someone must have ______ about among my papers, for my drawer isin a mess.
A. rampaged
B. rehearsed
C. rummaged
D. rescinded
【答案】C查看答案
【解析】句意：肯定有人翻过我的文件，因为抽屉一片混乱。rummage到处翻找或搜寻。rampage发怒，狂暴。rehearse预演，排练。rescind废除。
17.I just want an ordinary car without the ______.
A. auxiliaries
B. refinements
C. frills
D. supplements
【答案】C查看答案
【解析】句意：我只是想要一辆普通的车，不需要有华而不实的附加物。frill华而不实的附加物。auxiliary辅助的事物。refinement（技术等）精巧的改进，改良。supplement补充。
18.There is no reason to insult and ______ the man simply because you do not agree with him.
A. deface
B. defame
C. distort
D. devalue
【答案】B查看答案
【解析】句意：如果仅仅因为不同意一个人的观点就去侮辱和诽谤他是没有道理的。defame诽谤。deface损坏外观或清晰度。distort歪曲，扭曲。devalue降低，贬值。
19.The magician’s talk creates a (n) ______ of attention so that the audience does not see how he does histricks.
A. diversion
B. derivation
C. disorder
D.interference
【答案】A查看答案
【解析】diversion为转移注意力而制造的假象，转移视线的事物。derivation发展，起源。interference冲突，干涉。
20.Besides washing the cut, you should put some ______ on it in case you have got some dirt in it.
A. deodorant
B.disinfectant
C. antidote
D. antiseptic
【答案】D查看答案
【解析】antiseptic（用于防止伤口感染的）抗菌剂，消毒剂。deodorant除臭剂。disinfectant消毒剂，杀菌剂。antidote解毒剂。
21.The glass vessels should be handled most carefully since they are ______.
A. crisp
B. intricate
C. subtle
D. fragile
【答案】D查看答案
【解析】句意：要小心拿放这些玻璃器皿，因为它们易碎。fragile易碎的，脆的。crisp（食品，蔬菜）脆的。intricate错综的，难以理解的。subtle微妙的，精细的。
22.All of us hated all forms of ______ on the basis of race and sex.
A. domination
B.discrimination
C. diversion
D. dissipation
【答案】B查看答案
【解析】句意：我们所有人都很讨厌建立在种族性别基础上的任何形式的歧视。discrimination歧视。domination统治，支配。diversion转移视线的事物。dissipation挥霍，浪费。
23.You have to see these changes in ______ they’re part of a larger plan.
A. precedence
B. context
C. assortment
D. coverage
【答案】B查看答案
【解析】句意：你应该在大背景中看待这些变化：它们是一个大计划的一部分。context环境，背景。precedence优先，居先。assortment分类。coverage覆盖。
24. She strongly ______ the government’s hypocrisy in dealing with the Israeli-Palestineissue.
A. denounced
B. impeached
C. renounced
D. degraded
【答案】A查看答案
【解析】句意：她强烈谴责政府在处理巴以问题上的伪善。denounce公开指责，谴责。impeach控告，弹劾。renounce断绝关系。degrade使降级，使退化。
25.Several months have ______ and I haven’t gathered enough materials for my thesis.
A. escaped
B. elicited
C. elapsed
D. departed
【答案】C查看答案
【解析】句意：几个月过去了，然而我还没有搜集到足够的论文素材。elapse（时间）消逝，过去。escape逃脱，溜走。elicit得出，引出。depart离开，启程。
26.After investigation it was proved that the ______ letter was written by a teacher.
A. anonymous
B. simultaneous
C. spontaneous
D. homogeneous
【答案】A查看答案
【解析】ananymous letter匿名信。simultaneous同时的，同时发生的。spontaneous自发的，自然产生的。homogeneous同类的，相似的。
27.Only you’d better work ______ others can you accomplish the work in time.
A. in accord with
B. in collaboration with
C. in conformity with
D. in contact with
【答案】B查看答案
【解析】句意：你只有与别人合作，才能及时完成任务。in collaboration with与…合作。in accord with与…一致。in conformity with与…相适应，遵照。in contact with与…接触。
28.The rain sent all the farmers who were working in the fields ______ for shelter.
A. scampering
B. scurrying
C. shuttling
D. shuddering
【答案】B查看答案
【解析】句意：这阵雨把大家浇得纷纷找地方躲避。scurry小步疾跑。scamper（儿童及小动物）奔跑，蹦蹦跳跳。shuttle穿梭般往返移动。shudder发抖，战栗。
29.We all wanted to go tomorrow, but he had to be ______, and chose to go today.
A. perverse
B. perverted
C. pervious
D. persistent
【答案】C查看答案
【解析】句意：我们都想明天走，但他却不得不提前，选择今天走。previous（时间或顺序上）先的，前的。perverse固执错误的，不合常情的。perverted使人堕落的。persistent持久稳固的。
30.The children like to ______ the new English teacher, who has a noticeable manner of walking.
