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目前我国英语专业硕士研究生入学考试没有采取全国统考的方式，没有统一的考试大纲，而是采取各招生院校自行命题、自行组织考试的办法，但是各校的考试要求、命题特点大同小异，一些学校的试题类型、内容难易程度都非常相似，因此，研究一些学校的考研试题非常有价值。我们参照一些名校英语专业硕士研究生入学考试大纲和要求，认真研究了50多所高校英语专业考研科目“基础英语”、“专业英语”、“英汉互译”、“翻译硕士英语”、“英语翻译基础”等300余份真题，精心挑选部分试题和相关资料，编著了英语专业考研辅导系列复习资料。
本书是一本旨在提高英语专业考研词汇水平的复习资料。它根据教育部批准实施的《高等学校英语专业英语教学大纲》、《高校英语专业八级考试大纲》以及各院校英语专业考研真题，精选出英语专业考研核心词汇约3000条。每个单词均有相对应的试题或例句，以达到语境记忆、记练结合的目的。全部例句和大部分试题来源于各院校英语专业考研真题，部分试题来源于与其难度水平相当的国内外英语考试试题，或经过对国外一些权威杂志、文章整理、改编而成。试题主要根据单词的考点而设置，如近形词、近义词及常用搭配等，例句则主要针对英语专业考研试题中的重难点词汇。通过本书，可以帮助考生了解英语专业考研词汇的广度和深度，具有很强的实用性和针对性。
本书最大的特色就是每个单词都有相对应的试题或例句，通过试题或例句来解析词汇，从而达到以下几点目的：
1．加深对单词的语境记忆，提高记忆效率，不同于一般词汇书单纯的死记硬背；
2．试题和例句选材广泛，很多句子既可以作为翻译的练习材料，又可以作为作文素材的积累；
3．全部例句和大部分试题均来源于英语专业考研真题，准确地体现了英语专业考研词汇的广度和深度，从而使考生复习更具针对性；
4．试题选项中高频词汇反复出现，从而实现强化记忆和“知新而温固”的效果。
需要说明的是：由于词条与其对应的试题没有分开，故本书中的试题不适合考生当作自测练习使用。试题的主要目的不是检测考生的词汇量，而是用于加深对单词的语境记忆，另外通过试题选项中的单词，以实现高频词汇反复记忆的目的。
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A
abandon [E5bAndEn] v.. 遗弃，放弃；抛弃
【试题】The scheme was ______when it was discovered it would be very costly. [北二外2007研，考试科目：基础英语]
A.resigned
B. surrendered
C. released
D. abandoned
【解析】选D。句意：发现这个方案将耗资巨大后便放弃了。四个词都有“放弃”之意。abandon指遗弃不想要的事物。resign常用于辞去职务，surrender用于投降，自首。release表示豁免，释放，解放。D项最符合题意。
abbreviate [E5bri:vieit] v. 缩写，缩短，简化；使简短
【试题】It is seldomacceptable to abbreviate words in formal writing. [大连海事大学2005研，考试科目：基础英语]
A. omit
B. explain
C. invent
D. shorten
【解析】选D。abbreviate缩写，缩短，简化，和shorten的意思相近。omit省略，遗漏。explain解释，说明。invent发明，创造。
abdicate [5Abdikeit] v. 放弃（高职位，权力）；放弃王位，退位；辞（职）
【试题】You would be abdicatingyour responsibility to the community in that way. [首都师大2005研，考试科目：英语综合水平测试]
A. intervening
B. defaming
C. resigning
D. invalidating
【解析】选C。句意：你那样的话就是在放弃对团体的责任。abdicate放弃，辞职。resign放弃(工作，权利)，辞去(职务)。intervene干涉。defame诽谤。invalidate使无效，使作废。
aberrant [A5berEnt] adj. 异常的
【试题】Correction of thestudent’s aberrant pronunciation is a continual, on-going process, not something reserved for lessons or exercises in pronunciation. [对外经贸大学2007研，考试科目：基础英语]
A. habitual
B. familiar
C. conventional
D. nonstandard
【解析】选D。aberrant异常的。nonstandard不标准的，（语言）不规范的。habitual习惯的，惯常的。familiar熟悉的。conventional惯例的，传统的。
abhorrent [Eb5hCrEnt] adj. 可恶的；格格不入的，跟…不合的(to, from)
【试题】A paternalisticgovernment, so abhorrent to Jefferson, appealed strongly to the mindstempered by Puritanism. [东北师大2003研，考试科目：英语实践基础]
A. amiable
B. honorable
C. abominable
D. suitable
【解析】选C。句意：家长式政府和杰斐逊格格不入，却受到清教徒们热烈追捧。abhorrent可恶的，格格不入的。abominable讨厌的，令人憎恶的。amiable亲切的。honorable可敬的。suitable适当的。
abide [E5baid] v.. 坚持，遵守
vt. 忍受，容忍，承受
【试题】The singer wasably by her skilfulaccompanist. [上海对外贸易学院2007研，考试科目：基础英语]
A. abetted
B.aborted
C. abhorred
D. abided
【解析】选D。abideby…遵守…；依从…。abet教唆，煽动。abort夭折，流产。abhor憎恶，痛恨。
abiding [E5baidiN] adj. 持久的，不变的
【试题】The concept ofupward social mobility has been an abiding feature of American life. [大连海事大学2005研，北二外2003研，考试科目：基础英语]
A. enduring
B. unaffected
C. intriguing
D. observable
【解析】选A。句意：进入上流社会的观念一直都是美国人生活的特点。abiding持久的。选项中，enduring表示持久的、不朽的，与划线部分意思相近。unaffected自然的，真挚的。intriguing迷人的，有诱惑力的。observable值得注意的。
abjure [Eb5dVuE] v.. 发誓弃绝(信仰等)；公开放弃(国籍、权利等)
【试题】A man must pietyaltogether, if he does not at least wish to die like a Christian.
A. abjure
B. injure
C. espouse
D. embrace
【解析】选A。句意：假如一个人不想像基督教徒那样死去，那他就必须完全抛弃虔信。abjure发誓放弃。espouse支持。embrace拥护。
ablaze [E5bleiz] adj. 着火的；激动的，闪耀的
【试题】In the autumn,the northern mountains are ablaze with shades of red, yellow, andorange. [大连海事大学2005研，考试科目：基础英语]
A. radiant
B. abloom
C. decorated
D. beautiful
【解析】选A。beablaze with sth. 发光的，闪耀的。选项中，radiant发光的、灿烂的，可与with搭配。abloom（花）盛开的。decorate装饰。
abolish [E5bCliF] v.. 取消，废除（法律、制度、习俗等）
【试题】The governmenthas issued a decree specialprivileges for government officials. [上海师大2007研，考试科目：综合英语]
A. diminishing
B. destroying
C. abolishing
D. extirpating
【解析】选C。句意：政府出台了一项法令，取消了政府官员的特权。abolish取消，废除（法律、制度、习俗等）。diminish减少。extirpate肃清，根除。
abominable [E5bCminEbl] adj. 讨厌的，令人憎恶的；糟糕的；恶劣的
【例句】Here were humanhabitations so abominable that they could have disgraced a race of alleycats. [华中科大20
07研，考试科目：基础英语]
【译文】在这儿，人们的住所是如此糟糕，连街头那些流浪的野猫也为之愧赧。
abortive [E5bC:tiv] adj. 早产的，流产的，失败的
【试题】We had to abandonour abortive attempts to do the pioneering experiment.
A. successful
B. fruitless
C. adamant
D. defeat
【解析】选B。abortive失败的，无结果的。fruitless徒劳的，无益的。successful成功的。adamant坚硬的。defeat击败，战胜。
abound [E5baund] v.. 充足，充满，大量存在
【试题】The textbook abounds printingmistakes.
A. on
B. to
C. with
D. upon
【解析】选C。abound with充满。
abridgement [E5bridVmEnt] n. 删节，缩短，删节本
【试题】The currentacting versions of many of Shakespeare’s plays are abridgement. [华南理工大学2007研，考试科目：英语综合水平测试]
A. expansion
B. truncation
C. revision
【解析】选C。abridgement删节本。revision修订本。expansion扩充。truncation切断。
abrogate [5AbrEu^eit] v.. 废除，取消
【试题】Its centralcontent is to benefit housingallocation, and at the same time to increase housing expense amounts in employeesalaries.
A. abrogate
B. castigate
C. expurgate
D. interrogate
【解析】选A。句意：其核心内容就是取消福利分房，同时增加工资中的住房花销。abrogate废除，取消。castigate严惩。expurgate使纯洁；(书籍的修订)删去不必要的部分。interrogate审问，询问。
absentminded [7AbsEnt5maindid] adj. 心不在焉的，茫然的，恍惚的
【试题】According to acommon stereotype, research scientists are thought to be absentminded insome aspects of daily life. [湖南大学2007研，考试科目：基础英语]
A. forgetful
B. eccentric
C. lazy
D. uninterested
【解析】选A。absentminded心不在焉的，疏忽的。forgetful健忘的，疏忽的。eccentric古怪的。uninterested无利害关系的。
absolve [Eb5zClv] v.. 免除，解除；赦免，宽恕；考试及格取得(学分)
【试题】Twenty yearsafter he was locked in jail for a crime he didn’t commit, Mr. Brown was finally by thecourt. [东华大学2002研，考试科目：综合英语]
A. absolved
B. charged
C. obligated
D. accused
【解析】选A。absolve宣布免除，赦免。charge控告；收费。obligate使负义务。accuse控告，谴责。
abstain [Eb5stein] v.. 弃权；（有意）戒绝；节制
【试题】Anyone who has asore throat should fromalcohol. [北航2006研，考试科目：基础英语]
A. detain
B. abstain
C. sustain
D. pertain
【解析】选B。abstain戒（烟、酒等）。detain拘留，阻止。sustain支撑，维持。pertain适合，属于。
abstemious [Ab5sti:mjEs] adj. 有节制的，节约的
【试题】The pleasures of thetable, is never of much consequence to one naturally .
A. abstemious
B. acrimonious
C. capricious
D. deleterious
【解析】选A。句意：对天生饮食节制的人而言，宴席之欢并不太重要。abstemious有节制的。acrimonious严厉的，辛辣的。capricious反复无常的。deleterious有害的，有毒的。
absurd [Eb5sE:d] adj. 荒谬的，无理的；荒唐可笑的；愚蠢的
【试题】It was ______ of you to put forward such a suggestion at such animportant meeting.
