这是3天的，因为置顶的帖子太多了，所以一下发了3天的 ，让大家久等了，不好意思啦，大家要仔细的翻译哦，那样才能有进步，有些翻译是错误的，还请大家多讨论
Experiments on animals rose to 3.2m last year
英去年动物试验次数激增
[1]More than 3.2 million experiments on animals, including dogs, cats and monkeys, were carried out in UK last year – the highest total since the early 1990s.
[1]去年英国在包括狗、猫和猴子在内的动物身上实施了320万次试验，是自从上个世纪90年代初以来最多的年头。
[2]Government figures showed it had presided over a steady rise in the number of animals used for research in the past 11 years, Ministers insisted the experiments were tightly controlled and essential for medical research but anti-vivisection groups accused the Government of reneging on promises to look for alternatives.
[2]数据表明，英国用于研究的动物数量过去11年里稳步上升。政府部门坚持认为，这些实验受到严格控制，并且都是出于医疗研究需要而进行的。但反对活体解剖的组织指责政府出尔反尔，没有履行寻找替代品的承诺。
[3]The number of experiments went up by 190,000 to 3,202,000 last year, a rise of 6 per cent. The main reason for the rise was the growing practice of breeding genetically modified mice and fish for tests in which disease-causing genes are inserted or removed. About 1.15 million such procedures took place last year, an increase of 114,000. The Home Office also recorded the use of monkeys on almost 4,000 occasions but the number of tests was down by 6 per cent.
[3]去年，动物实验上升了19万次，增长的主要原因是用于实验的转基因老鼠和鱼类的培育数量增加，这些动物的身上被植入或去除了造成疾病的基因。去年这类实验进行了大约115万次，增加了11.4万次。应国内政部还使用猴子近4000次，但猴子试验数量下降了6%。
[4]Meg Hillier, a Home Office minister, said: "Advances with non-animal test methods continue to be made but at present licensed animal use remains essential to develop improved healthcare technologies."
[4]内真部官员梅格希利尔说：“非动物实验方式继续取得进展，但目前，获得许可的动物实验任然是提高医疗保健技术的必要手段。”
Commercially bred bees spread disease to wild bees
专家揭开北美洲蜜蜂减少之谜
Tue Jul 22, 2008 8:01pm EDT
By Will Dunham
[1]Disease spread to wild bees from commercially bred bees used for pollination in agriculture greenhouses may be playing a role in the mysterious decline in North American bee populations, researchers said on Tuesday.
[1]研究人员周二宣布，用于给农业温室授粉的商业养殖的蜜蜂将疾病传染给野蜂可能是北美洲蜜蜂数量神秘减少的原因之一。
[2]Canadian researchers studied another type of bee, the bumblebee, near two large greenhouse operations in southern Ontario where commercially reared pollination bees are used in the growing of crops such as tomatoes, bell peppers and cucumbers.
[2]加拿大研究人员对安大略省南部的两个大型温室附近的大黄蜂进行了研究。温室里饲养着蜜蜂，用于给番茄、青椒和黄瓜等作物授粉。
[3]The researchers first observed that the commercial bumblebees regularly flew in and out of vents in the sides of the greenhouses, escaping from the facilities.
[3]研究人员首先观察到商业养殖的蜜蜂有规律地从温室的侧面飞进飞出，有一些从温室中逃逸。
[4]The researchers then devised a mathematical model to predict how disease might spread from this "spillover" of runaway commercial bees to their wild cousins.
[4]研究人员然后设计了一个数学模型来预测疾病如何由逃逸的商业养殖的蜜蜂“溢出”，从而使它们的野生同类受感染。
[5]The model predicted a relatively slow build-up of infection in nearby wild bumblebee populations over weeks or months culminating in a burst of transmission generating an epidemic wave that could affect nearly all of wild bees exposed.
[5]该模型预测，对附近野生大黄蜂的传染经过数周或数月的慢慢积累之后达到高峰，形成规模的疾病传浪潮，能够感染几乎所有野外的蜂群。
[6]The model also predicted a drop-off in infection rates as you get further from the greenhouses.
