考试科目： 英语专业基础
适用专业： 英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学
研究方向： 英美文学、美国文化研究、加拿大文化研究、欧洲文化研究、现代英语及语言理论、英语翻译理论与实践、现代外语教育及教育技术
（注意：答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试题上不给分）
Part One Reading Comprehension (40 points)
I. Cloze Test (10 points)
Choose one of the four answers marked [A], [B], [C], [D] to complete the article. Write your answer on the answer sheet. Be sure that the number of the answers is in agreement with the number of the blanks.
Music comes in many forms; most countries have a style of their own. At the turn of the century when jazz was born, America had no prominent 1 of its own. No one knows exactly when jazz was 2 ,or by whom. But it began to be heard in the early 1900s.Jazz is America’s contribution to popular music. In contrast to classical music, which 3 formal European traditions, jazz is spontaneous and free form. It bubbles with energy, 4 the moods, interests, and emotions of the people. In the 1920s jazz 5 like America, and as it does today. The 6 of this music are as interesting as the music itself. American Negroes, or blacks, as they are called today, were the jazz 7 . They were brought to Southern States as slaves. They were sold to plantation owners and forced to work long hours. When a Negro died, his friends and relatives 8 a procession to carry the body to the cemetery. In New Orleans, a band often accompanied the procession .On the way to the cemetery the band played slow, solemn music suited to the occasion. But on the way home the mood changed. Spirits lifted. Death had removed one of their 9 , but the living were glad to be alive. The band played happy music, improvising on both the harmony and the melody of the tunes 10 at the funeral. This music made everyone want to dance. It was an early form of jazz.
1. [A] music [B] song [C] melody [D] style
2. [A] discovered [B] acted [C] invented [D] designed
3. [A] forms [B] follows [C] approaches [D] introduces
4. [A] expressing [B] explaining [C] exposing [D] illustrating
5. [A] appeared [B] felt [C] seemed [D] sounded
6. [A] origins [B] originals [C] discoveries [D] resources
7. [A] players [B] followers [C] fans [D] pioneers
8. [A] demonstrated [B] composed [C] hosted [D] formed
9. [A] number [B] members [C] body [D] relations
10. [A] whistled [B] sung [C] presented [D] showed
II. Reading comprehension: (30 points)
In this section there are three passages followed by a total of fifteen multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and write your answer on the answer sheet.
Passage 1
Lloyds TSB, the UK’s biggest high street bank, is being forced to withdraw a memo which orders its branch staff not to switch customers into accounts that would pay them higher rates of interest.
The bank will today write to every one of its 2,600 branches to “clarify” the contents of an internal memo, which tells staff it is “unacceptable” to inform current account customers that they could make better return by shifting spare cash into accounts with higher returns. The average balance in a Lloyds TSB account is understood to be 2,000 and if half of every balance was moved into an alternative instant access account operated by Lloyds, the bank would have to pay an estimated $160 million in additional interest in a year. Lloyds, which has 7 million customers and last year made more than $3 billion profit, pays 0.3 per cent interest on its current account. Its instant access account offers 3.4 per cent. The memo told staff they could lose out on incentive scheme rewards—including cash bonuses and foreign holidays—if they were caught switching cash out of low interest accounts.
A spokeswoman for Lloyds TSB said the memo, entitled Key Sales and Service Objectives, was designed to improve service levels and had been “quoted out of context”. It was written by Mike Mitchell, the bank’s national sales manager, and circulated in January. It was designed to stop its staff opening new accounts merely to receive incentive scheme points. Staff are allowed, however, to make other suggestions to customers, including selling them financial services such as unit trust investments and private health insurance, which generate substantial profits for the bank. Branch workers who successfully sell such products receive incentive scheme rewards, directly related to how much profit the bank makes from them. The bank’s spokeswoman said: “The spirit of this memo, of putting customers first, has been obfuscated by sentences which are meant to say one thing but may be interpreted as saying another.” In some cases, she claimed, those with high sums to invest can get better returns from their existing current accounts because the interest rate rises as the balance goes up. But she admitted that the memo tells staff that all current account switches “must be initiated by the customer”, and that staff are not allowed to advise customers their money might earn better returns in alternative accounts. The only time such suggestions can be made, says the memo, is in a formal one-to-one interview with the customer. The bank insisted that the memo was designed to improve customer service, but it has angered branch staff, who believe they are being ordered not to operate in the customers’ best interests.
The Lloyds’ spokeswoman added: “We agree that this memo may be misinterpreted.” The bank’s deputy chief executive, Michael Fairley, has intervened and will be rewriting the memo.