A. abandoned
B. abundant
C. absurd
D. redundant
【解析】选C。句意：在这么重要的会议上竟提出这样的一个提议你简直太荒谬了。absurd荒谬的，荒唐的。abandoned被放弃了的。abundant丰富的。redundant多余的。
accessible [Ek5sesEbl] adj. 可接近的；可进入的
【试题】The hidden roomis ______ only through a secret back entrance. [北航2007研，考试科目：基础英语]
A. obtainable
B. achievable
C. attainable
D. accessible
【解析】选D。句意：这个隐蔽的房间只有通过后方一个秘密通道才能到达。accessible可到达的。obtainable能得到的，可到手的。achievable可完成的，可有成就的。attainable可得到的。
access [5Akses] n. 通道，入口；访问
vt. 接近，存取
【试题】to some parts of South America is stilldifficult, because parts of the continent are stillcovered with thick forests. [东华大学2004研，考试科目：综合英语]
A. Orientation
B. Access
C. Procession
D. Voyage
【解析】选B。accessto通往，进入，接近。orientation方向，方位。procession行列，队伍。voyage航程，航空。
accession [Ak5seFEn] n. 就职；添加
【试题】The EU welcomed 10 new members yesterday, among them smallnations such as Latvia and Estonia. But what will their doto the independence debate in Scotland？[人大2007研，考试科目：基础英语]
A. acceptance
B. accessory
C. accomplishment
D. accession
【解析】选D。句意：欧盟昨天新增了10名新成员，包括拉脱维亚、爱沙尼亚等小国。但他们的加入会给苏格兰的独立之争带来什么后果呢？accession就职，就任；添加。acceptance接受，认可。accessory附件，附加物。accomplishment成就；技艺。
accidental [7Aksi5dentl] adj. 意外的，非主要的，附属的
n. 非本质属性，次要方面
【试题】One of the wrongnotions about science is that many scientific discoveries have come about .[人大2006研，考试科目：基础英语]
A. accordingly
B. accidentally
C. artificially
D. additionally
【解析】选B。句意：认为许多科学发现都是偶然发生的是对科学的一个错误观念。accidentally偶然地，意外地。accordingly因此，从而。artificially人工地。additionally附加地，另外地。
acclaim [E5kleim] v.. & n. 欢呼，喝彩
【试题】The whole nation ______their minister’s historic decision. [首都师大2004研，考试科目：基础英语]
A. praised
B. eulogized
C. acclaimed
D. exclaimed
【解析】选C。句意：全国上下都在称赞部长做出的历史性决定。acclaim常表示公开且热情地表达出来的衷心赞美。praise赞同，赞扬。eulogize在作品或演讲中高度赞扬。exclaim呼喊，惊叫。
acclamation [7AklE5meiFEn] n. 欢呼，喝彩，(以欢呼、鼓掌等表示的)拥护，赞成
【试题】The students agreedby long and loud ______ to the principal’s suggestion that Friday be made aholiday honoring the victors in the math Olympics. [首都师大2007研，考试科目：英语综合水平测试]
A. animation
B. exclamation
C. acclamation
D. explanation
【解析】选C。句意：学生们用持久、响亮的欢呼声表示赞成校长的建议，将周五作为对数学奥林匹克竞赛中的获胜者表示敬意的节目。acclamation（以鼓掌、欢呼等表示的）拥护、赞成。animation活泼，生气。exclamation惊呼，感叹。explanation解释。
accommodate [E5kCmEdeit] v.. 为…安排食宿，收容；容纳，接受
vi. 适应
【试题】Since the Wilsonsnever travel anywhere without their cat and dog, they have to find hotels thatare willing to ______ pets. [华东师大2005研，考试科目：基础英语]
A. extol
B. preclude
C. defame
D. accommodate
【解析】选D。accommodate提供，照应，容纳。extol赞美。preclude排除。defame诽谤。
accommodation [E7kCmE5deiFEn] n. 住处，膳宿
【试题】The new modernhotel will have ______ for morethan one thousand people. [东华大学2003研，考试科目：综合英语]
A. convenience
B. accommodations
C. capability
D. capacities
【解析】选B。accommodation容纳，膳宿。capability性能。capacity容积，生产量。
accomplice [E5kCmplis] n. 帮凶，同伙
【试题】Thepolice say they will leave no stone unturned until they find the murderer andhis .
A. accomplice
B. culprit
C. cynic
D. menial
【解析】选A。句意：警察说他们要进行彻底的搜查，直到抓到凶手及其同谋为止。accomplice帮凶。culprit犯人。cynic愤世嫉俗者。menial仆人。
accomplishment[E5kQmpliFmEnt] n. 成绩，成就；完成；技艺
【试题】The success ofthe project was team effortrather than any individual . [东南大学2004研，考试科目：基础英语]
A. commensurate to. . . compendium
B. attributed to . . . accomplishment
C. subordinate to. . . idiosyncrasy
D. dependent on. . . perfidy
【解析】选B。句意：这一项目的成功归功于集体努力并不是任何个人成就。attribute to归功于；accomplishment成就。commensurate to适当的，相称的；compendium纲要，概略。subordinate to处于次要地位；idiosyncrasy习性，癖好。dependent on取决于；perfidy不诚实，背信。
accost [E5kCst] v.. 对…说话，搭话
【试题】Suddenly he was accostedby a red-faced man who seized him by the hand. [东北师大2004研，考试科目：英语实践基础]
A. run into
B. stolen
C. addressed
D. caught
【解析】选C。accost对…说话，搭话。address致辞，说话。run into撞上。
accretion [A5kri:FEn] n. 增长；增加物
【试题】It is nowgenerally assumed that the planet were formed by the accretion of gasand dust in a cosmic cloud. [西安交大2003研，考试科目：基础英语]
A. accumulation
B. reaction
C. separation
D. motion
【解析】选A。句意：人们普遍推测那颗行星是宇宙云层中累加的气体和尘埃构成的。accretion增长，增加。accumulation堆积，积累。separation分离，分开。
acknowledge [Ek5nClidV] v.. 承认；感谢，报偿
【试题】Nonviolentdemonstrations often create such tensions that a community that has constantlyrefused to ______ its injustices is forced to correct them: the injustices canno longer be . [东南大学2003研，考试科目：基础英语]
A. acknowledge…ignored
B. decrease…verified
C. tolerate…accepted
D. address…eliminated
【解析】选A。句意：非暴力示威常常会制造如此紧张的气氛以致于一直拒绝承认其不公的社会团体也被迫进行纠正——不公平已不容忽视了。acknowledge承认；ignore忽视。decrease减少；verify检验，验证。address解决；eliminate排除，消除。
acoustic [E5ku:stik] adj. 听觉的；声学的
【试题】Impairment mayalso be the consequence of unconscious imitation of poor speech models orinadequate perception of auditor stimuli. [电子科大2004研，考试科目：英语水平测试]
A. oral
B. oracular
C. labial
D. acoustic
【解析】选D。句意：无意识地模仿不科学的语言模式或不恰当地听觉刺激都有可能导致听力的下降。acoustic有关声音的。oral口头的。oracular谜一般的，费解的。labial嘴唇的，唇音的。
acme [5Akmi] n. 顶点，极致
【试题】He attained the ofperfection in landscape painting.
A. acme
B. access
C. array
D. artifice
【解析】选A。句意：他的山水画的技巧达到了炉火纯青的地步。attain/reach the acme of perfection达到炉火纯青、出神入化的地步。access通路；入门。array排列，编队。artifice技巧；诡计，策略。
acquaint [E5kweint] v.. 使熟识，使认识
【试题】The purpose ofthe survey was to the parentswith the changes television has made in family life. [北二外2004研，考试科目：基础英语]
A. notify
B. tell
C. acquaint
D. inform
【解析】选C。acquaintsb. with把…告诉某人。notifysb. of. . . 通告，宣告。tellsb. sth. 告诉某人某物。informsb. of/ about sth. 告知某人某物。
acquisitive [E5kwizitiv] adj. 可学得的；想获得的，渴望得到的；贪得无厌的
【试题】With eachChristmas, many people became more madly ______, buying jewelry and otherthings that they may not have thought of buying before. [首都师大2007研，考试科目：英语综合水平测试]
A. inquisitive
B. requisite
C. acquisitive
D. positive
【解析】选C。句意：每到圣诞节，许多人的欲望疯狂的膨胀起来，他们开始购入珠宝和其他之前从未想过要买的东西。acquisitive想获得的，渴望得到的。inquisitive好奇的。requisite需要的，必不可少的。positive肯定的，积极的。
acrid [5Akrid] adj. 辛辣的，(言语或语调)刻薄的
【试题】Wild raspberrieshave a more acrid flavor than do cultivated raspberries. [西南财大2007研，考试科目：综合英语]
A. defined
B. gratifying
C. recognizable
D. bitter
【解析】选D。句意：野生覆盆子比人工种植的味道苦一点。acrid苦的，与bitter同义。defined详细的。gratifying令人满足的。recognizable可辨认的。
acrimonious [7Akri5mEunjEs] adj. 严厉的，辛辣的
【试题】They were bothangry so their argument was very bitter. [电子科大2005研，考试科目：英语水平测试]
A. harmonious
B. acrimonious
C. agrarian
D. unbelievable
【解析】选B。句意：双方都很气愤，因此他们吵得很凶。acrimonious尖刻的，剧烈的。harmonious和谐的。
agrarian土地的，野生的。unbelievable难以置信的。
acrophobia [7AkrEu5fEubjE] n. [医]恐高症
【试题】Common phobiasinclude fear of heights ______, fear of enclosed places (claustrophobia), fearof insects, snakes, or other animals, and fear of air travel. [电子科大2004研，考试科目：英语水平测试]
A. acrophobia
B. agoraphobia
C. aquaphobia
D. arachnophobia
【解析】选A。句意：常见的恐惧症包括恐高症、幽闭恐怖症、动物恐惧症及飞机恐惧症。acrophobia恐高症。agoraphobia广场恐惧。aquaphobia惧水。arachnophobia蜘蛛恐惧。
activate [5Aktiveit] v.. 使…活动，对…起作用，激活
vi. 有活力
【试题】Researchersdiscovered that plants infected with a virus give off a gas that disease resistance in neighboringplants. [东华大学2004研，考试科目：综合英语；南开大学2007研，考试科目：基础英语]
A. contracts
B. activates
C. maintains
D. prescribes
【解析】选B。句意：研究者发现感染病毒的植物能散发一种气体，这种气体可以激活周围植物体上的病毒抗体。activate刺激，使活动。contract使缩短；订约。maintain维持；主张。prescribe指示，规定；开处方。
actuate [5Aktjueit] v.. 开动(机械等)；驱使，激励(人等)
【试题】Automatons aremechanical objects that become relatively self-operating once they have been actuated.[湖南大学2007研，考试科目：基础英语]
A. timed
B. constructed
C. cleaned
D. set in motion
【解析】选D。句意：自动机就是启动后能相对自主运行的机械产品。actuate开动，促使。set in motion开动，运转。time安排时间，计时。
acumen [E5kju:mEn] n. 敏锐，聪明
【试题】It requires agreat deal of keenness of insight to run a company of that magnitude successfully.[中国地质大学2007研，考试科目：综合英语]
A. acumen
B. finesse
C. expertise
D. capability
【解析】选A。keennessof insight洞察力非常敏锐。acumen敏锐，聪明。finesse策略，手段。expertise专家的意见，专门技术。
acute [E5kju:t] adj. 灵敏的，敏锐的；尖锐的，突出的；急性的
【试题】Dogs have sucha(n) sense of smell that theyoften help the police keep track of criminals.
A. acute
B. blunt
C. acid
D. audible
【解析】选A。句意：狗的嗅觉灵敏，它们常常帮助警察追踪罪犯。acute尖锐的，敏锐的。blunt迟钝的。acid酸的，尖刻的。audible听得见的。
adamant [5AdEmEnt] adj. 坚硬的；不可动摇的，坚决的
n. 坚硬无比的东西；硬石
【试题】She was so adamantabout his idea that it was out of the question for any one to talk her out ofit.
