冲刺班笔记：
03年真题第一篇
Wild Bill Donovan would have loved the Internet. The American spymaster who built the Office of Strategic Services in the World War II and later laid the roots for the CIA was fascinated with information. Donovan believed in using whatever tools came to hand in the "great game" of espionage - spying as a "profession". These days the Net, which has already re-made pastimes as buying books and sending mail, is reshaping Donovan's vocation as well.
比尔·多诺汶肯定会喜欢网络。这位美国间谍大王对情报着迷，他曾经在第二次世界大战时建立了战略事务办公室，后来又为中央情报局的成立打下了基础。多诺汶相信，在谍报职业这个"大游戏"中可以使用任何手段。如今，互联网已经改变了买书和寄信这样的日常活动，也正在改变多诺汶曾经从事的这个职业。
spy:间谍 -- spymaster:大间谍
laid the roots for:奠定了……的基础
CIA:Central Intelligence Agency 中央情报局
espionage:间谍活动 vocation：职业
42. Donovan's story is mentioned in the text to ________.
[A] introduce the topic of online spying
[B] show how he fought for the US
[C] give an episode of the information war
[D] honor his unique services to the CIA
答案：A 本题属于例证题 episode:插曲 disgression
The last revolution isn't simply a matter of gentlemen reading other gentlemen's e-mail. That kind of electronic spying has been going on for decades. In the past three or four years, the world wide web has given birth to a whole industry of point-and-click spying. The spooks call it "open source intelligence," and as the Net grows, it is becoming increasingly influential. In 1995 the CIA held a contest to see who could compile the most data about Burundi. The winner, by a large margin, was a tiny Virginia company called Open-Source Solutions，whose clear advantage was its mastery of the electronic world.
最近的这次革命性的改变不仅仅是一个人偷看别人的电子邮件的问题，这样的电子间谍活动已经存在了数十年。在过去的三四年中，国际互联网已经派生出一个可称为点击谍报的完整的产业。间谍们把它称为"公开来源情报"。随着互联网的增长，这样的情报变得越来越有影响力。1995年中央情报局举办了一个竞赛，看谁能够收集到关于"布隆迪"的最多信息。胜者胜出了一大截，却是弗吉尼亚的一家小公司，名为"公开来源解决方案"，它的明显优势是它对电子世界的把握。
would wide web: www 万维网 spooks：间谍 open source: 开放的资源 by a large margin:胜出了很多 by a small margin by a narrow margin
Among the firms making the biggest splash in the new world is Straitford, Inc., a private intelligence-analysis firm based in Austin, Texas. Straitford makes money by selling the results of spying (covering nations from Chile to Russia) to corporations like energy-services firm McDermott International. Many of its predictions are available online at www.straitford.com.
在这个新的电子世界中最引起轰动的是一个叫司特雷福的公司，它是得克萨斯州奥斯汀市的一个私营的情报分析公司。该公司的业务是将覆盖全球各个国家的情报销售给"麦克德莫国际"这样的能源公司。它的许多预测在网上都可以查阅，网址www.straitford.com。
43. The phrase "making the biggest splash" (line 1, paragraph 3) most probably means ________.
[A] causing the biggest trouble
[B] exerting the greatest effort
[C] achieving the greatest success
[D] enjoying the widest popularity
答案：C
Straiford president George Friedman says he sees the online world as a kind of mutually reinforcing tool for both information collection and distribution, a spymaster's dream. Last week his firm was busy vacuuming up data bits from the far corners of the world and predicting a crisis in Ukraine. "As soon as that report runs, we'll suddenly get 500 new internet sign-ups from Ukraine," says Friedman, a former political science professor. "And we'll hear back from some of them." Open-source spying does have its risks, of course, since it can be difficult to tell good information from bad. That's where Straitford earns its keep. 该公司的总裁乔治·弗莱德曼说，他把网络世界视为情报收集和情报发布两方面相互增强的工具，是间谍们的梦想。上周，他的公司正在从远在世界的另一角落收集零散的信息，并预测在乌克兰将发生一场危机。"一旦这个报道发布，我们将从乌克兰突然新增500个浏览用户，"弗莱德曼，一位前政治科学教授说，"我们将听到其中一些人的回应。"当然公开来源的谍报活动的确有它的风险，因为很难区分正确与错误的信息。这正是司特雷福公司挣饭吃的地方。
distribution：分布 vacuum：真空 vacuum cleaner：吸尘器 acuuming up：吸起来
keep: v.保留 n.charge收费 earn one's bread:make a living
Friedman relies on a lean staff in Austin. Several of his staff members have military-intelligence backgrounds. He sees the firm's outsider status as the key to its success. Straitford's briefs don't sound like the usual Washington back-and-forthing, whereby agencies avoid dramatic declarations on the chance they might be wrong. Straitford, says Friedman, takes pride in its independent voice.