A. take out
B. take over
C. take down
D. take off
【答案】A查看答案
【解析】take sb. out伴随或陪伴某人。take over控制，接管。take down取下，记下（某事）。take off飞机起飞，产品等大受欢迎。
31.The young lady had a rather ______ occupation and she made a lot of money in a short time.
A. shady
B. shabby
C. shadowy
D. sheer
【答案】B查看答案
【解析】句意：这位年轻女士有份不正当职业，短时期内挣了许多钱。shabby（行为）卑劣而不正当的，不光彩的。shady不太正直的，名声不好的。shadowy模糊的，多影子的。sheer完全的，十足的。
32.He was too ______ to admit that he had been wrong.
A. impervious
B. versatile
C. obstinate
D. erratic
【答案】C查看答案
【解析】句意：他非常顽固，不愿承认自己错了。obstinate固执的，顽固的。impervious不受影响的，无动于衷的。versatile多才多艺的，万能的。erratic无常的，不可靠的。
33.Cancer of the liver, if malicious, in ordinary ______, will surely lead to death.
A. fashion
B. manner
C. practice
D. parlance
【答案】D查看答案
【解析】句意：肝癌，如果是恶性的，用普通的说法就是肯定会导致死亡。in ordinary parlance用普通的说法。
34.His extreme nervousness ______ his ability to speak in front of large groups of people.
A. hindered
B. fostered
C. impeded
D. accelerated
【答案】C查看答案
【解析】impede阻碍，妨碍，使得事物进展非常缓慢，本处指的是“极度紧张使得他在大群人跟前讲话的能力进展非常缓慢”。hinder阻碍，妨碍某事物的进展，所表示的“阻碍”含有令人厌恶的意思。foster培养，鼓励。accelerate加速，促进。
35.When supply exceeds demand for any product, prices are ______ to fall.
A. timely
B. liable
C. simultaneous
D. subject
【答案】B查看答案
【解析】句意：任何产品供给大于需求时，价格往往会下降。be liable to do有…的倾向。simultaneous同时的，同时发生的。timely及时的，合时宜的。be subject to“倾向于，易于…”后接名词。
36. The ______ hasleft for the Antarctic and it will come back in six months.
A. expedition
B. execution
C. exploration
D. delegation
【答案】A查看答案
【解析】句意：探险队去了南极洲，6个月后才会回来。expedition探险队。execution执行，完成。exploration勘探，探测。delegation代表团。
37.The treasurer was ______ from the club for breaking the rules.
A. repelled
B. expelled
C. excelled
D. exploited
【答案】B查看答案
【解析】句意：出纳员由于违反了规则而被逐出俱乐部。expel驱逐，开除。repel击退，抵制。excel优秀，胜过他人。exploit开采，剥削。
38. I bought an alarm clock with a(n) ______dial, which can be seen dearly in the dark.
A. audible
B. amplified
C. supersonic
D. luminous
【答案】D查看答案
【解析】句意：我买了一个夜光表面的闹钟，在黑暗中也能看清楚时间。luminous发光的，光亮的。audible听得见的。amplified放大的，增大的。supersonic超音波的。
39. A(n) ______ sentenceis of doubtful meaning because it can be interpreted in more than one way.
A. affirmative
B. unanimous
C. negative
D. ambiguous
【答案】D查看答案
【解析】ambiguoussentence歧义句。affirmative肯定的，表示同意的。unanimous意见一致的，无异议的。
40.Her jewelry ______ under the spotlights and she became the dominant figure at the ball.
A. blazed
B. dazzled
C. glared
D. glittered
【答案】D查看答案
【解析】句意：她的珠宝在聚光灯下闪闪发光，使她成了舞会的焦点人物。glitter闪耀，闪光。blaze照耀，燃烧。dazzle使人目眩，眼花缭乱。glare发出炫目，令人不快的强光。
41.The rain was very heavy and ______ the land was flooded.
A. consequently
B. continuously
C. constantly
D. consistently
【答案】A查看答案
【解析】句意：雨很大，结果土地被洪水淹没了。consequently所以，因而。continuously不断地，连续地。constantly经常地，不变地。consistently一贯，始终如一地。
42. I ______ thebottle to pieces against the rock.
A. splashed
B. smashed
C. fractured
D. cracked
【答案】B查看答案
【解析】句意：我把瓶子扔向岩石，摔得粉碎。smash sth. against使撞上某物。splash溅起，溅落。fracture使折断，破碎。crack sth on/against猛击某物。
43. The young woman was very angry with her husband because he had ______ all her beautiful clothes on thebed.
A. rippled
B. crumbled
C. rumpled
D. ruptured
【答案】C查看答案
【解析】rumple弄皱或弄乱某物。ripple使起伏。crumble将某物弄碎，弄成碎屑。rupture破裂，断绝。
44.All of us were impressed by her ______ complexion.