A. adaptable
B. anxious
C. firm
D. talkative
【解析】选C。adamant坚定的。firm坚定的。adaptable可适应的。anxious焦急的。talkative健谈的。
adapt [E5dApt] v.. 使适应；改编，改写
【试题】He first tried to______ some of the popular outdoor sports, but they were all too rough. [东北师大2003研，考试科目：英语实践基础]
A. imitate
B. adopt
C. adapt
D. renovate
【解析】选C。句意：他起初想改编一些流行的户外运动，但它们都太粗野。adapt适应，改编。adopt采用，收养。imitate模仿。renovate修复。
adept [5Adept, E5dept] adj. 熟练的，拿手的
n. 老手，擅长者
【试题】He wasastonishingly ______ at manipulating the big machine. [上海对外贸易学院2007研，考试科目：基础英语]
A. adjacent
B. adherent
C. addictive
D. adept
【解析】选D。adept熟练的，老练的。adjacent邻近的，接近的。adherent追随者，拥护者。addictive上瘾的。
addict [E5dikt] n. 瘾君子，吸毒者
vt. 上瘾，使…沉溺
【试题】For ,it was a painful time: They had to quit using drugs because they could not getany. It was not easy to make them see the harm of drug abuse. [天津外国语学院2006研，考试科目：基础英语]
A. drug traffickers
B. addicts
C. dependents
D. money launderers
【解析】选B。句意：对瘾君子来说，这是很痛苦的：他们因得不到任何毒品，不得不停止吸毒。要让他们意识到毒品泛滥的危害还真不是一件容易的事。addict上瘾的人。drug trafficker毒贩。dependent依赖别人，尤指经济援助的人。money launderer非法洗钱者。
adduce [E5dju:s] v.. 引证，举出(例证、理由、证据)
【试题】Since examplescan be adduced to support almost any argument, and a set of cases can beplundered to provide examples for whatever argument one happens to bepressing, testing a theory requires more than the marshaling of strikingexamples or the stringing together of case studies. [对外经贸大学2007研，考试科目：基础英语]
A. cited, appropriated
B. made up, introduced
C. set,stolen
D. presented, displayed
【解析】选A。adduce引证，举出(例证、理由、证据)。cite引用，引证。plunder抢劫，侵占。appropriate侵吞，私占。
adhere [Ed5hiE] v. 粘附，胶着；坚持，遵守
【试题】Everyone mustagree to ______ to the plan. Once we begin, there can be no changes at all. [东南大学2001研，考试科目：基础英语]
A. infer
B. adhere
C. cohere
D. adapt
【解析】选B。句意：大家必须都同意坚持这个计划。一旦开始，就决不能改变。adhere (to)坚持，遵守。infer推断。cohere凝结，紧凑。adapt (to)适应。
adherent [Ed5hiErEnt] n. 信徒，追随者，拥护者
adj. 粘着的，依附的
【试题】He was mostliberal where money would bring him a powerful or necessary political .
A. adherent
B. aspirant
C. itinerant
D. torrent
【解析】选A。句意：如果金钱能够收买一个干练或必要的政治拥护者，他是最不惜花钱的。adherent拥护者。aspirant有抱负者，有野心者。itinerant巡回者。torrent激流，急流。
adjacency [E5dVeisEnsi] n. 邻接
【试题】Contiguoussystems indicate systems of wherethe boundaries of the cosmic and social orders touch. [对外经贸大学2003研，考试科目：基础英语]
A. adhesion
B. adjunct
C. admix
D. affiliation
E. adjacency
【解析】选E。adjacency邻接，毗邻。adhesion支持。adjunct附件；助手。admix (使)混合，作动词。affiliation联系，从属关系。
adjourn [E5dVE:n] v.. 延期，休会
vt. 使中止，推迟
【例句】The chair has thepower to adjourn a meeting. But the power must be exercised properpurpose. [南开大学20
10年研，考试科目：基础英语]
【译文】主席有休会的权力，但是使用这种权力必须出于正当目的。
admire [Ed5maiE] v. 赞美，钦佩，羡慕；欣赏
【试题】“Citizen Kane”,while always ______ by critics, was never a popular favorite for most Americanviewers. [北二外2003、2005研，考试科目：基础英语]
A. attacked
B. adapted
C. accepted
D. admired
【解析】选D。admire称赞，钦佩。attack攻击，抨击。adapt使适应，使适合。accept接受，领受。
admonish [Ed5mRniF] v.. 告诫；警告
【试题】The teacher thedozing student to pay attention. [对外经贸大学2001研，考试科目：基础英语]
A. admonished
B. administered
C. adjudicated
D. adjusted
【解析】选A。admonish训诫，警告。administer管理，执行。adjudicate判决，裁定。adjust调整，校准。
adopt [E5dCpt] v.. 采用，收养；通过
【试题】Several surgeonscautioned against the newprocedure, that patients hadbeen kept in the dark too long about its possible catastrophic consequences. [北京科大2006研，考试科目：基础英语]
A. eschewing. . .pondering
B. adopting. . .complaining
C. publicizing…adding
D. revising.. . advocating
【解析】选B。句意：好些外科医生抱怨医院对病人长期隐瞒新手术可能引起的灾难性后果，警告要谨慎采用新手术。
adoration [7AdC:5reiFEn] n. 崇拜，敬爱，爱慕
【试题】Since 1813 reaction to Jane Austen’s novels hasoscillated between ______ and condescension: but in general later writers haveesteemed her works more highly than did most of her literary ______ . [东南大学2003研，考试科目：基础英语]
A. dismissal…admirers
B. adoration…contemporaries
C. disapproval…readers
D. approbation…precursors
【解析】选B。adoration崇拜，爱慕；contemporary同时代的人。dismissal免职，解雇；admirer爱慕者。disapproval不赞成。approbation官方批准，嘉许；precursor先驱。
adorn [E5dC:n] v.. 装饰，使生色
【试题】We adornedour room with new rugs, lamps and pictures. [北二外2004研，考试科目：基础英语]
A. embroidered
B. embellished
C. furnished
D. addressed
【解析】选B。adorn装饰。embellish修饰，布置。embroider刺绣，修饰。furnish陈设，布置。address发表演说。
adroit [E5drCit] adj. 熟练的，灵巧的
【试题】BenjaminFranklin, tactless in his youth, became so diplomatic, so ______ at handling people that he was made American Ambassador to France.
A. adroit
B. shrewd
C. considerate
D. foxy
【解析】选A。adroit熟练的，机捷的，用来形容人，符合句意。foxy像狐狸似的，狡猾的。shrewd（贬）奸诈的，狡猾的。considerate体贴的，考虑周到的。
adulterate [E5dQltEreit] v.. 掺杂，兑
adj. 掺假的；通奸的
【试题】If you ______something, such as food or drink, you reduce its quality or make it weaker, forexample by add
-ing water to it. [北航2010研，考试科目：翻译硕士英语]
A. adulterate
B. moor
C. vaccinate
D. sue
【解析】选A。句意：如果你往食物或饮品之类的东西里掺假，例如往里面兑水，就会降低它们的质量。adulterate掺杂。moor停泊；固定。vaccinate注射疫苗。sue控告；起诉。
adumbrate [5AdQm7breit] v.. 画轮廓；预示
【试题】There is only timeto the plan and we willdiscuss it in detail next week. [西安交大2006研，考试科目：基础英语]
A. decry
B. eliminate
C. expound
D. adumbrate
【解析】选D。句意：现在我们只能大概描绘一下计划轮廓，下周再讨论细节问题。adumbrate略微地或概括地表示。decry诋毁以贬低其价值。eliminate消除，除去。expound详细说明，解释。
advent [5AdvEnt] n. 出现，到来
【试题】The first twoassumptions made about the ofTV were dead wrong: that it would bury radio and it would be a threat tomovies.
A. recession
B. advent
C. diversity
D. bias
【解析】选B。句意：电视的出现会取代收音机并对电影构成威胁，这两个最早的假设都是错误的。advent到来，出现。recession经济萧条。diversity不同，变化多端。bias偏见。
adversary [5AdvEsEri] n. 敌手；对手
【试题】A narrow-minded soul would viewany difference as opposition and diversity as .
A. adversary
B. emissary
C. quandary
D. sedentary
【解析】选A。句意：一个心胸狭窄的灵魂，总是把不同视为对立，将差异变成仇敌。adversary对手。emissary使者。quandary困惑，窘境。sedentary惯于久坐的人。
adverse [5AdvE:s] adj. 不利的，敌对的，相反的
【试题】Economists warnedthe industries concerned against the adverse effect of global integration.
A. positive
B. advanced
C. reverse
D. negative
【解析】选D。句意：经济学家警告有关行业防范全球一体化的负面效应。adverse相反的；不利的。negative否定的；负面的。positive肯定的；正面的。advanced先进的。reverse颠倒的，相反的。
adversity [Ed5vE:siti] n. 不幸，灾祸，逆境
【试题】The juvenilereaders are responding to the child’s essential need to believe that he canovercome the adversities and giants surrounding him. [东北师大2004研，考试科目：英语实践基础]
A. misery
B. difficulties
C. perseverance
D. frustration
【解析】选A。句意：这个孩子最需要的就是要相信自己能够克服困难，摆脱不幸，青少年读者们正纷纷对此回应。adversity不幸，逆境。misery悲惨，不幸。perseverance坚定不移。frustration挫折。
advertise [5AdvEtaiz] v. 做广告，登广告；告知，告诫
【试题】In an effort to promoteour new product, we have undertaken heavy advertisement campaigns through allforms of mass media. [东北师大2007研，考试科目：英语实践基础]
A. engage
B. advertise
C. raise
D. advance
【解析】选B。promote推广，宣传。advertise宣扬，宣传。engage从事。raise增加，提高。advance推进，促进。
advocate [5AdvEkit] n. 提倡者，鼓吹者
vt. 提倡，鼓吹；支持
【试题】Quarrelsomeneighbors rarely ______ one another’s views. [上海交大2001研，考试科目：英语水平考试]
A. invoke
B. censure
C. contradict
D. advocate
【解析】选D。句意：好争论的邻居很少会同意彼此的观点。advocate支持。invoke引起。censure责难，谴责。contradict同…矛盾。
aegis [5i:dVis] n. 保护，庇护；赞助
【试题】Medical supplies arebeing flown in under the ofthe Red Cross.
A. aegis
B. advent
C. annals
D. criterion
【解析】选A。句意：有红十字会的保护，正在空运进医药用品。under the aegis of. . . 在…的保护下。advent出现，到来。annals编年史，年报。criterion标准，规范。
aesthetic [i:s5Wetik] adj. 美学的，艺术的；审美的
【试题】By virtue oftheir iconicity and their obvious formal aspects, poems are ideally suited tohave learners experience early on the two main features of ______ experience:distance and relation. [上海交大2004研，考试科目：英语水平考试]
A. literary
B. social
C. aesthetic
D. dialectic
【解析】选C。aesthetic美学的，审美的。literary文学的，文艺的。dialectic辨证的。
aesthetics [i:s5Wetiks] n. 美术理论，审美学
【例句】As typographers have long known, the aestheticsof print have a lot to do with keeping the eye on the page.
[武汉大学2007研，考试科目：基础英语]
【译文】印刷工一直很清楚，印刷的美感与图书的吸引力有很大的关系。
affable [5AfEbl] adj. 友善的，和蔼可亲的
【试题】In person, 40-year-old actor Michael Douglas issurprisingly ______, considering the tense, disturbed characters he has playedover the years. [上海师大2007研，考试科目：综合英语]
A. monotonous
B. affected
C. affable
D. selfish
【解析】选C。句意：40岁的演员Michael Douglas一直扮演的都是精神紧张、心里不正常的角色，但从外貌上看他却和蔼可亲，真让人惊奇。affable和蔼的，友好的。monotonous单调的。affected做作的。
affectionate [E5fekFEnit] adj. 亲爱的，挚爱的
【试题】All the off-shoreoil explorers were in high spirits as they read letters from theirfamilies. [东华大学2004研，考试科目：综合英语]
A. sentimental
B. affectionate
C. intimate
D. sensitive
【解析】选B。句意：读着亲人的来信，所有的近海石油勘探者都精神振奋。affectionate充满感情的，常指亲人之间的深情。sentimental感伤性的，感情脆弱的。intimate亲密的，隐私的。sensitive敏感的，灵敏的。
afflict [E5flikt] v.. 使痛苦；使苦恼；折磨
【试题】He has been with acertain form of mental disorder for twenty years.