弗莱德曼只在奥斯汀市雇用了为数不多的雇员。其中的一些有军事情报工作背景。他把公司的"局外人"地位视为它成功的关键。司特雷福公司的简报听上去不像华盛顿当局常常提供的躲闪的言辞，政府机构往往避免发布引人注目的言论，因为这些言论可能出错。弗莱德曼说，司特雷福公司为其独立的声音而感到自豪。
back-and-forthing:正反两面都说的话，两方都搞平衡的话
41. The emergence of the Net has ________.
[A] received support from fans like Donovan
[B] remolded the intelligence services
[C] restored many common pastimes
[D] revived spying as a profession
fans：发烧友 答案：B：带来了翻天复地的变化
44. It can be learned from paragraph 4 that ________.
[A] Straitford's prediction about Ukraine has proved true
[B] Straitford guarantees the truthfulness of its information
[C] Straitford's business is characterized by unpredictability
[D] Straitford is able to provide fairly reliable information
答案：D A预测是正确的B保证信息的真实性C特点是不可预测性D相对而言比较可靠的信息。
45. Straitford is most proud of its ________.
[A] official status.
[B] nonconformist image.
[C] efficient staff.
[D] military background.
细节题，看最后一句Straitford, says Friedman, takes pride in its independent voice.
答案：B conoformist：遵从者，习惯于循规蹈矩的人 nonconformist 独立特行的人
第二篇
To paraphrase 18th-century statesman Edmund Burke, "all that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing." One such cause now seeks to end biomedical research because of the theory that animals have rights ruling out their use in research. Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates, whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care. Leaders of the animal rights movement target biomedical research because it depends on public funding, and few people understand the process of health care research. Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals in research settings, many are perplexed that anyone would deliberately harm an animal.
18世纪政治家埃德蒙·柏克曾说过类似这样的话，"一个被误导的事业如果要成功，它惟一需要的是好人无所作为"。一个这样的事业现在正在寻求终止生物医学的研究，因为有这样一种理论说，动物享有权利禁止它们被用于实验。科学家应该对动物权利鼓吹者做出强有力的回应，因为他们的言论混淆了公众的视听，从而威胁到卫生知识和卫生服务的进步。动物权利运动的领导者将矛头指向生物医学研究，原因在于它依赖公共资金的资助，并且很少有人懂得医学研究的过程。当人们听到医学实验虐待动物的指控时，许多人都不明白为什么有人会故意伤害动物。
parafhrase:解释 statesman：政治家 Edmund Burke:博克 triumph：胜利 cause：运动
ruling out:比……更重要 target：把……瞄向……
allegation:描述，主张 perplexed:迷惑的 deliberately：成心地
staffing:充当工作人员 brochure:小册子 immunization：免疫注射
For example, a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that comes from or is tested in animals - no meat, no fur, no medicines. Asked if she opposed immunizations, she wanted to know if vaccines come from animal research. When assured that they do, she replied, "Then I would have to say yes." Asked what will happen when epidemics return, she said, "Don't worry, scientists will find some way of using computers." Such well-meaning people just don't understand.
例如，在近期的一次集市上，一位老奶奶站在动物权利宣传点前散发小册子，规劝人们不要使用动物制品和动物实验制品--肉类，毛皮，药物。当被问到她是否反对免疫接种时，她问疫苗是否来自动物实验。当被告知的确如此，她回答道，"那么我不得不说，是的，我反对接种"。当被问到瘟疫爆发怎么办时，她说，"不用担心，科学家会找到一种方法，用计算机来解决问题"。看，这样好心的人们就是不明白。
48. The example of the grandmotherly woman is used to show the public's ________.
[A] discontent with animal research
[B] ignorance about medical science
[C] indifference to epidemics
[D] anxiety about animal rights
看最后一句Such well-meaning people just don't understand.
答案：B
Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate, understandable way - in human terms, not in the language of molecular biology. We need to make clear the connection between animal research and a grandmother's hip replacement, a father's bypass operation, a baby's vaccinations, and even a pet's shots. To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines, animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst.