A. fluffy
B. floral
C. florid
D. fluid
【答案】C查看答案
【解析】fluffy有绒毛的。floral用花做的。florid红润的。florid complexion红润的面色。fluid流动的，可改变的。
45.The scientists have made ______ plans for landing a man on the moon.
A. skeptical
B. eloquent
C. deliberate
D. elaborate
【答案】D查看答案
【解析】句意：科学家们对人类登月做了详细计划。elaborate详尽而复杂的，精心制作的。skeptical怀疑的，不肯相信的。eloquent有口才的，雄辩的。deliberate审慎的，小心翼翼的。
46.They were completely ______ by the heavy rain.
A. drenched
B. drowned
C. parched
D. merged
【答案】A查看答案
【解析】drench使湿透。drown溺死，淹死。parch烤干，烘干。merge合并，并入。
47. From the hill top we can see horses are______ here and them in the pasture.
A. gazing
B. biting
C. licking
D. devouring
【答案】A查看答案
【解析】graze（牛羊等）吃草。bite咬（某物，某人）。lick舔。devour贪婪地吃，吞噬。
48.Grain production in the world is ______, but still millions go hungry.
A. soaring
B. staggering
C. shrinking
D. suspending
【答案】A查看答案
【解析】句意：世界粮食生产迅速上升，但仍然有数百万人口挨饿。soar迅速上涨。stagger踉跄，使震惊。shrink收缩，萎缩。suspend悬挂，使悬浮。
49.The medicine ______ his pain but did not cure his illness.
A. mediated
B. deteriorated
C. activated
D. alleviated
【答案】D查看答案
【解析】句意：药物减轻了他的疼痛，但不能治愈他的疾病。alleviate使（苦痛）减轻，易于忍受。mediate仲裁，调停。deteriorate使恶化。activate使活动，使活化。
50. He was a very kind person. He always______ to do whatever he could for us.
A. grudged
B. volunteered
C. hesitated
D. regretted
【答案】B查看答案
【解析】句意：他是个很热心的人，他总是自愿帮我们做所有他能做的事情。volunteer to do自愿或无偿效劳。grudge sth.怨恨某事物，勉强做某事。hesitate犹豫，踌躇。regret遗憾，后悔。
Part II ReadingComprehension (30 points)
Directions: There are4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions orunfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, Cand D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letteron the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.
Passage 1
Questions 51 to 55 arebased on the following passage:
Americans today don’t place a very high value on intellect. Our heroes areathletes, entertainers, and entrepreneurs, not scholars. Even our schools are wherewe send our ehildron to get a practical education—not to pursue knowledge forthe sake of knowledge. Symptoms of pervasive anti-intellectualism in ourschools aren’t difficult to find.
“Schools have always been in a society where practical is more important thanintellectual,” says education writer Diane Ravitch. “Schools could be acounterbalance.” Ravitch’s latest book, Left Back: A Century of FailedSchool Reforms, traces the roots of anti-intellectualism in our schools,concluding they are anything but a counterbalance to the American distaste for intellectualpursuits.
But they could and should be. Encouraging kids to reject the life of the mindleaves them vulnerable to exploitation and control. Without the ability tothink critically, to defend their ideas and understand the ideas of others,they cannot fully participate in our democracy. Continuing along this path,says writer Earl Shorris, “We will become a second-rate country. We will have aless civil society.”
“Intellect is resented as a form of power or privilege,” writes historian andprofessor Richard Hofstadter in Anti-Intellectualism in American life, aPulitzer Prize winning book on the roots of anti-intellectualism in USpolitics, religion, and education. From the beginning of our history, says Hofstadter,our democratic and populist urges have driven us to reject anything that smellsof elitism. Practicality, common sense, and native intelligence have beenconsidered more noble qualities than anything you could learn from a book.
Ralph Waldo Emerson and other Transcendentalist philosophers thought schoolingand rigorous book learning put unnatural restraints on children: “We are shutup in schools and college recitation rooms for 10 or 15 years and come out atlast with a bellyful of words and do not know a thing.” Mark Twain’s HuckleberryFinn exemplified American anti-intellectualism. Its hero avoids beingcivilized—going to school and learning to read—so he can preserve his innate goodness.
Intellect, according to Hofstadter, is different from native intelligence, aquality we reluctantly admire. Intellect is the critical, creative, andcontemplative side of the mind. Intelligence seeks to grasp, manipulate,re-order, and adjust, while intellect examines, ponders, wonders, theorizes,criticizes and imagines.