A. afflicted
B. addicted
C. affiliated
D. consulted
【解析】选A。afflict使痛苦，折磨。addict沉迷于，多用于词组be addicted to。affiliate依附于，常与to连用。consult咨询，商量。
affluence [5AfluEns] n. 丰富；富裕
【试题】The affluenceof the city’s northern suburbs is indicated by the huge houses there. [首都师大2003研，考试科目：英语综合水平测试]
A. feature
B. economy
C. distribution
D. wealth
【解析】选D。句意：该城北部郊区的大房子表明这里很富裕。affluence富裕，富足。
affluent [5AfluEnt] adj. 富裕的
【试题】His family wassaid to have lived in an ______ community where every family owned two cars. [首都师大2007研，考试科目：英语综合水平测试]
A. influential
B. eloquent
C. efficient
D. affluent
【解析】选D。句意：据说他家曾住在一个富裕的居民区，那里每户都有两辆小车。affluent富裕的。influential有影响的。eloquent雄辩的。efficient有效率的，能干的。
afford [E5fC:d] v.. 买得起，担得起；提供，给予
【试题】He said hecouldn’t ______ to retire from work and live only on his pension. [北邮2006研，考试科目：英语语言基础]
A. accept
B. afford
C. compensate
D. risk
【解析】选B。句意：他说从单位退休只凭退休金不能负担起他的生活。afford承担得起，担负得起，常用afford to do sth. 结构。accept接受，承担。compensate偿还。risk冒险，常用risk doing sth. 。
afoul [E5faul] adv. 冲突，碰撞
【试题】The boat ran ofthe floating seaweed and had to stop. [上海对外贸易学院2004研，考试科目：基础英语]
A. abundant
B. afoul
C. filthy
D. adroit
【解析】选B。句意：小船被漂浮的海草缠住，不得不停下来。run afoul of与…纠缠。abundant丰富的，充裕的。filthy污秽的，丑恶的。adroit熟练的。
aggravate [5A^rEveit] v.. 加剧，使恶化，激怒
【试题】National povertywas by rapid populationgrowth. [人大2006研，考试科目：基础英语]
A. strengthened
B. reinforced
C. aggravated
D. reduced
【解析】选C。句意：人口的快速增长加剧了国家的贫困。aggravate使情况恶化，加重。strengthen加强，巩固。reinforce加固，加强。
aggregate [5A^ri^eit] n. 总数，合计
v. 使聚集；共计达
【试题】The universe isorganized in with, in manycases, pretty wide gaps between them. [西安交大2006
研，考试科目：基础英语]
A. uniformities
B. enunciation
C. promulgation
D. aggregates
【解析】选D。句意：宇宙是由各种集合体构成的，且大多情况下这些集合体之间有很大的差距。aggregate总计，合计，集合体。uniformity一致，均匀。enunciation阐明。promulgation颁布。
aggregation [A^ri5^eiFEn] n. 集合，聚合
【试题】Adult butterfliesoften form large aggregations while sipping water at wet places. [上海对外贸易学院2001
研，考试科目：基础英语]
A. stomachs
B. gatherings
C. eggs
D. displays
【解析】选B。aggregation集合，聚合。gathering聚集，集会。stomach胃，胃口。display陈列，展示。
agile [5AdVail] adj. 敏捷的，轻快的，灵活的
【试题】You may beathletic, but a monkey is more agile. [华东师大2000研，考试科目：基础英语]
A. clever
B. nimble
C. staid
D. quick
【解析】选B。agile敏捷的，轻快的，灵活的。nimble敏捷的。staid沉静的。
agitate [5AdViteit] v.. 使激动，使焦虑
vi. 鼓动，煽动
【试题】The audience was agitated by the speaker at the auditorium,but unresponsive.
A. excited
B. surprised
C. retrieved
D. revived
【解析】选A。agitate煽动，搅动。excite使激动。retrieve找回。revive复苏。
agitated [5AdViteitid] adj. 激动的，表现不安的
【试题】Demeter wasconsidered the predominant image as a tranquil and serene goddess, but she feltextremely ______ when she was searching for her daughter. [华东理工大学2000研，考试科目：基础英语]
A. heartless
B. agitated
C. comprehensive
D. motiveless
【解析】选B。句意：Demeter的主要形象是一位安静平和的女神，但当她寻找女儿时却感觉极度的激动不安。agitated激动的，表现不安的。heartless无情的，无勇气的。comprehensive包容的。motiveless无动机的。
agog [E5^C^] adj. 兴奋的，热切的
adv. 热切地，渴望地
【例句】She was asadventurous, as imaginative, as agog to see the world as he was. [东北师大2007研，考试科目：英语实践基础]
【译文】她也像他一样具有冒险精神，充满了丰富的想象力，渴望到外面见见世面。
agony [5A^Eni] n. 苦恼，极大的痛苦
【试题】The parents arein ______ over their daughter’s suicide. [首都师大2004研，考试科目：基础英语]
A. agony
B. misery
C. suffering
D. distress
【解析】选A。agony指“肉体上或精神上的巨大痛苦”。misery指“在身体上、精神或感情方面长期的不幸”，含有“无希望解脱”的意思。suffering指“对痛苦的感觉和忍受”。distress指“某种灾难所造成的痛苦或不幸”，常与经济情况有关。
ailment [5eilmEnt] n. （轻微的）疾病
【试题】Herbert has beenunwell all winter, but in spite of his ______, he plans to take a trip aroundthe world. [西安交大2005研，考试科目：基础英语]
A. ardor
B. pitons
C. ailment
D. caters
【解析】选C。ailment小病，失调。ardor热诚，激情。piton尖峰。cater迎合，投合。
aisle [ail] n. 走廊，过道
【试题】Please don’tlinger on the ; keep moving along,and find your seat as quickly as possible. [北二外2006研，考试科目：基础英语]
A. lane
B. corridor
C. aisle
D. isle
【解析】选C。aisle（教堂、剧院、客车车厢等内座间的）通道，走道。lane乡间小路，小巷，胡同。corridor过道，走廊。isle小岛，岛屿。
alacrity [E5lAkriti] n. 敏捷，活泼，爽快
【例句】Style, the Latinname for an iron pen, has come to designate the art that handles, with everfresh vitality and wary alacrity, the fluid elements of speech. [北师大2005研，考试科目：基础英语]
【译文】风格，在拉丁文中意为钢笔，已被用来表示一种对语言流动性的驾驭的艺术，这种驾驭是清新而又充满生机的，既谨慎又敏捷。
alert [E5lE:t] adj. 警觉的，机警的；机灵的；活跃的
n. 警惕，警觉
vt. 使…处于戒备；发空袭或暴风警报给…；警告…作…准备
【试题】A flashing redlight ______ motorists to trouble ahead. [东华大学2006研，考试科目：综合英语]
A. reminded
B. alerted
C. warned
D. cautioned
【解析】选B。几个选项都有“提醒，警告”的意思：remind常用于remind sb. of sth. 结构。alert常与介词to连用。warn常用于warn sb. against/ of sth. 结构。caution常用于caution sb. against/not to do sth. 结构。只有B项可以和to搭配。
alibi [5Alibai] n. 辩解，托辞【律】不在犯罪现场的证明(或申辩)
【试题】He has a good forthe night of the murder. [上海对外贸易学院2006研，考试科目：基础英语]
A. alkali
B. alibi
C. alloy
D. alpha
【解析】选B。句意：对于晚上的谋杀案，他有不在场的证据。alibi辩解，托辞。alkali碱。alloy合金。alpha希腊字母的第一个字母。
alien [5eiljEn] n. 外侨
adj. 外国的；相异的，不相容的，背道而驰的
【试题】Recent researchinto aging suggests that the body’s defense mechanisms may lose the ability todistinguish what is alien.[东南大学2001研，考试科目：基础英语]
A. foreign
B. infectious
C. insane
D. poisonous
【解析】选A。句意：最近对衰老过程的研究显示，人体的抵御机制可能丧失辨别外来者的能力。alien外来的，与foreign同义。infectious易传染的。insane患精神病的。poisonous有毒的。
alienate [5eiljEneit] v.. 使疏远；离间；让与，割让
【试题】During his reignHenry VII made a determined effort to recover royal lands alienatedillegally from the crown. [华东师大2007研，考试科目：基础英语]
A. stolen
B. seized
C. bought
D. transferred
【解析】选D。句意： HenryVII在他统治的时期，决心收回皇室被非法割让出去的土地。alienate让与，割让。transfer转移，转让。
alignment [E5lainmEnt] n. 队列；直线；结盟
【例句】Changes in statusand class alignments have been accompanied by changes in the distributionof income. [南开大学2006研，考试科目：基础英语]
【译文】社会地位和阶级层次的改变通常伴有收入分布的改变。
allay [E5lei] v. 减轻，消除（痛苦、恐惧等）
【试题】Her statement was an attempt to publicanxieties about the economic situation.
A. allay
B. flay
C. splay
D. interplay
【解析】选A。句意：她的声明是试图缓解公众对经济情势的忧虑。allay减轻。flay剥皮；抢夺；批评。splay展开，张开。interplay相互作用，相互影响。
allege [E5ledV] v.. 断言；宣称，〈法〉指控
【试题】It was ______ thatthe restaurant discriminated against black customers. [大连海事大学2005研，考试科目：基础英语]
A. addicted
B. alleged
C. assaulted
D. ascribed
【解析】选B。句意：据称这家饭馆歧视黑人顾客。allege宣称，断言。addict沉溺，上瘾。assault攻击，袭击。ascribe…to…归咎于。只有B符合句意。
alleged [E5ledVd] adj. 声称的，所谓的
【试题】The alleged all-powerful master of chi kong wasarrested on a charge of fraud.
A. so-called
B. well-known
C. esteemed
D. undoubted
【解析】选A。句意：这位声称是万能的气功大师因诈骗被逮捕。alleged据说，宣称的。so-called所谓的。well-known众所周知的。esteemed值得尊敬的。undoubted毫无疑问的。
allegiance [E5li:dVEns] n. 忠贞，效忠
【例句】The time-honoredAmerican mixture of assimilation and traditional allegiance is denouncedas a danger to racial and gender authenticity. [南开大学2006研，考试科目：基础英语]
【译文】文化同化和传统文化交织的坚持在一起，这种现象在美国由来已久，但人们现在开始指责这种美国式混合文化对种族和性别的真实性构成了威胁。
alleviate [E5li:vieit] v.. 缓解，缓和；减轻
【试题】Koizumi chose to Sino-Japaneserelations so as to create domestic conditions for the diplomacy overhaul. [天津外国语学院2006研，考试科目：基础英语]
A. aggregate
B. please
C. acerbate
D. alleviate
【解析】选D。句意：日本首相小泉决定缓和中日关系，为外交改革创造国内环境。alleviate减轻，缓和。aggreg
-ate聚集，集合。please使喜欢，取悦。acerbate使发怒，使烦恼。
alley [5Ali] n. 小路，巷，（花园里两边有树篱的）小径
【试题】Elegantly-dressedpeople were strolling along the many tree-lined ______ through the park. [大连理工大学2005研，考试科目：英语水平测试]
A. alloys
B. avenues
C. passages
D. alleys
【解析】选D。句意：衣着光鲜的人们正沿着公园的树荫小路散步。alley小路，（花园里两边有树篱的）小径。alloy合金。avenue林荫道，大街。passage通道。
allocate [5AlEkeit] v.. 划拨，分配
【试题】The plan givesthem a useful tool with which to ______ resources optimally. [东华大学2003研，考试科目：综合英语]
A. allot
B. assign
C. distribute
D. allocate
【解析】选D。allocate指“分配一定数量的财物或任务给某些人、单位或事业等”。allot指“通过抽签或权威人士将土地、工作或股票等分配成若干份”。assign指“由权威人士将东西或任务指定或分配给某人”。distribute指“将某物分成一定的部分或数量，通常各份的数量不一定相等，然后分给某些人或地方”。句中指的是“资源的配置”，D项最符合。
allowance [E5lauEns] n. 折扣；津贴；宽容，允许
vt. 定量供应
【试题】Their travelingexpenses were covered entirely with the ______ from their company. [东华大学2003研，考试科目：综合英语]
A. permission
B. authority
C. allowance
D. power
【解析】选C。allowance津贴，补助。permission许可，允许。
allude [E5lu:d] v.. 暗示，提示，间接提到
【试题】The successfulentrepreneur often ______ to his early poverty. [北航2002研，考试科目：基础英语]
A. alluded
B. alleged
C. allured
D. allayed
【解析】选A。句意：这位成功的企业家经常提到他早期困苦的生活。allude to（婉转）提到或顺便提到。allege宣称，断言。allure吸引。allay减轻。
alluring [E5ljuEriN] adj. 迷人的，吸引人的，诱惑的
【试题】The Mona Lisa isthe portrait of a woman with a very ______ smile. [华东师大2002研，考试科目：基础英语]
A. alluring
B. elusive
C. luminous
D. oblivious
【解析】选A。alluring迷人的，诱惑的。elusive难懂的，易忘的。luminous发光的，明亮的。oblivious遗忘的，忘却的。
aloof [E5lu:f] adv. 避开，远离
adj. 孤零的，冷淡的
【试题】The new secretaryis so aloof that nobody in the company likes her. [西安交大2005研，考试科目：基础英语]
A. alone
B. arrogant
C. cunning
D. standoffish
【解析】选D。aloof疏远的，冷淡的。standoffish冷淡的。arrogant傲慢的，自大的。cunning狡猾的。
alter [5C:ltE(r)] v. 修改，改变，变更
【试题】I took the sketchfrom my pocket and showed it to him. As he looked, the expression of his face ______until it became more and more like that of the man I had drawn. [首都师大2007研，考试科目：英语综合水平测试]
A. adjusted
B. altered
C. switched
D. twist
【解析】选B。句意：我从口袋里掏出素描给他看。他看画时脸上的表情不断变化着，越来越像我画的那个人。alter改变。adjust调整，适应。switch转换。twist扭曲。
alternate [5C:ltE:neit] v. （使）轮流，（使）交替
adj. 交替的，轮流的，间隔的
【试题】As the boat boundfor Nanjing leaves only on days,we had no choice but to stay in the hotel overnight. [北二外2010年研，考试科目：基础英语]
A. alternative
B. separate
C. successive
D. alternate
【解析】选D。句意：由于开往南京的船每隔一天才有一趟，我们别无选择只好在旅馆待了一晚。alternate间隔的。alternative供选择的。separate分开的。successive相继的。
alternative [C:l5tE:nEtiv] n. 供选择的对象，替换物
adj. 可选择的，二者择一的
【试题】Under ethicalguidelines recently adopted by the National Institutes of Health, human genesare to be manipulated only to correct diseases for which ______ treatments are unsatisfactory. [大连海事大学2005研，考试科目：基础英语]
A. similar
B. most
C. dangerous
D. uncommon
E. alternative
【解析】选E。句意：根据美国国立卫生研究院最近通过的道德方针，人类基因只能用作医治其他治疗方法无法治愈的疾病。alternative选择性的，二中选一的。
altruistic [7Altru5istik] adj. 利他的，无私心的
【试题】Nations aregoverned by self-interest, but they prefer to believe that their aims are .