科学家必须把他们的意思传达给公众，并且要使用有同情心和通俗易懂的语言，一般人能够明白的语言，而不要使用分子生物学的语言。我们需要说明动物实验与祖母的髋骨更换、父亲的心脏搭桥、婴儿的免疫接种、甚至宠物的注射针剂都密切相关。许多人不明白获得这些新的治疗方法和疫苗都必须进行动物实验。对于他们来说，动物实验说得好是浪费，说得不好是残忍。
Much can be done. Scientists could "adopt" middle school classes and present their own research. They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor, lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth. Research institutions could be opened to tours, to show that laboratory animals receive humane care. Finally, because the ultimate stakeholders are patients, the health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper, who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research, but all who receive medical treatment. If good people do nothing there is a real possibility that an uninformed citizenry will extinguish the precious embers of medical progress.
有很多事情可以做。科学家可以进入中学课堂，展示他们的实验结果。他们应该对报刊的读者来信及时做出反应，以防止动物权利的误导言论在毫无质疑的情况下横行，从而获得一副真理的面容。科研机构应该对外开放，让人参观，向人们展示实验室里的动物获得了人道的对待。最后，因为最终决定因素是病人，医疗研究机构不仅应该积极争取斯蒂芬·库柏这样的名人的支持--他对动物实验的价值勇敢地进行了肯定--而且应该争取所有接受治疗的病人的支持。如果好人无所作为，一群不明真相的公众真的有可能扑灭医学进步的宝贵火种。
citizenry：公民 extinguish：消灭 embers：余晖、余火
46. The author begins his article with Edmund Burke's words to ________.
[A] call on scientists to take some actions
[B] criticize the misguided cause of animal rights
[C] warn of the doom of biomedical research
[D] show the triumph of the animal rights movement
答案：A
47. Misled people tend to think that using an animal in research is ________.
[A] cruel but natural
[B] inhuman and unacceptable
[C] inevitable but vicious
[D] pointless and wasteful
答案：B
49. The author believes that, in face of the challenge from animal rights advocates, scientists should ________.
[A] communicate more with the public
[B] employ hi-tech means in research
[C] feel no shame for their cause
[D] strive to develop new cures
答案：A
50. From the text we learn that Stephen Cooper is ________.
[A] a well-known humanist
[B] a medical practitioner
[C] an enthusiast in animal rights
[D] a supporter of animal research
答案：D
第四篇
与02年最后一篇对比，思路上有相似之处
It is said that in England death is pressing, in Canada inevitable and in California optional. Small wonder. Americans' life expectancy has nearly doubled over the past century. Failing hips can be replaced, clinical depression controlled, cataracts removed in a 30-minute surgical procedure. Such advances offer the aging population a quality of life that was unimaginable when I entered medicine 50 years ago. But not even a great health-care system can cure death - and our failure to confront that reality now threatens this greatness of ours.
据说，在英国死亡很紧迫，在加拿大死亡不可避免，在加利福尼亚死亡可以选择。难怪，在过去的一个世纪里，美国人的寿命几乎翻了一番。髋骨不行了可以更换，临床的忧郁症得到了控制，白内障仅用30分钟手术便可以切除。这些进步给老年人口带来的高质量生活在50年前我刚从事医学时是不可想像的。但是即使有一个伟大的医疗卫生体系，死亡也是无法战胜的--而我们不能面对这个现实，正危及我们自身的伟大。
作者把三地进行比较，第一句用it is said的句型
pressing：紧迫的，有压力的 inevitable：不可避免的 optional：可选择的
life expectancy:预期寿命 small wonder ，没什么大惊小怪的 第二句为主题句
cataract：白内障 aging：老年人
Death is normal; we are genetically programmed to disintegrate and perish, even under ideal conditions. We all understand that at some level, yet as medical consumers we treat death as a problem to be solved. Shielded by third-party payers from the cost of our care, we demand everything that can possibly be done for us, even if it's useless. The most obvious example is late-stage cancer care. Physicians - frustrated by their inability to cure the disease and fearing loss of hope in the patient - too often offer aggressive treatment far beyond what is scientifically justified.