1. According to the passage, Lloyds TSB is going to withdraw its internal memo circulated in January because .
[A] it has been made known to the general public
[B] it has been opposed by all its customers
[C] it is misinterpreted by its branch staff
[D] it is considered against customers’ best interests
2. The spokeswoman for Lloyds TSB’s comment that the memo had been “quoted out of context” could be considered .
[A] a confession of the bank’s malpractice
[B] a guarantee of improvement of the bank’s service
[C] a response to criticisms of the memo
[D] a hint to withdraw and rewrite the memo
3. It can be concluded from the passage that according to the memo, the branch staff .
[A] will get no cash bonuses if they sell private health insurance to customers
[B] will receive no incentive scheme rewards if found shifting customers cash into higher interest accounts
[C] cannot make any suggestions in a formal one-to-one interview with customers
[D] shall never tell customers the interest rates of different accounts
4. The word “obfuscated” used in paragraph 3 can be replaced by .
[A] clarified [B]strengthened [C] obscured [D] weakened
5. According to the passage, all of the following are true EXCEPT that .
[A] the interest rate of an instant access account is higher than that of a current account
[B] the interest rate can rise as the balance in an account goes up to a certain level
[C] the memo does not allow account switches initiated by customers
[D] the memo encourages bank workers to sell more financial services to customers
Passage 2
Imagine a world in which there was suddenly no emotion—a world in which human beings could feel no love or happiness, no terror or hate. Try to imagine the consequences of such a transformation. People might not be able to stay alive: knowing neither joy nor pleasure, neither anxiety nor fear, they would be as likely to repeat acts that hurt them as acts that were beneficial. They could not learn: they could not benefit from experience because this emotionless world would lack rewards and punishments. Society would soon disappear: people would be as likely to harm one another as to provide help and support. Human relationships would not exist; in a world without friends or enemies, there could be no marriage, affection among companions, or bonds among members of groups. Society’s economic underpinnings would be destroyed: since earning would not bring enjoyment, there would be no incentive to work. In fact, there would be no incentives of any kind. For as we will see, incentives imply a capacity to enjoy them.
In such a world, the chances that the human species would survive are next to zero, because emotions are the basic instrument of our survival and adaptation. Emotions structure the world for us in important ways. As individuals, we categorize objects on the basis of our emotions. True, we consider the length, shape, size, or texture, but an object’s physical aspects are less important than what it has done or can do to us—hurt us, surprise us, anger us or make us joyful. We also use categorizations colored by emotions in our families, communities, and overall society. Out of our emotional experiences with objects and events comes a social feeling of agreement that certain things and actions are “good” and others are “bad”, and we apply these categories to every aspect of our social life—from what foods we eat and what clothes we wear to how we keep promises and which people our group will accept. In fact, society exploits our emotional reactions and attitudes, such as loyalty, morality, pride, shame, guilt, fear and greed, in order to maintain itself. It gives high rewards to individuals who perform important tasks such as surgery, makes heroes out of individuals for unusual or dangerous achievements such as flying fighter planes in a war, and uses the legal and penal system to make people afraid to engage in antisocial acts.
6. The reason why people might not be able to stay alive in a world without emotion is that .
[A] they would not be able to tell the texture of objects
[B] they would not know what was beneficial and what was harmful to them
[C] they would not be happy with a life without love
[D] they would do things that hurt each other’s feelings
7. According to the passage, people’s learning activities are possible because they .
[A] enjoy being rewarded for doing the right thing
[B] know what is vital to the progress of society
[C] believe that emotions are fundamental for them to stay alive
[D] benefit from providing help and support to one another
8. It can be inferred from the passage that the economic foundation of society is dependent on .
[A] the ability to make money
[B] the will to work for pleasure
[C] the capacity to enjoy incentives
[D] the categorizations of our emotional experiences
9. Emotions are significant for man’s survival and adaptation because .
[A] they provide the means by which people view the size or shape of objects
[B] they are the basis for the social feeling of agreement by which society is maintained
[C] they encourage people to perform dangerous achievements
[D] they generate more love than hate among people
10. The emotional aspects of an object are more important than its physical aspects in that they .
[A] help society exploit its members for profit
[B] encourage us to perform important tasks
[C] help to perfect the legal and penal system
[D] help us adapt our behavior to the world surrounding us
Passage 3
Astronomers have witnessed the biggest bang since the big bang—the moment about 15 billion years ago when the universe was created in a massive explosion. The huge burst of energy from the edge of the universe is estimated to be second only to the moment of creation in its explosive force, releasing more energy in two seconds than the sun will give out in it lifetime. Scientists hope the explosion—known as a gamma-ray burst because it emits energy in the form of gamma radiation—will shed light on the earliest stages in the evolution of the stars and galaxies. Gamma-ray bursts cannot be seen by the human eye, but if they could the sky would light up like a camera flash each time they occurred. They are by far the most energetic events in the universe and, until now, have remained largely a mystery.