School remains a place where intellect is mistrusted. Hofstathar says ourcountry’s educational system is in the grips of people who “joyfully andmilitantly proclaim their hostility to intellect and their eagerness toidentify with children who show the least intellectual promise.”
51. What do American parents expect their children to acquire inschool?
A. The habit ofthinking independently.
B. Profoundknowledge of the world.
C. Practicalabilities for future career.
D. The confidencein intellectual pursuits.
52. We can learn from the text thatAmericans have a history of ______.
A. undervaluingintellect
B. favoringintellectualism
C. supportingschool reform
D. suppressingnative intelligence
53. The views of Ravitch and Emerson onschooling are ______.
A. identical
B. similar
C. complementary
D. opposite
54. Emerson, according to the text, isprobably ______.
A. a pioneer ofeducation reform
B. an opponent ofintellectualism
C. a scholar infavor of intellect
D. an advocate ofregular schooling
55. What does the author think ofintellect?
A. It is secondto intelligence.
B. It evolvesfrom common sense.
C. It is to bepursued.
D. It underliespower.
【答案与解析】
51.C 文中第一段，作者提到如今we send our children to get a practical education“接受实用教育”，而不是让孩子们单纯为了学习知识而上学。选项C“为将来的职业掌握实用能力”正确。
52.A 从文中的anti-intellectualism，以及from the beginning of our history，民主主义者和人民党敦促大家拒绝anything smells of elitism等处可推断美国历史上可能对intellect有过偏见，低估了它的价值，选项A正确。
53.D 第二段阐述了Ravitch对学校的看法schools could be a counterbalance“学校能够在实用性和知识性方面取得平衡”，他对学校持肯定态度，而第五段，爱默生则认为“学校和书本知识学习给孩子们增添了约束”，对学校持否定看法，因此两人观点相反，选项D正确。
54.B 通过文中第五段爱默生对学校的评价：schooling and rigorous book learning put unnatural restraints on children“学校和书本知识学习给孩子们增添了约束”，可以判断他反对知性教育，选项B正确。
55.C 通过第三段，作者叙述的“鼓励孩子拒绝理性思维会leave them vulnerable to exploitation and control”，以及“缺乏批判性思考的能力去保护自己的观点和理解他人的观点，他们就cannot fully participate in our democracy”可判断作者认为还是应该支持intellect pursuit，选项C正确。
Passage 2
Questions 56 to 60 arebased on the following passage:
Since the dawn of human ingenuity, people have devised ever more cunning toolsto cope with work that is dangerous, boring, burdensome, or just plain nasty.That compulsion has resulted in robotics—the science of conferring varioushuman capabilities on machines. And if scientists have yet to create themechanical version of science fiction, they have begun to come close.
As a result, the modem world is increasingly populated by intelligent gizmoswhose presence we barely notice but w hose universal existence has removed muchhuman labor. Our factories hum to the rhythm of robot assembly arms. Ourbanking is done at automated teller terminals that thank us with mechanicalpoliteness for the transaction. Our subways are controlled by tireless robot-drivers.And thanks to the continual miniaturization of electronics and miero-mechenies,there are already robot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bonesurgery with sub-millimeter accuracy —far greater precision than highly skilledphysicians can achieve with their hands alone.
But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility, they willhave to operate with less human supervision and be able to make at least a fewdecisions for themselves—goals that pose a real challenge. “While we know howto tell a robot to handle a specific error,” says Dave Lavery, manager of arobotics program at NASA, “We can’t yet give a robot enough ‘common sense’ toreliably interact with a dynamic world”.
Indeed the quest for true artificial intelligence has produced very mixedresults. Despite a spell of initial optimism in the 1960s and 1970s when itappeared that transistor circuits and microprocessors might be able to copy theaction of the human brain by the year 2010, researchers lately have begun toextend that forecast by decades if not centuries.
What they found, in attempting to model thought, is that the human brain’sroughly one hundred billion nerve cells are much more talented and humanperception far more complicated—than previously imagined They have built robotsthat can recognize the error of a machine panel by a fraction of a millimeterin a controlled factory environment. But the human mind can glimpse a rapidlychanging scene end immediately disregard the 98 percent that is irrelevant,instantaneously focusing on the monkey at the side of winding forest road orthe single suspicious face in a big crowd. The most advanced computer systemson Earth can’t approach that kind of ability, and neuroscientists still don’tknow quite how we do it.
56.Human ingenuity was initially demonstrated in ______.