A. altruistic
B. caustic
C. egotistic
D. rustic
【解析】选A。句意：各国都只考虑自己的利益，却总愿意相信自己的目标是大公无私的。altruistic无私心的。caustic腐蚀性的；刻薄的。egotistic任性的，自高自大的。rustic乡村的。
amalgam [E5mAl^Em] n. 混合物
【试题】In the 1850s the Republicans arose, a sectional ______whose cohesiveness was provided by ______ opposition to the extension ofslavery. [东南大学2002研，考试科目：基础英语]
A. territory; township
B. amalgam; uncompromising
C. sect; fragmentary
D. region; technological
【解析】选B。句意：19世纪50年代兴起的共和党人混合着各个派系的成员，坚决反对扩大奴隶制将他们凝聚在一起。amalgam混合；uncompromising不妥协的，不让步的。territory领土；township镇区。sect派系，团体；fragmentary不完整的，断断续续的。
amass [E5mAs] v.. 积聚，积累
【试题】He rounded upa fortune in the real estate business. [北航2001研，考试科目：基础英语]
A. amassed
B. submitted
C. diffused
D. brandished
【解析】选A。roundup使集拢。amass收集，积聚（尤指财富）。submit（使）服从。brandish挥舞。
ambient [5AmbiEnt] adj. 周遭的，环绕的
【试题】The newlyimported machine doesn’t work in ambient humidity of 50 degrees. [北航2006研，考试科目：基础英语]
A. approximate
B. surrounding
C. convenient
D. high
【解析】选B。句意：当周围湿度达到50度的时候，新进口的机器不能正常运转。ambient周围（环境）的。
Surroundin周围的。approximate近似的，大约的。convenient便利的，方便的。
ambiguous [7Am5bi^juEs] adj. 暧昧的，不明确的，模棱两可的
【试题】We could hardlyunderstand him for what he said was very ambiguous. [首都师大2002研，考试科目：英语综合水平测试]
A. hazardous
B. imaginary
C. silly
D. misleading
【解析】选D。句意：他说得太含糊，我们都听不太懂。ambiguous含糊的，模棱两可的。misleading易误解的，使人迷惑的。hazardous冒险的。imaginary假想的，虚构的。
ambivalence [Am5bivElEns] n. (对同一人物、事的)矛盾心理，好恶相克的心理
【例句】Suffering the ambivalenceof finding several consistent and acceptable alternatives, they are almostoverwhelmed by diversity and need means for managing it. [南开大学2006研，考试科目：基础英语]
【译文】发现好几个互相一致且都可接受的选择，他们模棱两可，差异巨大，需要解决此种情况的办法。
ameliorate [E5mi:ljEreit] v. 改善，改进
【试题】Weput forward that early kinetotherapy could motionfunction of the paralyzed part of limbs and improve the activity of dailyliving.
A. ameliorate
B. frustrate
C. obliterate
D. tolerate
【解析】选A。句意：我们认为早期运动疗法能明显改善瘫肢的运动功能，提高日常工作能力。ameliorate改善，与后半句中improve相呼应。frustrate挫败，阻挠。obliterate涂去，删除。tolerate忍受，容忍。
amenity [E5mi:niti] n. 愉快，舒适；使人愉快的场所、设施
【试题】Tower C of Office Park, a dazzling newoffice building in Beijing’s Central Business District, has been widely praisedin the market for its superior quality and pleasant amenities after itwas unveiled to the market at a press conference held in March 2010. [天津外国语2011研，考试科目：翻译硕士英语]
A. convenience
B. regularity
C. sight
D. outlook
【解析】选A。句意：商务花园C座是位于北京中央商务区的一颗耀眼的新办公楼，于2010年3月举行的记者招待会上亮相市场后，就以其卓越的品质和宜人的设施在市场上广受赞誉。amenity便利设施。convenience便利，便利设施。regularity规律性，规则性。sight景观，眼界，视力。outlook景色；前景；展望。
amendment [E5mendmEnt] n. 改善，改正，修正案
【试题】The councilmembers were dissatisfied with the wording of the recommendation, but passed itafter
had been agreed. [东南大学2004研，考试科目：基础英语]
A. amendments
B. advancements
C. preferments
D. refinements
【解析】选A。amendment修改，改动。advancement进步，推进。preferment优先。refinement精练，精致。
amicable [5AmikEbl] adj. 亲切的，和蔼的，友好的，和睦的
【试题】The union and thecompany reached an ______ settlement in their contract dispute. [东南大学2001研，考试科目：基础英语]
A. amiable
B. amicable
C. amenable
D. ample
【解析】选B。amicable settlement是常用搭配，表示“和解”。amiable和蔼可亲的。amenable有责任的。ample充足的，丰富的。
amnesia [Am5ni:zjE] n. 健忘症
【例句】Somepsychologists believe what even when a person suffers from amnesia, somememory remain in the unconscious. [上海理工大学2006研，考试科目：基础英语]
【译文】一些心理学家认为尽管人们有健忘症，但是某些记忆仍能保留在潜意识中。
amnesiac [Am5ni:zi7Ak] adj. 记忆缺失的，(引起)遗忘(症)的
n. 健忘症患者，遗忘者
【试题】Some people have difficulty in recalling or recognizing past events andexperiences. [电子科大2004研，考试科目：英语水平测试]
A. Esthetics
B. Emetics
C. Amnesiacs
D. Insomnias
【解析】选C。句意：有些人难以记住发生的事件和经历。这里的“有些人”根据语境指健忘症患者。amnesiac健忘症患者。esthetics美学。emetic催吐剂。insomnia失眠症患者。
amnesty [5Amnesti] n. 特赦，赦免
【例句】Amnesty International plays a specific role in the international protectionof human rights.
【译文】国际特赦组织在维护国际人权上扮演着特别的角色。
anachronism [E5nAkrEnizm] n. 时代错误
【试题】In thehyper-paced Information Age, yesterday’s innovation is today’s ______. [东华大学2003研，考试科目：综合英语]
A. anarchy
B. anachronism
C. analogue
D. analphabet
【解析】选B。句意：在这个高速发展的信息时代，昨天的新技术到今天就已经过时了。anachronism过时的人、思想、事物。anarchy无政府状态，政治混乱。analogue相似物，类似情况。analphabet文盲。
analogous [E5nAlE^Es] adj. 相似的，类似的
【例句】Analogously, had the Nazi won World War II, we would all be reading a verydifferent account of the war, and of the genocide of millions of Jews, than theaccounts we read in American history books today. （四川外语学院2007研，考试科目：基础英语]
【译文】类似地，若是纳粹组织赢得了二战的话，那么我们读到的关于战争和屠杀百万犹太人的描述，将与现在美国历史书中的完全不同。
analytic [7AnE5litik] adj. 分析的，解析的
【试题】It has often beensuggested that we lack an adequate analysis of the concept of analyticity andconsequently th
-at we lack adequate criteriafor deciding whether a statement is .[上海交大2004研，考试科目：英语水平考试]
A. adequate
B. realistic
C. efficient
D. analytic
【解析】选D。句意：常有人提议，我们对分析性这个概念没有足够的分析，因此缺乏足够的标准来决定某个陈述是否是分析性的。
anathema [E5nAWimE] n. 诅咒，咒逐；被咒逐的人(物)；十分讨厌的人(物)
【试题】Passivity placespersons in an intellectual coma and is topassion for learning and life.
A. anathema
B. antipathy
C. audacity
D. avarice
【解析】选A。句意：被动的态度则会使人陷入思维呆滞的状况，对学习和生活的热情完全丧失。sth. be anathema to sB. 某人对某物深恶痛绝。asperity严酷，粗暴。audacity大胆，厚颜。avarice贪婪。
animate [5Animeit] adj. 有生命；有生气的
v. 赋予（某事或某人）生命
【试题】Her liveliness animatedthe entire group. [北航2001研，考试科目：基础英语]
A. quenched
B. vitalized
C. extinguished
D.dispatched
【解析】选B。animate鼓舞。vitalize激发。quench结束，熄灭。extinguish熄灭，压制。dispatch分派，派遣。
annals [5AnElz] n. 编年史，历史记载
【试题】Many historicalrecords and documented thedevelopment of Taiwan by the Chinese people in earlier periods.