The latest gamma-ray burst to be detected accurately occurred last December. Using a network of telescopes and satellites, the astronomers were able to calculate its distance from Earth at about 15 billion light years. This means it must have happened soon after the big bang itself, while the intensity of the radiation revealed it to be the biggest bang recorded by man. Scientists from the American National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the California Institute of Technology are to announce details of their analysis this week. The huge distance between the source of the explosion and the Earth suggests gamma-ray bursts are up to 10 times larger than previously thought, said Jonathan Katz, professor of physics at Washington University in St Louis.
“Gamma-ray bursts may be the most distant things we will ever see and as such will act as beacons to probe into the very distant regions of the universe when stars and galaxies were first formed.”
American spy satellites looking for the radiation released from Soviet nuclear tests first detected gamma-ray bursts in 1967 but the details were kept classified until 1973. For nearly 25 years scientists were hampered in their efforts to find an explanation for the huge explosions because they lasted no longer than a few seconds. The inability to explain them led to speculation that gamma-ray bursts were the remnants of nuclear battles between alien civilizations, or even the exhaust energy of extraterrestrial spaceships going into warp drive. Two satellites, the American Compton gamma-ray observatory and the Italian-Dutch Bepposax satellite, have now been able to locate the precise direction of gamma-ray bursts within seconds of them occurring. John Quenby, professor of physics at Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine in London, said the most likely explanation for gamma-ray burst is that they result from the enormous energy released when two very dense objects—called neutron stars—collide.
11. According to the passage, “the big bang” is used to express all of the following EXCEPT .
[A] the huge energy burst which created the universe
[B] the energy burst which took place in the center of the universe
[C] the explosion which took place in the form of gamma radiation
[D] the explosion which happened about 15 billion years ago
12. According to the passage, gamma-ray bursts .
[A] were detected accidentally
[B] were first detected by Soviet nuclear experts
[C] were made known to the public after 1973
[D] were soon given clear and detailed explanation
13. It can be concluded from the passage that the study of the big bang will probably .
[A] lead to the discovery of earliest human civilizations
[B] tell how and when the universe was formed
[C] display the intensity of nuclear radiation
[D] make it possible to communicate with other civilizations
14. Which of the following is NOT directly stated but can be inferred from the passage?
[A] Gamma-ray explosion is very, very far away from the Earth.
[B] Scientists believe that the universe was formed out of the big bang.
[C] Gamma-ray bursts lasted only a very short period of time.
[D] Scientists are still working hard to find more plausible explanation for the big bang.
15. Which of the following can be used as the best title of the passage?
[A] Gamma-ray Bursts and Nuclear Ears between Alien Civilizations.
[B] Astronomy and the Creation of Universe.
[C] Big Bang Theory Explains the Mystery of Universe.
[D] Big Bang II Sheds Light on Evolution of Universe.
Part Two English-Chinese Translation (30 points)
Translate the following passages into Chinese. Each translated passage will account for 15 points. Give the number of the passage on your answer sheet.
Passage 1
For the great majority of automobile workers, the only meaning of the job is in the pay check, not in anything connected with the work or the product. Work appears as something unnatural, a disagreeable, meaningless and stultifying condition of getting the pay check, devoid of dignity as well as of importance. No wonder that this puts a premium on slovenly work, on slowdowns, and on other tricks to get the same pay check with less work. No wonder that this results in an unhappy and discontented worker—because a pay check is not enough to base one‘s self-respect on.
Passage 2
One morning when he was walking out in the hills a girl passed him, then slowed her car to ask if she could give him a lift. Claude would have said that she was just the sort who would never stop to pick him up, --yet she did, and she talked to him pleasantly all the way back to town. It was only twenty minutes or so, but it was worth everything else that happened on his trip. When she asked him where she should put him down, he said at the Antlers, and blushed so furiously that she must have known at once he wasn’t staying there.