A. the use ofmachines to produce science fiction
B. the wide useof machines in manufacturing industry
C. the inventionof tools for difficult and dangerous work
D. the elite’scunning tackling of dangerous and boring work
57. The word “gizmos” (line 1, paragraph 2)most probably means ______.
A. programs
B. experts
C. devices
D. creatures
58. According to the text, what is beyondman’s ability now is to design a robot that can ______.
A. fulfilldelicate tasks like performing brain surgery
B. interact withhuman beings verbally
C. have a littlecommon sense
D. respondindependently to a changing world
59. Besides reducing human labor, robotscan also ______.
A. make a fewdecisions for themselves
B. deal with someerrors with human intervention
C. improvefactory environments
D. cultivatehuman creativity
60. The author uses the example of a monkeyto argue that robots are ______.
A. expected tocopy human brain in internal structure
B. able toperceive abnormalities immediately
C. far less ablethan human brain in focusing on relevant information
D. best used in acontrolled environment
【答案与解析】
56.C 文章开篇提到，自从human ingenuity出现以来，人类就发明了ever more cunning tools来处理那些危险、困难或者繁重的活儿，因此human ingenuity最初应该是体现在发明工具来处理困难和危险工作方面。
57.C 第二段第一句说“结果，现代世界已逐渐被gizmo充斥，我们通常意识不到它们的存在，但它们节省了很多人类劳力”，后文也提到了各类机械发明在bank，subway等方面的应用，因此可判断，gizmo指的是发明物，选项C正确。
58.D 文中第三段NASA的一位负责人提到：我们能够指示机器人如何处理特定的错误，但是我们不能给它足够的常识to reliably interact with a dynamic world“与动态的世界稳定合作交流”，可以判断人类目前尚未发明能独立与变化的环境交流的机器人，选项D正确。
59.B 本题可用排除法。第三段，作者指出，机器人发展的下一步是operate with less human supervision，至少能够自己做少数决定，随后作者指出，但是这些是很有挑战性的目标，表明这些尚未实现，选项A不正确，选项C，D文中并未提及。第三段也提到we know how to tell a robot to handlea specific mistake，表明机器人能够在人类的帮助下处理一些错误，选项B正确。
60.C 文中最后一段指出，机器人能辨认出错误by a fraction of millimeter，但是人类也能够迅速扫描并disregard the 98 percent irrelevant, focusing on the monkey“漠视那些不相关的信息而注意到那只猴子”，但the mostadvanced computer却没有这种能力。选项C正确。
Passage 3
Questions 61 to 65 arebased on the following passage:
Supporters of the biotech industry have accused an American scientist ofmisconduct after she testified to the New Zealand government that a geneticallymodified (GM) bacterium could cause serious damage if released.
The New Zealand Life Science Network, an association of pro-GM scientistsand organizations, says the view expressed by Elaine Ingham, a soil biologistat Oregon State University in Corvallis, was exaggerated and irresponsible. Ithas asked her university to discipline her.
But Ingham stands by her comments and says the complaints are anattempt to silence her. “They’re trying to cause trouble with my university andget me fired,” Ingham told New Scientist.
The controversy began on 1 February, when Ingham testified before New Zealand’s Royal Commission on Genetic Modification, which will determine how toregulate GM organism. Ingham claimed that a GM version of a common soilbacterium could spread and destroy plants if released into the wild. Otherresearchers had previously modified the bacterium to produce alcohol fromorganic waste. But Ingham says that when she put it in soil with wheat plants,all of the plants died within a week.
“We could lose terrestrial (陌生的) plants... this is an organism that is potentially deadly to thecontinued survival of human beings,” she told the commission. She added thatthe U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA. canceled its approval for fieldtests using the organism once she had told them about her research in 1999).
But last week the New Zealand Life Sciences Network accused Ingham of“presenting inaccurate, careless and exaggerated information” and “generatingspeculative doomsday scenarios (世界末日的局面) that are not scientifically supportable”. They say that her study doesn’teven show that the bacteria would survive in the wild, much less kill massivenumbers of plants. What’s more, the network says that contrary to Ingham’sclaims, the EPA was never asked to consider the organism for field trials.
The EPA has not commented on the dispute. But an e-mail to the network fromJanet Anderson, director of the EPA’s bio-pesticides (生物杀虫剂) division, says “there isno record of a review and/or clearance to field test” the organism.
Ingham says EPA officials had told her that the organism was approved for fieldtests, but says she has few details. It’s also not clear whether the organism,first engineered by a German institute for biotechnology, is still in use.
Whether Ingham is tightor wrong, her supporters say opponents are trying unfairly to silence her.
“I think her concerns should be taken seriously. She shouldn’t beharassed in this way,” says Ann Clark, a plant biologist at the University of Guelph in Canada who also testified before the commission. “It’s an attempt tosilence the opposition.”
61. The passage centers on the controversy______.
A. betweenAmerican and New Zealand biologists over genetic modification
B. as to whetherthe study of genetic modification should be continued
C. over thepossible adverse effect of a GM bacterium on plants
D. about whetherElaine Inghem should be fired by her university
62. Inghem insists that her testimony isbased on ______.
A. evidenceprovided by the EPA of the United States
B. the results ofan experiment she conducted herself
C. evidence fromher collaborative research with German biologists
D. the results ofextensive field tests in Corvallis, Oregon
63.According to Janet Anderson, the EPA ______.