死亡是正常的；我们的基因决定我们即使在最理想的环境里也会解体和灭亡。我们所有人在某种程度上都懂得这一点，但是作为医疗消费者，我们常将死亡视为一个问题来解决。由于医疗费用由第三方支付，我们常常要求用尽所有的医疗手段，即使它们不会有任何作用。最明显的例子是晚期癌症的治疗。医生由于不能治愈疾病，同时又担心病人失去希望，常常采用极端大胆的治疗方法，这些方法远远超出了科学能够认同的界限。
Death is normal 作者观点 disintegrate:（使）分解，（使）碎裂 shielded：保护，防护，遮敝
aggressive:好斗的，敢作敢为的，有闯劲的，侵略性的（同02年）
In 1950, the US spent $12.7 billion on health care. In 2002, the cost will be $1540 billion. Anyone can see this trend is unsustainable. Yet few seem willing to try to reverse it. Some scholars conclude that a government with finite resources should simply stop paying for medical care that sustains life beyond a certain age - say 83 or so. Former Colorado governor Richard Lamm has been quoted as saying that the old and infirm "have a duty to die and get out of the way", so that younger, healthier people can realize their potential.
1950年，美国在医疗卫生方面的开支是127亿美元。2002年，这项开支将达到15400亿。任何人都明白这个趋势不可持续，但是很少有人愿意扭转它。有些学者总结说，如果政府资金有限，它应该停止支付延缓某一个年龄以上人群寿命的医疗费用--比如83岁左右。据说，科罗拉多州前州长理查德·拉姆曾经说，老年多病者"有责任死去和让位"，以让更年轻、更健康的人们去发挥他们的潜能。
unsustainable:不可持续的，不能支持的 infirm：弱的，不坚固的，柔弱的
I would not go that far. Energetic people now routinely work through their 60s and beyond, and remain dazzlingly productive. At 78, Viacom chairman Sumner Redstone jokingly claims to be 53. Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O'Connor is in her 70s, and former surgeon general C.Everett Koop chairs an Internet start-up in his 80s. These leaders are living proof that prevention works and that we can manage the health problems that come naturally with age. As a mere 68-year-old, I wish to age as productively as they have.
我不会说得这么绝对，毕竟现在精力充沛的人们通常能工作到60岁，甚至更久，并仍然具有惊人的创造力。78岁的Viacom公司总裁萨姆勒·雷斯顿开玩笑说他只有53岁。最高法院法官桑德拉·欧康奈70有余，前卫生局医务主任C·库普80来岁还出任了一个互联网公司的总裁。这些领导人就是活生生的证据，证明对疾病的防治是有意义的，证明我们能够对付年龄带来的健康问题。作为一名年仅68岁的人，我希望像他们一样在老龄阶段保持精力充沛。
第一句话说明了作者观点I would not go that far
58. The author's attitude to ward Richard Lamm's remark is one of ________.
[A] strong disapproval
[B] reserved consent
[C] slight contempt
[D] enthusiastic support
答案：B，B有保留的支持，C带有轻微的蔑视，D非常热情的支持
Yet there are limits to what a society can spend in this pursuit. As a physician, I know the most costly and dramatic measures may be ineffective and painful. I also know that people in Japan and Sweden, countries that spend far less on medical care, have achieved longer, healthier lives than we have. As a nation, we may be overfunding the quest for unlikely cures while underfunding research on humbler therapies that could improve people's lives.
然而在这样的追求中，一个社会能够承担的费用是有限的。作为一名医生，我深知最昂贵和最戏剧化的手段也可能是无效的和痛苦的。我也深知在医疗开销少得多的日本和瑞典，人们获得了比我们更长的、更健康的寿命。作为一个民族，我们可能在寻求不可能奏效的治疗方法上花钱太多，而在研究能提高人们生活质量的更平常的方法上花钱太少。
overfunding花的钱过分了 与underfunding对应
56. What is implied in the first sentence?
[A] Americans are better prepared for death than other people.
[B] Americans enjoy a higher life quality than ever before.
[C] Americans are over-confident of their medical technology.
[D] Americans take a vain pride in their long life expectancy.
答案：C
57. The author uses the example of caner patients to show that ________.
[A] medical resources are often wasted
[B] doctors are helpless against fatal diseases
[C] some treatments are too aggressive
[D] medical costs are becoming unaffordable
答案：A 例证题
59. In contras to the US, Japan and Sweden are funding their medical care ________.
[A] more flexibly
[B] more extravagantly
[C] more cautiously
[D] more reasonably
答案：D 比较三地。A更有弹性，没有提到，B更加浪费的，没有提到
60. The text intends to express the idea that ________.
[A] medicine will further prolong people's lives
[B] life beyond a certain limit is not worth living
[C] death should be accepted as a fact of life
[D] excessive demands increase the cost of health care
答案：C 主旨题，第二段第一句话作者: putaoyuan1314 时间: 07-9-4 14:26
多谢拉好人作者: 32843007 时间: 08-4-3 10:50
好东西,谢谢哥们哦.作者: zhouxuan88 时间: 08-4-3 13:56
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