Part Three Chinese-English Translation (30 points)
Translate the following passage into English:
中华文明以其顽强的凝聚力和隽永的魅力，历经沧桑，完整地延续下来。拥有五千年的文明史，这是我们中国人的骄傲。中华民族的传统文化博大精深，源远流长。早在两千多年前，就产生了以孔孟为代表的儒家学说和以老庄为代表的道家学说，以及其他许多在中国思想史上有地位的学说和学派。从孔夫子到孙中山，中华民族的传统文化有许多珍贵品质。比如，强调仁爱，强调群体，强调和而不同，强调天下为公，特别是天下兴亡，匹夫有责的爱国情操，民为邦本，民贵君轻的民本思想。吃苦耐劳，勤俭持家，尊师重教的传统美德，世代相传，所有这些，对家庭、对国家和社会都起到了巨大的维系和调节作用。
Part Four Writing (50 points)
Read the following passage and write a comment IN ABOUT 300 WORDS on what you have read.
HEART BRIGHT
Last year around Halloween, I was invited to participate in a carnival for Tuesday’s Child, an organization that helps children with the AIDS virus. I was asked to attend because I’m on a television show; I went because I care. I don’t think that most of the kids recognized me as a celebrity. They just thought of me as a big kid who came to play with them for the day. I think I liked it better that day.
At the carnival they had all kinds of booths. I was drawn to one in particular because of all the children that had gathered there. At the booth, anyone who wanted to could paint a square. Later that square was going to be sewn together with the others, to make a quilt. The quilt would be presented to a man who had dedicated much of his life to this organization and would soon be retiring.
They give everyone fabric paints in bright, beautiful colors and asked the kids to paint something that would make the quilt beautiful. As I looked around at all the squares, I saw pink hearts and bright blue clouds, beautiful orange sunrises and green and purple flowers. The pictures were all bright, positive and uplifting. All except for one.
The boy sitting next to me was painting a heart, but it was dark, empty, lifeless. It lacked the bright, vibrant colors that his fellow artists had used.
At first I thought maybe he took the only paint that was left and it just happened to be dark. But when I asked him about it, he said his heart was that color because his own heart felt dark. I asked him why and he told me that he was very sick. Not only was he very sick, but his mom was very sick also. He said that his sickness was not ever going to get better and neither was his mom’s He looked straight into my eyes and said, “There is nothing anyone can do that will help.”
I told him I was sorry that he was sick and I could certainly understand why he had made his heart a dark color. But…I told him that it isn’t true that there is nothing anyone can do to help. Other people may not be able to make him or his mom better…but we can do things like giving bear hugs, which in my experience can really help when you are feeling sad. I told him that if he would like, I would be happy to give him one so he could see what I meant. He instantly crawled into my lap and I thought my own heart would burst with the love I felt for this sweet little boy.
He sat there for a long time and when he had had enough, he jumped down to finish his coloring. I asked him if he felt any better and he said that he did, but he was still sick and nothing would change that. I told him I understood. I walked away feeling sad, but recommitted to this cause. I would do whatever I could to help.
As the day was coming to an end and I was getting ready to head home, I felt a tug on my jacket. I turned around and standing there with a smile on his face was the little boy. He said, “My heart is changing colors. It is getting brighter… I think those bear hugs really do work.”
On my way home I felt my own heart and realized it, too, had changed to a bright color. Meanwhile, I remembered Emerson’s words, “The greatest gift is a portion of th考试科目： 英语专业综合知识
适用专业： 英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学
研究方向： 英美文学、美国文化研究、加拿大文化研究、欧洲文化研究、现代英语及语言理论、英语翻译理论与实践、现代外语教育及教育技术
（注意：答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试题上不给分）
Part One European and American Cultures (50 points)
Explain any THREE out of the following five terms IN ABOUT 50 WORDS each: (15 points)
1. William the Conqueror
2. Homer
3. The War of Roses
4. Martin Luther
5. The melting pot
Fill in the blanks in the following to complete the idea: (10 points)
1. The full name of the United Kingdom is _____________________ .
2. Thanksgiving Day falls on _______, on which Americans give thanks for _ _.
The supreme law-making authority in Britain is ________ _____; the executive government is ___________.
4. The “Age of Drama” in ancient Greece is said to be represented by three dramatic poets, they are__________________, ____________________, and ___________________.
5. The Bible is a collection of religious writings comprising two parts: the __________________ and the__________________.
6. The word “Renaissance” means _______________, it generally refers to the period in Western civilization between the ____________ and mid _______________century.
7. In the early 1930s, ___________________ brought poverty and humiliation to millions of people in the United States and Europe.
8. The American War of Independence began in _____________ and ended in _________.
9. The United States government form is based on the three main principles: Federalism, ___________________________________and ________________________________.