A. annals
B. assets
C. appellations
D. artifacts
【解析】选A。句意：大量的史书和文献记载了中国人民早期开发台湾的情景。annals年报。asset资产。appellation名称，称呼。artifact人造物品。
annex [E5neks] n. 附件
vt. 并吞；附加
【试题】On December 29, 1845, Texas was officially taken over by the United States as the28th state. [电子科大2004研，考试科目：英语水平测试]
A. conceded
B. forfeited
C. annexed
D.granted
【解析】选C。句意：在1845年12月29日，德克萨斯正式并入美国，成为第28个州。takeover占领，接管。annex吞并，接管。concede勉强，退让。forfeit丧失。grant同意，授予。
annexation [7Anek5seiFEn] n. 合并，吞并
【试题】The formation ofthe British Empire went through two processes: aggression with national statesand ______ with the uninhabited or sparsely populated wild lands. [华东理工大学2001研，考试科目：基础英语]
A. annotation
B. anticipation
C. annihilation
D. annexation
【解析】选D。句意：大英帝国的形成经历了两个过程——侵略各主权国家和吞并人烟稀少的荒地。annexation吞并。annotation注解，注释。anticipation预期，预料。annihilation歼灭，灭绝。
annexe [5Aneks] n. 附加物，附属建筑
【试题】The hospital isbuilding a(n) ______ to house patients who are terminally ill. [大连理工大学2004研，考试科目：英语水平测试]
A. annex
B. annexe
C. attach
D. detachment
【解析】选B。句意：医院正在建造附加楼来安置那些病入膏肓的病人。annexe (n. )附属建筑，附加建筑。annex
(v. )通过武力兼并。attach(v. )缚上，隶属于。detachment脱离，分开。
annul [E5nQl] v. 废除，取消，废止
【试题】The law proved sounpopular that it was annulled by the Government a year later. [北航2004研，考试科目：基础英语]
A. repelled
B. repulsed
C. takenback
D. repealed
【解析】选D。annul,repeal废除，撤销。repel击退，抵制。repulse拒绝，排斥。take back退还。
anomaly [E5nCmEli] n. 不规则，异常的人或物
【试题】Elaine’s poorscore on the math test was ______; she usually does very well in math. [华东师大2006研，考试科目：基础英语]
A. anabnormal
B. ananomaly
C. anunmoral
D. anunnormal
【解析】选B。anomaly反常，异例。abnormal反常的，变态的。unmoral不道德的。
anticipate [An5tisipeit] v.. 预感；期望；占先，抢先
【试题】When the localgrower decided to ______ the shoots from the small container, prolific flowersresulted! [华南
理工大学2004研，考试科目：英语综合水平测试]
A. anticipate
B. emancipate
C. reciprocate
D. intercept
【解析】选A。句意：当地花农决定率先使用小容器的花苗，这样可能长出更多漂亮的花儿。anticipate抢先于，占…之先。emancipate解除，解放(from)，尤指从法律、政治、道德等的约束中解放。reciprocate报答。intercept中途阻止，截取。
antidote [5AntidEut] n. [医]解毒剂，矫正方法
【试题】If you are bittenby a poisonous snake it is necessary to be given an ______ as quickly aspossible. [上海交大2002研，考试科目：英语水平考试]
A. analgesic
B. antitoxin
C. antibiotic
D. antidote
【解析】选D。句意：如果被毒蛇咬了，有必要尽快注射解毒剂。antidote解毒剂。analgesic止痛的。antitoxin抗毒素。antibiotic抗生素。
antiquated [5Antikweitid] adj. 陈旧的
【试题】All fixed,fast-frozen relations, with their train of ancient and venerable prejudices andopinions, are swept away, all new-formed ones become beforethey can ossify.
A. antiquated
B. abortive
C. absurd
D. adroit
【解析】选A。句意：一切固定的僵化的关系以及与之相适应的素被尊崇的观念和见解都被消除了，一切新形成的关系等不到固定下来就陈旧了。antiquated陈旧的。abortive早产的，失败的。absurd荒谬的，可笑的。adroit熟练的，机捷的。
antiseptic [7Anti5septik] adj. 防腐的，杀菌的，消过毒的
n. 防腐剂，杀菌剂
【试题】Besides washingthat cut, put some ______ on it in case you have got some dirt in it. [上海交大2001研，考试科目：英语水平考试]
A. medicine
B. disinfectant
C. antiseptic
D. antidote
【解析】选C。antiseptic抗菌剂，消毒剂。medicine药品，多指内服药。disinfectant消毒剂。antidote解毒剂。
antithesis [An5tiWisis] n. 对立面
【试题】His creation wasa direct opposite to dogmatism of the time. [上海交大2002研，考试科目：英语水平考试]
A. anantiseptic
B. antisocial
C. appalled
D. anantithesis
【解析】选D。antithesis对立面。opposite相反的事物。antiseptic防腐剂，杀菌剂。antisocial不善社交的。appall使胆寒，使惊骇。
apathy [5ApEWi] n. 缺乏感情或兴趣，冷漠
【试题】Their suggestionswere received with apathy by the board of directors. [北航2000研，考试科目：基础英语]
A. enthusiasm
B. indifference
C. antagonism
D. commendation
【解析】选B。apathy冷漠。indifference漠不关心。enthusiasm热情。antagonism抵抗，反抗。commendation赞扬。
apathetic [7ApE5Wetik] adj. 缺乏兴趣的，缺乏感情的，无动于衷的
【试题】Their attitudetowards the subject matter made almost impossible for the professor to teachthem. [东华大学2002研，考试科目：综合英语]
A. enthusiastic
B. passionate
C. apathetic
D. dispassionate
【解析】选C。apathetic缺乏兴趣的，无动于衷的。enthusiastic热心的，热情的。passionate激情的。dispassionate平心静气的，冷静的。
aphoristic [7AfE5ristik] adj. 警句(似)的，格言(似)的
【试题】Being a man ofmaxims, he was given to aphoristic expression. [上海交大2002研，考试科目：英语水平考试]
A. transmogrified
B. sebaceous
C. sentient
D. sententious
【解析】选D。aphoristic警句似的，格言的。transmogrified变形的。sebaceous脂肪的，脂肪分泌过多的。sentient有感情的，感觉灵敏的。
appall [E5pC:l] v.. 使惊恐，使胆寒
【试题】Then, bythe battering of wind and waves, Blake had rushed to the parapet and flunghimself on to the rocks below.
A. appalled
B. abhorred
C. abjured
D. abrogated
【解析】选A。句意：后来，布莱克被狂风巨浪吓坏了，他冲向栏杆，纵身往下面的岩礁上跳去。appall使胆寒。abhor憎恶，痛恨。abjure发誓放弃。abrogate废除。
appalling [E5pC:liN] adj. 骇人的，可怕的
【试题】In addition totheir harsh sentences, the prisoners have been exposed to appallingprison conditions. [首都师大2005研，考试科目：英语综合水平测试]
A.deplorable
B. uninspiring
C. approachable
D. forbidding
【解析】选A。句意：除了严厉的刑罚，囚犯们还要生活在条件极为恶劣的监狱中。appalling骇人听闻的。deplorable悲惨的，不幸的。uninspiring不鼓舞人的。approachable平易近人的，可接近的。forbidding可怕的，令人生畏的。
appeal [E5pi:l] n. 请求，呼吁；吸引力；申诉，上诉
vi. 求助，要求；对…有吸引力；申诉
vt. 控诉
【试题】Increasingly,many rail and airline companies are only interested in ______ businesscustomers who can afford more luxurious services. [西安交大2004研，考试科目：基础英语]
A. ascribingto
B. cateringto
C. appealingto
D. alludingto
【解析】选C。appealto投合…的心意；引起…的兴趣。ascribeto归于。cater to投合，满足（需要）。allude to提到，暗指…说的。
appease [E5pi:z] v.. 平息，缓和，抚慰
【试题】Prime MinisterChamberlain tried to appease the Axis powers before the outbreak of theSecond World War, but the policy failed to serve his purposes. [上海对外贸易学院2002研，考试科目：基础英语]
A. provoke
B. pacify
C. exclude
D. conquer
【解析】选B。句意：英首相张伯伦在二战爆发之前试图安抚轴心国，但这种绥靖政策并未达到目的。appease平息，安抚。pacify使平静，安慰。provoke激怒，煽动。exclude排斥，排除在外。conquer征服。
appellation [7Ape5leiFEn] n. 名称，称呼
【试题】The change in ishighly correlated with the differences in traditional civilization amongcountries.
A. appellation
B. escalation
C. exhalation
D. stimulation
【解析】选A。句意：称谓上的变化跟各个国家不同的传统文化背景有很大的关系。appellation称呼。escalation扩大，增加。exhalation呼气；蒸发。stimulation刺激，鼓舞。
applaud [E5plC:d] v. 拍手喝彩，称赞，赞同
【试题】We admire themaster thief who calls his own shots and takes pride in his work, and cannothelp but ______ the audacity of criminals of vision who set out to do theimpossible, to breach the impenetrable. [上海交大2005研，考试科目：英语水平考试]
A. denounce
B. applaud
C. doubt
D. challenge
【解析】选B。cannothelp but不能不，不得不。applaud称赞，赞同。denounce公开指责，抨击。
appliance [E5plaiEns] n. 设备，器械；装置
【试题】Nowadays,household chores have been made much easier by electrical ______. [东华大学2003研，考试科目：综合英语]
A. facilities
B. equipment
C. appliances
D. utilities
【解析】选C。electricalappliance家用电器。facility便利，设备。equipment装备，器材。utility效用。
apposite [5ApEzit] adj. 适当的
【试题】Denis wasunanimously chosen by his classes as the most interesting professor on campus;his lectures were uniformly ______ and ______. [东南大学2002研，考试科目：基础英语]
A. prosaic;incongruous
B. dull;boring
C. affectatious;chaotic
D. apposite;enthralling
【解析】选D。句意：丹尼斯被他所带的班级一致选为学校里最有趣的教授，他的课一律得当而吸引人。apposite得当的；enthralling迷人的。prosaic平淡无奇的；incongruous不适宜的。dull无趣的；boring令人厌烦的。affectatious做作的；chaotic混乱的。
appreciable [E5pri:FiEbl] adj. 可感知的，可评估的；可观的，值得重视的
【试题】There has been an______ drop in the number of unemployed since the new government came to power.[中南大学2010研，考试科目：翻译硕士英语]
A. appreciated
B. appreciable
C. appreciative
D. appreciating.
【解析】选B。句意：自新政府上任以来，事业人口数量有了明显的下降。appreciable可察觉到的；可观的。appreciated赏识的；感激的。appreciative有鉴识力的；感激的。
apprehend [7Apri5hend] v.. 逮捕；理解，领会；对…担忧
【试题】The policefinally the hardened criminalafter a long game of cat and mouse. [东华大学2002研，考试科目：综合英语]
A. apprehended
B. released
C. liberated
D. dispelled
【解析】选A。apprehend逮捕。release释放；免除。liberate解放，释放。dispel驱散，驱逐。
apprehension [7Apri5henFEn] n. 理解；担忧，疑惧；逮捕
【试题】Language anxietyis occurring when a learner isexpected to perform in the second or foreign langu
age. [天津外国语学院2006研，考试科目：基础英语]
A. comprehension
B. apprehension
C. tranquility
D. nonchalance
【解析】选B。句意：语言焦虑是指学习者用第二语言表现自己时的忧虑。apprehension担心，忧虑。comprehen
-sion理解，包含。tranquility宁静。nonchalance冷漠，不关心。
appropriate [E5prEupriEt] adj. 恰如其分的，适当的
vt. 拨出（款项）
【试题】For manypatients, institutional care is the most andbeneficial form of care. [东华大学2005研，考试科目：综合英语]
A. pertinent
B. appropriate
C. acute
D. persistent
【解析】选B。句意：对许多病人来说，医院的正规护理是一种最合适、最有益的护理方式。appropriate合适的，适合的。pertinent相关的，中肯的。acute敏锐的；剧烈的（疼痛）。persistent坚持不懈的，作用持久的。
aptitude [5Aptitju:d] n. 天资，才能；倾向，习性
【试题】If you havemusical aptitude, you should not have too much trouble in learning toplay an instrument. [首都师大2003研，考试科目：英语综合水平测试]
A. mind
B. sense
C. gift
D. knowledge
【解析】选C。句意：如果你有音乐天赋，学某种乐器应该问题不大。aptitude天资，天才。
aquiver [E5kwivE(r)] adj. (多用作表示)颤抖的，兴奋的
【例句】As she sat facingthe open window, she could see in the open square before her house the tops oftrees that were all aquiver with the new spring life. （四川大学2007研，考试科目：基础英语]
【译文】她坐在敞开的窗前，能够看得见屋前广场上树木的顶部，那上面满是春天新生的躁动。空气中弥漫着甜美的雨的气息。
arable [5ArEbl] adj. 可耕的，适于耕种的
【试题】In eighth-centuryJapan, people who wastelandwere rewarded with official ranks as part of an effort
to overcome the shortage of fields.[东南大学2004研，考试科目：基础英语]
A. conserved.. . forested
B. reclaimed.. . arable
C. cultivated…domestic
D. irrigated.. . accessible
【解析】选B。reclaim开垦；arable适于耕作的，可耕作的。conserve保存，保藏；forested草木丛生的。cultivate耕作；domestic国内的。irrigate灌溉；accessible易接近的，可到达的。
arbiter [5B:bitE] n. 仲裁者，公断人
【试题】The SupremeCourt, as final of theConstitution, can overturn legislative acts or executive orders if it findsthem to be unconstitutional.