[6]该模型还预测，与问世距离越远，传染率越低。
[7]Most of the parasites in the wild bumblebees were found to be at normal levels except for one intestinal parasite known as Crithidia bombi that is common in commercial bee colonies but typically absent in wild bumblebees.
[7]研究发现，野生大黄蜂身上的大多数寄生虫都处于正常水平，而一种叫做熊蜂短膜的肠道寄生虫除外，这种寄生虫在商业养殖的蜂群中很常见，但是在野生大黄蜂中很少见。
[8]The researchers found that up to half of wild bumblebees near the greenhouses were infected with this parasite.
[8]研究人员发现，温室附近的野生大黄蜂中感染这种寄生虫的多达一半。
[9]"All of the different species of bumblebees that we sampled around greenhouses showed the same pattern: really high levels of infection near greenhouses and then declining levels of infection as you moved out," said Michael Otterstatter of the University of Toronto, one of the researchers.
[9]多伦多大学的迈克尔奥特施泰特说：“我们对温室附近所有种类的大黄蜂进行了抽样试验，结果显示出同样的模式：温室附近的蜂群感染率很高，而距温室越远，感染率越低。”
[10]"It was quite obvious that this was coming from the greenhouses and it was a general adverse effect on the bumblebees," Otterstatter added in a telephone interview.He said the parasite weakens and often kills bees. The "spillover" of disease from commercial colonies may be a factor in the decline of bee populations in North America, he added.
[10]奥特施泰特在一次电话采访中还说：“很显然，疾病来自于温室，而且这种感染对大黄蜂来说是普遍有害的。”他说，这种寄生虫会使蜜蜂虚弱，并经常导致它们死亡。疾病从商业养殖的蜜蜂“溢出”可能是北美洲蜜蜂数量减少的一个因素。
Japanese workers more unhappy, government report says
日本人对工作满意度下降
[1]Japanese are becoming more unhappy at work, the government said in a report on Tuesday, highlighting complaints over pay, lack of vacations and a decline in morale.
[1]日本政府周二发表的报告显示，日本人对工作越来越不满意，他们抱怨薪水低、假期少。
[2]Long known for being workaholics willing to sacrifice their personal lives for the company, Japanese workers, especially younger ones, are now placing more priority on time with their families and financial rewards.
[2]日本职员，尤其是年轻职员长期以来以工作积极、愿意为公司牺牲个人生活而闻名，但现在他们更注重与家人在一起的时间和报酬。
[3]The percentage of workers satisfied with the pace of their pay increases fell to 6.2 percent in 2005 from 15.7 percent in 1990, the government's labor white paper said. Those happy with their ability to take vacations was down to 18.3 percent in 2005 from 22.4 percent in 1990, a sign of the difficulties workers have in taking their full holiday entitlement as they face heavy workloads and pressure from bosses.
[3]日本政府的劳动力白皮书说，对薪水增长速度满意职员比例从１９９０年的１５．７％降至２００５年的６．２％。对休假情况满意者的比例从１９９０年的２２．４％降至２００５年的１８．３％，一个标志是当面对繁重的工作以及来自上司的压力时，工人很难完全享有他们的休假权利。
[4]The findings are a reminder of the challenges companies face in hiring new talent as Japan's population ages and its work force shrinks, economists said. Young workers have in recent years favored carefree lifestyles, hopping from one part-time job to another, or quitting full-time jobs after just a few years, Tsuiki said.
[4]经济学家说，这些情况表明，由于日本人口老龄化和劳动力减少，日本公司雇用新人才面临挑战。三菱经济研究所的经济学家小织立说，近年来，年轻职员喜欢无忧无虑的生活方式，希望从一个兼职换到另一个兼职，或者过几年就辞掉一个全职工作。
[5]Analysts have said the trend bodes ill for Japan's labor market in the long term because it would lead to a shortage of skilled workers. Retaining older staff has also been a challenge for companies trying to avert a labor crunch.
[5]分析人士认为，从长远看，这一趋势对日本的劳动力市场是不详之兆，因为这会造成熟练工人的短缺。留住老职员对试图避免劳动力危机的公司来说也是个挑战。
[ 本帖最后由 princewang 于 2008-11-13 09:03 编辑 ] |
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