10. Henrik Ibsen was born in ________________, as the Father of Modern Drama he was famous for his “ __________ plays.”
III. Answer the following questions IN ABOUT 150 ENGLISH WORDS each: (25 points)
1. Americans have usually believed that government should play a limited role in society. What are some of the reasons for this belief? (8 points)
What are the main elements of humanism? How are these elements reflected in art
and literature during the Italian Renaissance? (9 points)
3. Why was the sixteenth century so important to English history? (8 points)
Part II British and American Literature (50 points)
I. Explain any THREE of the following five terms IN ABOUT 50 ENGLISH WORDS each: (15 points)
1. Geoffrey Chaucer
2. The Romantic Period in English literature
3. Henry James
4. American naturalism
5. Washington Irving
II. Multiple Choice: ( 15 points )
Select from the four choices of each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statement. Write down your answer on the answer sheet.
1. Which of the following is NOT directly related to Humanism during the Renaissance period?
[A] to emphasize the dignity of human beings and the importance of the present life.
[B] to regard human beings as creatures capable of development in the direction of perfection.
[C] to prepare people’s souls for a future life in heaven.
[D] to restore a medieval reverence for the ancient Greek and Roman authors.
2. Beowulf, a typical example of __________, is regarded today as the national epic of the Anglo-Saxons.
[A] modern drama [B] medieval drama
[C] modern poetry [D] Old English poetry
3. John Milton wrote all the following works EXCEPT______.
[A] Samson Agonistes [B] Paradise Regained
[C] Lycidas [D] The Pilgrim’s Progress
4. The following statements about the Victorian age are all true EXCEPT_________.
[A] New inventions and discoveries in geology, astronomy, biology and anthropology shook people’s religious convictions.
[B] England became the workshop of the world as well as its financial and political center.
[C] During this period, Britain’s colonial territory became smaller and smaller.
[D] The Victorian age witnessed the rise of novels as a dominant literary genre.
5. Which of the following is NOT a typical feature of Modernism?
[A] The modernist writers find in symbol a means to express their inexpressible selves.
[B] Its major concern is the external, objective, material world.
[C] In modernist writings, the past, the present and the future are mingled together and exist at the same time in the consciousness of an individual.
[D] It advocates a free experimentation in new forms and new techniques in literary creation.
6. Which one of the following writers belongs to the Theatre of the Absurd?
[A] Samuel Beckett [B] T. S. Eliot
[C] John Osborne [D] W. H. Auden
7. Many American romantic writings in the 19th century have the following features EXCEPT ______.
[A] a new emphasis upon the imaginative and emotional qualities of literature
[B] a strong tendency to exalt the individual
[C] a lack of interest in external nature
[D] the use of the more colorful aspects of the past
8. _______ is the author of “Song of Myself”.
[A] Henry Thoreau [B] Washington Irving
[C] Walt Whitman [D] Emily Dickinson
8. Which ONE of the following is a typical feature of the literary scene of the Realistic Period in the American literary history?
[A] The Americans began to be interested in the sentimental feelings of Romanticism
[B] A new generation of writers aimed at the interpretation of the actualities of any aspect of life
[C] Most writers stick to the Gothic tradition
[D] Writers who described the Indians of the Far West began to gain the favor of the reading public.
9. _________ is the leading spokesman of transcendentalism in the history of American literature.
[A] Nathaniel Hawthorn [B] Edgar Allan Poe
[C] Ralph Emerson [D] Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
10. Which ONE of the following is not a naturalistic writer?
[A] Stephen Crane [B] William Dean Howells
[C] Frank Norris [D] Theodore Dreiser
II. Answer the following questions IN ABOUT 150 ENGLISH WORDS each: (20 points)
Please tell things you know about Shakespeare’s great tragedy Hamlet.
Please make a statement about the contributions of Mark Twain to American literature.
Part III Linguistics (50 points)
I. State, in ONE SENTENCE for each item, what you understand about the following terms: (10 points)
1. displacement as a design feature of language
2. the informative function of language
3. language competence
4. oral stop
5. voiceless sound
II. Use the tree diagram to illustrate the relationship among the following terms: (10 points)
morpheme affix root free root bound root inflectional affix derivational affix prefix suffix
III. Complete the words with suitable negative prefixes: (10 points)
tangible usual logical thinkable sensible removable mobile legal rational human
IV. Answer the following questions IN ABOUT 150 ENGLISH WORDS each: (10 points)
What is the difference between morpheme and word?
Can you list with examples some basic word formation processes?
V. Use IC analysis to explain the following expressions: (10 points)
They can fish here.
a fat mayor’s wife
more expensive clothes
yself |
收藏
点赞!
反对!