A. accomplice
B. adherent
C. advocate
D. arbiter
【解析】选D。句意：身为宪法最后仲裁者的最高法院，如果发现法令或是行政命令违宪，可以将其推翻。arbiter仲裁者。accomplice同谋者，帮凶。adherent信徒，追随者。advocate提倡者，鼓吹者。
arbitration [7B:bi5treiFEn] n. 仲裁，公断
【试题】The disputebetween the unions and management will hang to be settled by ______. [中国地质大学2004研，考试科目：综合英语]
A. arbitration
B. judgment
C. verdict
D. perjury
【解析】选A。句意：工会与管理层之间的纠纷留待仲裁解决。arbitration仲裁，公断。verdict指法律上的“裁决，判决”。judgment判断。perjury伪誓，伪证。
archaic [B:5keiik] adj. 古老的，古代的，陈旧的
【试题】The verylanguage, archaic as it may sometimes be, severs to reinforce andbroaden the foreign students’ vocabulary.
A. old
B. confused
C. remote
D. difficult
【解析】选A。句意：这种语言，虽然有时候显得很古老，但它有助于增加和扩大外国学生的词汇量。archaic古代的。old老的。confused困惑的。remote遥远的。
ardent [5B:dEnt] adj. 热心的，热情洋溢的；激烈的，强烈的
【试题】She is really an person,but the way of her thinking is behind the times.
A. ardent
B. imprudent
C. prudent
D. strident
【解析】选A。句意：她确实是个热心人，但她的思想方式落后于时代。ardent热心的。imprudent轻率的，鲁莽的。prudent谨慎的。strident轧轧响的，刺耳的。
ardor [5B:dE] n. 热诚，炽热；激情，热情
【试题】ENTHUSIASM:INDIFFERENCE: ______ :APATHY [上海师大2002研，考试科目：综合英语]
A. pathos
B.passivity
C. activity
D. ardor
【解析】选D。enthusiasm热心，热情；indifference冷淡。ardor激情，热情；apathy冷漠。两组各为反义词。pathos痛苦，感伤。passivity被动。
aromatic [7ArEu5mAtik] adj. 芳香的，香气的，香味的
【试题】Mint, an herbthat is well known for the aromatic oil distilled from all parts of theplant, is often used to add flavor to some fooD. [上海对外贸易学院2002研，考试科目：基础英语]
A. valuable
B. fragrant
C. medicinal
D. acrid
【解析】选B。句意：薄荷，这种药草因其提炼出的香油而出名，它经常添加在食品里，做食品的香料。aromatic芬芳的。fragrant芬芳的，香的。valuable贵重的，有价值的。medicinal医学的，有益的。acrid辛辣的，刻薄的。
array [E5rei] n. 排列，编队；大量，一系列
vt. 部署；穿着；排列
【试题】In the CommodityFair the ______ of blankets of different patterns and sizes attracted hisattention.
A. string
B. array
C. succession
D. procession
【解析】选B。句意：在商品交易会上，一大批花样不同，尺寸各异的毯子吸引了他的注意。array一大批，大量。string一连串，一系列。succession继续，连续。procession一（长）列，一（长）排。
artifice [5B:tifis] n. 技巧，技能；诡计，策略，手段
【试题】The Trojan Warproved to the Greeks that cunning and wereoften more effective than military might. [人大2005研，考试科目：基础英语]
A. treachery
B. artifice
C. strength
D. wisdom
E. beauty
【解析】选B。句意：特洛伊之战向希腊人证明了谋略往往比武力更有效。artifice策略，谋略。treachery背叛，谋反，背信弃义。strength力量；兵力。wisdom智慧，学识。beauty美貌，美景。
artless [5B:tlis] adj. 朴实的
【试题】Her countenanceand a few words fully conveyedall her gratitude and delight.
A. artless
B. abstemious
C. adamant
D. adverse
【解析】选A。句意：她的表情和寥寥几句质朴无华的语言已充分表达了她的感激与高兴。artless朴实的。abstemious有节制的，节约的。adamant坚硬的。adverse敌对的，相反的。
ascend [E5send] v. 上升，升高；攀登，登上
【试题】All the people inthe stadium cheered up when they saw hundreds of colorful balloons ______slowly into the sky. [大连海事大学2005研，考试科目：基础英语]
A. elevating
B. lingering
C. ascending
D. escalating
【解析】选C。句意：当看到数百只五颜六色的气球缓缓升上天空，运动场上的人们欢呼起来。ascend上升，升高。elevate将…举起，提到更高的地位。linger逗留，徘徊。escalate使逐步增长或发展。
ascertain [7AsE5tein] v.. 弄清，查明
【试题】We shall probablynever be able to ______ the exact nature of these sub-atomic particles. [大连海事大学2005研，考试科目：基础英语]
A. assert
B. impart
C. ascertain
D. notify
【解析】选C。句意：我们可能永远都无法确定这些亚原子微粒的准确性质。ascertain确定，告知。assert断言，声称。impart传授，告知。notify通报。
ascetic [E5setik] n. 禁欲者，苦行修道者
adj. 修道的，苦行的
【试题】Such anti-consumerismmay be the most dramatic side of environmentalism, and it leads to culturalferment that can set into motion political and economic change.
A. ascetic
B. acute
C. alleged
D. altruistic
【解析】选A。句意：这种禁欲式的抵制商品消费可能是环保主义最有戏剧性的一面，它导致的文化骚动可以引发政治与经济的变革。ascetic禁欲的，苦行的。acute敏锐的；急性的。alleged声称的，所谓的。altruistic利他的，无私心的。
asinine [5Asinain] adj. 驴的，像驴一样的；愚蠢的
【试题】I must have beeninsane to listen to your gibberish!
A. amicable
B. analogous
C. antiquated
D. asinine
【解析】选D。句意：我居然听了你那愚蠢的胡言乱语，一定是昏了头。asinine愚蠢的。amicable友善的，和平的。analogous类似的，相似的。antiquated陈旧的。
asperity [As5periti] n. (表面)粗糙；(气候)严酷；刻薄，严厉，粗暴
【试题】“Yes, flowers” mymother replied with some , as thoughshe would have nothing said or implied against flowers.
A. asperity
B. celerity
C. dexterity
D. temerity
【解析】选A。句意：“是的，花儿，”我妈妈回答，声音有点严厉，似乎她不许人家说——或者暗示——反对花儿的话。asperity严厉。celerity敏捷，快速。dexterity灵巧，机敏。temerity卤莽，蛮勇。
aspirant [Es5paiErEnt] n. 有抱负者
adj. 上进的，有野心的
【例句】Wealth carrieswith it a minimum of prestige; it is a positive disadvantage to the aspirantto a political career. [武汉大学2007研，考试科目：基础英语]
【译文】财富带来极低的声望，这对于有抱负者的政治生涯来说是一个不利条件，但又有用。
aspire [Es5paiE] v.. 追求，有志于
【试题】The people of Chinaand the rest of the world all fora fair and rational new international order and for democracy in internationalrelations.
A. aspire
B. abound
C. allude
D. ameliorate
【解析】选A。句意：中国人民和各国人民都渴望建立公正合理的国际新秩序，渴望实现国际关系的民主化。aspire for渴望…。abound大量存在，富于。allude暗指，间接提到。ameliorate改善，改进。
aspiring [Es5paiEriN] adj. 热心的，积极的，有抱负的
【试题】All ______artists must struggle with the conflict between ______ their own talent andknowledge that very few are great enough to succeeD. [西南财大2007研，考试科目：综合英语]
A. great…neglect of
B. aspiring…faith in
C. ambitious…indifference to
D. prophetic…dissolution of
【解析】选B。句意：所有抱负远大的艺术家都必须与冲突斗争：一边要相信自己的才华，一边要知道只有少数人足够伟大，能获得成功。aspiring有抱负的。prophetic预言的。dissolution分散，解散。
assail [E5seil] v.. 攻击，质问
【试题】In the comingyear, when ______ by self-doubts about my ability to teach or get through the slogof writing the MA thesis, I would think, “Dr Stewart must believe I can dothis. ” [上海交大2007研，考试科目：英语水平考试]
A. pervaded
B. offended
C. assailed
D. contradicted
【解析】选C。beassailed by被各种疑虑（烦恼）困扰。pervade（思想、感情等）遍及，渗透。offend使不快，使反感。contradict同…矛盾，同…抵触。
assault [E5sC:lt] n. & v. 刺激；攻击，袭击
【试题】The critics’assault on his work began to reduce the artist’s natural overflow of enthusiasm.[华东师大2000研，考试科目：基础英语]
A. struggle
B. criticism
C. praise
D. assessment
【解析】选B。assault袭击，攻击。criticism批评，批判。assessment评估，估价。
assemble [E5sembl] v. 集合，聚集；装配，组装
【试题】If the fire alarmis sounded, all residents are requested to ______ in the courtyarD. [北邮2006研，考试科目：英语语言基础]
A. combine
B. assemble
C. crowd
D. mobilize
【解析】选B。句意：假如听到火警，要求所有居民聚集在院子里。assemble集合，聚集。combine联合，结合。crowd挤满，群集。mobilize动员，调动，多用作及物动词。
asset [5Aset] n. 资产，财产；有价值的人（或物）；优点
【试题】An energetic managercan be a great to his company.[北航1991研，考试科目：基础英语]
A. profit
B. influence
C. prosperity
D. asset
【解析】选D。asset资产，也可以指“宝贵的人或物”，故D项正确。
assiduous [E5sidjuEs] adj. 刻苦的，勤奋的
【试题】They try to be andearnest and see to it that they finish their work smoothly; they never give anythought to personal fame and position.