A. has cancelledits approval for field tests of the GM organism
B. hasn’treviewed the findings of Ingham’s research
C. has approvedfield tests using the GM organism
D. hasn’t givenpermission to field test the GM organism
64. According to Ann Clark, the New ZealandLife Sciences Network ______.
A. should gatherevidence to discredit Ingham’s claims
B. should requirethat the research by their biologists be regulated
C. shouldn’tdemand that Ingham be disciplined for voicing her views
D. shouldn’tappease the opposition in such a quiet way
65. Which of the following statements aboutIngham is TRUE?
A. Her testimonyhasn’t been supported by the EPA.
B. Hercredibility as a scientist hasn’t been undermined.
C. She is firmlysupported by her university.
D. She has madegreat contributions to the study of GM bacteria.
【答案与解析】
61.C 第一段，Ingham向新西兰政府指出a GM bacterium could cause serious damage if released“转基因细菌释放会引起灾害”，后文又提到她指出GMbacterium会spreadand destroy plants，而新西兰Life Science Network则认为Ingham的观点was exaggerated and irresponsible，因此转基因细菌对植物的影响是本文争论的焦点，选项C正确。
62.B 根据文中第三段Ingham says that when she out it in soil with wheat plants, all theplants died within a week，可以判断，她向新西兰政府提出GM bacterium的释放会破坏植物生长这一论断是建立在自己实验基础上。
63.D 第六段Janet Anderson指出there is no record of a review or clearance to field test“没有关于复查或许可实地实验的记录”，表明政府并未允许GMorganism实地实验，选项D正确。
64.C 最后一段Anna Clark指出“it’s an attempt to silence the opposition”，其中的it指的是“新西兰生命科学部门要求解雇Ingham”这一举动，她认为他们这么做只是为了压制人们的反对意见，言外之意，她觉得他们不应该要求Ingham的工作单位解雇她。
65.A 本题可用排除法。本文并未谈及Ingham所在的大学对她的态度，因此选项C不正确，而根据新西兰生命科学组织对她的评价“presenting inaccurate, careless and exaggerated information”可以判断，经历这样的国际性争辩势必会对她的信誉造成损害，选项B说她作为一名科学家信誉并未受到损害，不正确。文中并不是在谈论她对GMbacteria研究做出的贡献，而是在讨论两方对GM bacteria的影响展开的争论，D项也不正确。根据第六段Janet Anderson的话“没有关于复查或许可实地实验的记录”，表明政府并未允许GM organism实地实验，选项A正确。
Passage 4
Questions 66 to 70 arebased on the following passage:
There are some phenomena you can count on, but the magnetic field, someday, isnot of them. It fluctuates in strength, drifts from its axis, end every few100,000 years undergo, dramatic polarity reversal—a period when north polebecomes south pole and south pole becomes north pole. But how is the fieldgenerated, and why is it so unstable?
Groundbreaking research by two French geophysicists promises to shed some lighton the mystery. Using 80 meters of deep sea sediment (沉淀物) core, they have obtainedmeasurements lots of magnetic-field intensity that span 11 polarity reversalsend four million years. The analysis reveals that intensity appears tofluctuate with a clear, well-defined rhythm. Although the strength of themagnetic field varies irregularly during the short term, there seems to be aninevitable long-term decline preceding each polarity reversal. When the polesflip—a process that takes several hundred thousand years-the magnetic fieldrapidly regains its strength and the cycle is repeated.
The results have caused a stir among geophysicists. The magnetic field isthought to originate from molten (熔化的) iron in the outer core, 3,000 kilometers beneath the earth’ssurface. By studying mineral grains found in material ranging from rocks toclay articles, previous researchers have a already been able to identifyreversals dating back 170 million years, including the most recent switch 730,000 years ago. How and why they occur, however, has been widely debated.Several theories link polarity flips to external disasters such as meteor (陨星) impacts. But Peter Olson, ageophysicist at the Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, says this isunlikely if the French researchers are right. In fact, Olson says intensitythat predictably declines from one reversal to the next contradicts 90 percentof the models currently under study. If the results prove to be validgeophysicists will have a new theory to guide them in their quest to understandthe earth’s inner physics. It certainly points the direction for futureresearch.