A. assiduous
B. aloof
C. amorous
D. artless
【解析】选A。句意：在工作中他们努力做到勤奋与认真，以保证任务顺利完成；而且他们并不计较个人的名誉和地位。assiduous刻苦的。aloof孤零的，冷淡的。amorous多情的，表示爱情的。artless朴实的。
assignment [E5sainmEnt] n. 分配，委派，任务
【试题】John does notlike his ______ since it meant he had to travel two or three times per week. [东北师大2005研，考试科目：英语实践基础]
A. consumer
B. appointment
C. assignment
D. consensus
【解析】选C。句意：John不喜欢他的任务，因为那意味着他每周得出差两三次。assignment委派，任务。consumer消费者。appointment约会，指定。consensus一致同意。
associate [E5sEuFieit] v. 联想；使联合；交往，结交
n. 合作人，同事
【试题】Because of itsintimacy, radio is usually more than just a medium; it is an associate. [北航2004研，考试科目：基础英语]
A. afirm
B. acompany
C. acorporation
D. anenterprise
【解析】选B。associate合作人，同事。company陪伴。
assume [E5sju:m] v.. 假定，设想；采取，呈现
【试题】The societies ofthe ancient world that made substantial advances in knowledge and government, however,were those in which specially designated people ______ responsibility foreducating the young. [电子科大2004研，考试科目：英语水平测试]
A. assumed
B. resumed
C. consumed
D. presumed
【解析】选A。句意：然而，那些在学术和政治方面取得巨大成就的古代社会，却是那些有特殊指定人员培养年轻人才的社会。assume假定，设想。resume再用，恢复。consume消耗，消费。presume假定。
assumption [E5sQmpFEn] n. 假定，臆断；担任，承担
【试题】The framework ofthe special theory of relativity, can be constructed from the assumptionof the absolute invariability of the speed of light. [东南大学2001研，考试科目：基础英语]
A. magnitude
B. regulation
C. supposition
D. definition
【解析】选C。句意：假设光速绝对不变，就能建立起相对论这种特殊理论的框架。assumption假定，设想。supposition假定，推测。magnitude数量，巨大。regulation规章。definition定义。
assurance [E5FuErEns] n. 信心，把握；保证，担保；（人寿）保险
【试题】You told me thatJack will arrive tomorrow, but I am not certain that he will. Can you give mesome ______? [中国地质大学2003研，考试科目：综合英语]
A. allowance
B. agreement
C. assurance
D. insurance
【解析】选C。give sB.an assurance给某人保证。allowance宽容，允许。agreement同意；协议。insurance保险。
assure [E5FuE] v.. 确保，保证，担保
【试题】The fact that thehospital had a good reputation ______ him that his child would be well takencare of. [首都师大2004研，考试科目：基础英语]
A. guaranteed
B. ensured
C. insured
D. assured
【解析】选D。assure使某人确信或放心以消除某人的疑虑。guarantee保证，担保。ensure保证会，确保。insure给…买保险，保障。
asteroid [5AstErCid] n. [天文]小游星，小行星；海盘车
adj. 星状的
【试题】Some scientistsbelieve that an colliding withthe earth caused the extinction of the dinosaurs. [东华大学2002研，考试科目：综合英语]
A. astrology
B. asteroid
C. aviator
D. astrosphere
【解析】选B。asteroid小行星。astrology占星术。aviator飞行员，飞行家。astrosphere中心球，地核。
astute [E5stju:t;(?@) E5stu:t] adj. 机敏的，狡猾的
【试题】Such doltishbehavior was not expected from so ______ an individual. [人大2005研，考试科目：基础英语]
A. exasperating
B. astute
C. cowardly
D. enigmatic
E. democratic
【解析】选B。句意：一个机敏的人不该做出那样愚蠢的行为。astute机敏的，狡猾的。exasperating使人恼怒的，激怒人的。cowardly胆怯地。enigmatic谜一般的，高深莫测的。democratic民主的，民主主义的；民众的。
atrophy [5AtrEfi] n. 萎缩(症)；退化
【试题】The cultural lifeof the country will sink into unlessmore writers and artists emerge.
A. atrophy
B. dystrophy
C. asphyxia
D. topography
【解析】选A。句意：除非能多涌现出一些作家和艺术家，否则这个国家的文化生活将枯萎衰退。atrophy衰退。dystrophy营养不良。asphyxia窒息。topography地形学。
attain [E5tein] v. 达到，获得
【试题】In a typhoon,winds ______ a speed greater than 120 kilometers per hour. [西南财大2005研，考试科目：综合英语]
A. assume
B. accomplish
C. attain
D. assemble
【解析】选C。句意：刮台风时，风速能达到每小时120多千米。accomplish和attain都有“达到”的意思，但前者更侧重于成功地完成某项任务、目标，后者指通过时间及坚持等实现。assume采取，设想。assemble集合，聚集。
attenuate [E5tenjueit] v. 削弱
【试题】Activation beginsat a single node and then spreads in parallel form throughout the network. Thisactivation attenuates over distance, thus ensuring that closely relatedconcepts are more likely to be activated than distant concepts. [对外经贸大学2004研，考试科目：基础英语]
A. develop
B. strengthen
C. reduce
D. weaken
【解析】选D。attenuate变薄，削弱。weaken削弱，（使）变弱。develop发展。strengthen加强，巩固。reduce减少，缩小。
attest [E5test] v. 证明
【试题】The perfectdesign is attested by the fact that these buildings have survivedthousands of years. [首都师大2004研，考试科目：英语综合水平测试]
A. measured
B. testified
C. distorted
D. disclosed
【解析】选B。attest证明，证实。testify证明，证实，作证。measure衡量。distort歪曲，扭曲。disclose揭露，泄露。
attire [E5taiE] n. 服装
【试题】People not onlywear beads as jewelry but also incorporate them into articles of attire.[上海对外贸易学院20
01研，考试科目：基础英语]
A. ritual
B. importance
C. clothing
D. history
【解析】选C。句意：人们不仅把珠子当珠宝佩戴，且将珠子和衣服搭配起来。attire服装。ritual仪式，礼节。
attribute [E5tribju(:)t] n. 属性，品质，归结于
v. 把…归因于，把（过错，责任）归于
【试题】The painting inthe long gallery is ______ to Rembrant. [西安交大2001研，考试科目：基础英语]
A. prescribed
B. attributed
C. attached
D. referred
【解析】选B。attributesth. to指“某事物是(某人)创造的”。prescribe开药方；规定。attach to热爱，依恋。refer to提到，谈到。
atypical [ei5tipikEl] adj. 非典型的
【试题】You have taken an case. It does not proveanything.
A. atypical
B. typical
C. macroscopical
D. tropical
【解析】选A。句意：你举的例子不是典型的，它不能说明什么。atypical非典型的。typical典型的。macroscopical宏观的；肉眼可见的。tropical热带的。
audacity [C:5dAsiti] n. 大胆，放肆；勇猛，胆识
【试题】They greatlyadmired his and the incrediblesuccesses which had crowned it.
A. audacity
B. cowardice
C. falsity
D. greed
【解析】选A。句意：他们非常钦佩他的胆略和显现出这种胆略的那些难以置信的成就。audacity胆略。coward
-ice懦弱。falsity虚伪。greed贪婪。
augment [C:^5ment] v. 增加，增大
【试题】Transcendentalismis an obscure subject, and efforts to clarify it usually result only in augmentingthe obscurity. [东北师大2003研，考试科目：英语实践基础]
A. revealing
B. increasing
C. clarifying
D. covering
【解析】选B。句意：先验主义是种模糊的理念，若有人尽各种努力想阐明，结果通常是使其更加模糊。augment增加，与increase意思相同。reveal展现，揭示。clarify澄清，阐明。cover覆盖。
auspicious [C:s5piFEs] n. 吉兆的，幸运的
【试题】It was an auspiciousbeginning to her career as an author. [西南财大2007研，考试科目：综合英语；北航2005研，考试科目：基础英语]
A. unexpected
B. interesting
C. favorable
D. doubtful
【解析】选C。auspicious吉祥的，顺利的。favorable有利的，良好的。unexpected未预料到的。doubtful可疑的，疑心的。
austere [Cs5tiE] adj. 严峻的，严厉的；简朴的，不加修饰的
【例句】A few smallbush-apples which were as austere as walking sticks when I planted themonly two months ago are now in full flower. [天津外国语学院2006研，考试科目：基础英语]
【译文】当我两个月前种下这几棵矮小的苹果树时，他们普通得像拐杖，但是现在它们已经花满枝头了。
austerity [Cs5teriti] n. 严峻，严厉；节俭，苦行
【试题】There is noshared endeavour or suffering, service in the armed forces has become a rarity,and austerity is a distant memory. [对外经贸大学2004研，考试科目：基础英语]
A. obdurateness
Bastringency
C. extravagance
D. abstemiousness
【解析】选D。austerity朴素，节俭。abstemiousness有节制，节俭。obdurateness冷酷无情，顽固。astringency严厉。extravagance奢侈，铺张。
automation [C:tE5meiFEn] n. 自动化，自动操作
【试题】In fact, makethe blue-and-while workers become puppets who dance to the tune of machines.
A. autonomy
B. automation
C. innovation
D. mechanism
【解析】选B。句意：自动化使得蓝领工人和白领工人变成了按照机器节奏跳舞的傀儡。automation自动控制，自动操作。autonomy自治。innovation改革，创新。mechanism机械装置，机构，机制。
autonomy [C:5tCnEmi] n. 自治，自治权
【试题】The authors ofthe United States Constitution attempted to establish an effective nationalgovernment while preserving forthe states and liberty for individuals. [东华大学2004研，考试科目：综合英语；电子科大2002研，考试科目：英语水平测试]
A. autonomy
B. dignity
C. monopoly
D. stability
【解析】选A。句意：美国立宪者试图建立一个有效的，同时保留州自治和个人自由的全国性政府。autonomy自治。dignity尊严，高贵。monopoly垄断；专利权。stability稳定性。
avail [E5veil] v. 有益于，有用，有帮助
n. 效用，利益
【试题】During the art festival,she quickly ______ herself of the opportunity to make friends. [西安外国语学院2004研，考试科目：基础英语]
A. availed
B. seized
C. obtained
D. acquired
【解析】选A。availoneself of利用。seizeopportunity抓住机会，seize后面不能加oneself。obtain获得。acquire获得，习得。
avarice [5AvEris] n. 贪财，贪婪
【试题】, ambition, and lust are nothing but species ofmadness, although not enumerated among diseases.
A. Avarice
B. Consciousness
C. Diligence
D. Dignity
【解析】选A。句意：贪婪、野心、欲望都不过是疯狂之一种，虽然没有被列为疾病。avarice贪婪。consciousness自觉，觉悟。diligence勤奋。dignity高贵。
aversion [E5vE:FEn] n. 厌恶，讨厌的事和人
【试题】Her tothe wrong formed so distinctive a feature of her minD.
A. aversion
B. amnesty
C. calumny
D. consternation
【解析】选A。句意：对邪恶的深恶痛绝，正是她性格的突出之处。aversion厌恶。amnesty特赦。calumny诽谤，中伤。consternation惊愕，惊恐。
avert [E5vE:t] v. 转移；防止，避免
【试题】Meanwhile Franceis threatening to veto the successful oilseeds deal that averted a U. S.E. C. trade war last November. [电子科大2002研，考试科目：英语水平测试]
A. started
B. prevented
C. contributed
D. cawed
【解析】选B。句意：与此同时，法国正威胁要停止一项已达成的植物种子贸易，正是这项贸易避免了去年十一月美国与欧盟之间的贸易战。avert防止，避免。prevent防止，预防。start开始。contribute贡献，捐献。caw乌鸦的叫声。
avid [5Avid] adj. 渴望的
【试题】______ readersgenerally either admire or dislike Ernest Hemingway’s journalistic style ofwriting; few have no opinion of it.
A. Sober
B. Avaricious
C. Slack
D. Avid
【解析】选D。avid热心的，渴望的。sober清醒的，冷静的。avaricious贪婪的，贪心的。slack宽松的，松懈的。
avow [E5vau] v. 承认
【试题】He avowedhis commitment to those ideals. [南开大学2004研，考试科目：基础英语]
A. acknowledged
B. converted
C. conformed
D. renounced
【解析】选A。avow承认。acknowledge承认，公认。convert使转变。conform使一致，使遵守。renounce断然拒绝，否认。
awe [C:] n. /vt. 敬畏，畏惧
【试题】Even as child, Iwas ______ by my mother’s accomplishments and beauty. [上海交大2007研，考试科目：英语水平考试]
A. intimidated
B. awed
C. worshipped
D. admired
【解析】选B。句意：孩提时代起，母亲的成就和美貌就让我敬畏。awe使敬畏，使畏惧。intimidate恫吓，威胁。worship崇拜，敬仰，仰慕。admire赞美，钦佩。worship和admire表示“崇拜、钦佩某人”时，不需用被动语态。
awesome [5C:sEm] adj. 令人敬畏的，可怕的
【试题】As a rule he wasmore affected by the abyssesthan by the harmonious landscape.
A. awesome
B. cumbersome
C. fulsome
D. noisome
【解析】选A。句意：一般说来，更触动他的是可畏的绝壁深壑，而非和谐的景色。awesome可怕的。cumbersome麻烦的，笨重的。fulsome因过分做作而显得可厌的。noisome有害的，有毒的。
axiom [5AksiEm] n. 公理，定理，格言
【试题】It is an ______that the more people know a secret, the less of a secret it is likely to be. [南航2006研，考试科目：基础英语]
A. axle
B. axiom
C. axis
D. azure
【解析】选B。句意：有这样一个定理，知道秘密的人越多，秘密就越不可能是秘密。axiom定理，公理。axle轮轴，车轴。axis轴，轴线。azure苍天，碧空。
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