66. Which of the following titles is most appropriate to thepassage?
A. Polarity Reversal:A Fantastic Phenomenon of Nature.
B. Measurement ofthe Earth’s Magnetic-Field Intensity.
C. Formation ofthe Two Poles of the Earth.
D. A New Approachto the Study or Geophysics.
67. The word “flip” (Line 6, Para. 2) mostprobably means “______”.
A. decline
B. intensify
C. fluctuate
D. reverse
68. What have the two French geophysicistsdiscovered in their research?
A. Someregularity in the changes of the earth’s magnetic field.
B. Some causes ofthe fluctuation of the earth’s magnetic field.
C. The origin ofthe earth’s magnetic field.
D. The frequencyof polarity reversals.
69. The French geophysicists’ study isdifferent from currently prevailing theories in ______.
A. itsidentification of the origin of the earth’s magnetic field
B. the way the earth’smagnetic intensity is measure
C. itsexplanation of the shift in the earth’s polarity
D. the way theearth’s fluctuation rhythm is define
70. In Peter Oslo’s opinion the Frenchexperiment ______.
A. is likely todirect further research in the inner physics of the earth
B. hassuccessfully solved the mystery of polarity reversals
C. is certain tohelp predict external disasters
D. has causedgreat confusion among the world’s geophysicists
【答案与解析】
66.D 本文主要讲述的是两位法国地球物理学家的新研究似乎为解开地磁场之谜带来曙光，并引起了地理学界的广泛关注这一话题，选项D正确。
67.D 在flip之前一句作者谈到there seems to be an inevitable long-term discipline preceding eachpolarity reversal“似乎有种长期性的规则先于每次的极性逆转”，随后就提到when the pole flip，可以判断flip指的是“翻转，逆转”。reverse“颠倒，倒转”，意思符合。
68.A 第二段，在阐述两位法国地球物理学家的研究时指出the analysis reveals that intensity appears to fluctuate with aclear, well-defined rhythm“他们的分析揭示了这一强度似乎以一种清晰明确的节奏浮动”，由此可判断，两人发现地球磁场的变化有些规律，选项A正确。
69.C 文中第二段讲述了两位地球物理学家利用80米以下的深海沉积物对地球极性转变的阐述，而第三段，其他地球物理学家则是用mineral grains或者诸如陨星侵害之类的external disasters来解释这一现象，因此他们的不同之处在于对地球极性转变的解释不同，选项C正确。
70.A 最后一段后半部分，Peter Oslo指出，如果两位法国地球物理学家的一研究结果被证明有效，geophysicists will have a new theory引导他们了解the earth’s inner physics，而这一成果也将point the direction forfuture research，选项A正确。
Part III Cloze (10points)
Directions: There are20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choicesmarked A, B, C, and D on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONEthat best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on theAnswer sheet with a single line through the center.
Ina telephone survey of more than 2,000 adults, 21% said they believed the sunrevolved (旋转)around the earth. An (71) 7% did not know whichrevolved around (72) I have no doubt that (73)all o f these people were (74) inschool that the earth revolves around the sun (75) mayevenhavewritten it (76) atest. But they never (77)their incorrect mental models of planetary (行星的) (78) becausetheir every day observations didn’t support (79) theirteachers told them: People see the sun moving (80) thesky as morning turns to night, and the earth seems stationary (静止的) (81) thatis happening.
Students can learn the right answers (82) heartin class, and yet never combined them (83) theirworking models of the world. The objectively correct answer the professoraccepts and the (84) personal understanding ofthe world can (85) side by side, each unaffectedby the other.
Outside of class, the student continues to use the (86) modelbecause it has always worked well (87) thatcircumstance. Unless professors address (88) errorsin students’ personal models of the world, students are not (89) to replace them with the (90) one.
71. A.excessive B.extra C.additional D.added
72. A.what B.which C.that D.other
73. A.virtually B.remarkably C.ideally D.preferably
74. A.learned B.suggested C.taught D.advised
75. A.those B.these C.who D.they
76. A.on B.with C.under D.for
77. A.formed B.altered C.believed D.thought
78. A. operation B.position C.motion D.location
79. A.how B.which C.that D.what
80. A.around B.across C.on D.above
81. A.since B.so C.while D.for
82. A.to B.by C.in D.with
83. A.with B.into C.to D.along
84. A.adult’s B.teacher’s C.scientist’s D.student’s
85. A.exist B.occur C.survive D.maintain
86. A.private B.individual C.personal D.own
87. A.in B.with C.on D.for
88. A.general B.natural C.similar D.specific
89. A.obliged B.likely C.probable D.partial
90. A.perfect B.better C.reasonable D.correct
【答案与解析】
71.C 句意：另外，7%的人不知道…。additional另外的，外加的。excessive过多的，过分的。extra额外的，附加的。
72.B 此处选which与前面的which相对应。which revolved around which谁围绕着谁旋转。
73.A 句意：几乎所有这些人…。virtually几乎，事实上。remarkably显著地，引人注目地。ideally理想地。preferably更适宜。
74.C 句意：他们在学校被教给…知识。
75.D they此处指代那些接受调查的成年人。
76.A 句意：他们甚至在考试中将“地球围绕太阳转”这一理论写在答卷上。
77.B 根据后文“他们的实际观察并不能支持教师传授的理论”，可判断，此处指的是“他们从未改变他们的错误思维模式”。alter改变。
78.C planetary motion行星运动。
79.D what引导从句做support的宾语，同时又在宾语从句中做told的宾语。
80.A move around the sky在天空中改变位置，移动。
81.C 句意：当那件事（太阳在天空中改变位置）发生时，地球似乎是静止的。
82.B learn sth. by heart凭记性记住。
83.A combine sth. with将…结合，合并。
84.D 前文谈到了students通过记忆记住这些知识，此处仍然讲的是“教授要求的答案和学生自己的见解”。
85.A exist side by side（两者）并存。
86.C 根据后文的students’ personal models of the world，可知此处“学生持续使用个人思维模式”应用personal models。
87.A in that circumstance在那种环境中，在那种情况下。
88.D 句意：除非教授指出学生个人思维模式中的具体错误…。specific确切的，具体的。
89.B students are not likely to学生们将不可能…。
90.D replace them with the correct one用正确的观点替换那些错误的观点，其中them指的是前文提到的errors。
Part IV Translation (20points)
Section A
Translate the followingpassage into Chinese.
Physicists all over the world, back in 1895, were pretty much agreed that thegreat work of physics had all been done. Some of them mourned publicly that nodiscoveries of truly major importance were likely to be made in the future. Butthen they did not know that a Professor Roentgen, working alone in a modestlaboratory in Germany, had begun a series of experiments with a crude inductioncoil, a pear-shaped bulb from which the air had been removed, and a sheet of paperpainted with certain metallic salts. And professor Roentgen did not know thathis work was destined to reveal a force of nature—never before suspected—that would almost overnightrevolutionize medicine and technology, and become a instrument for deeperprobing of the structure of matter.
【参考译文】
1895年世界物理学家普遍认为所有有关物理的伟大研究都已经被做完了，他们有些人甚至公开哀悼说将来不可能再出现真正有意义的重大发现了。然而，那时他们还不知道，在德国一间小小的实验室里，一位叫做伦琴的教授已经开始了对粗略电磁感应线圈，一个被抽走空气的梨型鳞茎状物以及一张涂抹了某种金属盐的纸张的一系列实验。伦琴教授不知道他的工作注定会揭示自然的某种力量——而这种力量是人们从未料想到过的，它将最终几乎一夜间引起医学和技术领域的变革，成为一种深入探测物质内部结构的工具。
SectionB
Translate the followingpassage into English.
种种迹象表明越来越多的家长和教师对各州中学的标准化考试感到关注。即使多数人认为标准化考试有助于教学质量的提高，然而有相当一部分人对此持怀疑甚至批评的态度。一位来自加利福尼亚州的数学教师说道，“我们每天不得不为了应试而教，根本没有时间去考虑如何培养学生的兴趣和提高学生的创造力。”许多家长抱怨说各校为了提高考试成绩而把真正要学的知识撇在一边，没完没了地进行模拟考试，使孩子们变成了考试机器。
【参考译文】
There are kinds of signs showing more and more parents and teachers’concern for the standardized test in the state middle schools. Quite a portionof people holds a skeptical and even critical attitude toward it, though mostpeople consider the standardized test contributory to the improvement ofeducation quality. A math teacher from California said, “Everyday, we have toteach to cater for the test, and we don’t have enough time to think about howto cultivate students’ interest and how to improve their creativity.” Parentscomplain that schools, to improve the test results, put the knowledge that needlearning aside, while give students endless simulated examinations, turningstudents into test machines.
Part V Writing (15points)
Directions: For thispart, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: The Relation between Education and Earning Power.You should write at least 200 words The Relation between Education and EarningPower.
【参考范文】
The Relation between Education and Earning Power
Onthe discussion of whether earning power has something to do with education,people have different opinions. Some people think that the two have no relationwith each other; they think earning power is a kind of experience, which is gotfrom the practice, and they even list some persuasive examples, Bill Gates, whoonly gets the high school diploma, now becomes one of the wealthiest people inthe world. But there are too few Bills, and too few lucky dogs. In my opinion,earning power has very strong relation with education. Education is an essentialcomponent of earning power, and sometimes, the more education one has, thestronger the earning power is.
Whentalking about the earning power, we should put it in a long-term consideration,rather than a short-term one. At present, people that didn’t get formaleducation may make much money by doing labor work, but as the age grows, thephysical strength will diminish, and the earning power also will dwindle. Besides,as the coming of information age, physical labor is becoming less and lessimportant in wealth creation. However, the earning power of well educatedpeople will continue growing, because, knowledge can create wealth, andknowledge will be more and more active in using.
Tosum up, there is very strong relation between education and earning power,people should give enough emphasis on education.
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