expedition
| 词义 | ① an organized journey with a particular purpose, esp. to find out about a place not well known远征，探险，考察
② the people going on an expedition考察队，探险队
③ a short trip for sth you need or want (短途)出行 |
pedestrian | 词义 | ① a person walking in the street行人，步行者
②［只用于名词前］ used by or connected with pedestrians行人（使用）的
③ without any imagination or excitement缺乏想象的，乏味的 |
|
compel | 词义 | ① to force sb to do sth; to make sth necessary 强迫，迫使；使必须
② to produce a strong feeling or reaction 引起，激起 |
compulsory | 词义 | that must be done because of a law or a rule(因法律或规则而)必须做的，强制的，强迫的［反voluntary］ |
expel | 词义 | ① to officially make sb leave a school or an organization or a country把……开除，除名；驱逐出境；放逐 ［+sb/sth (from sth)］
② to force air or water out of a part of the body or from a container；shoot bullets 排出，喷出；发射（子弹等） |
impulse | 词义 | ① a sudden strong wish or need to do sth, without stopping to think about the result 冲动，一时的念头［+ (to do sth),on+］
②（电子学，物理学）动力，冲力，冲量
③
sth that causes sb/sth to do sth or to develop and make progress 推动力，刺激 |
例句 | It was not a matter of choice for the traveler or merely a charitable impulse on the part of the settlers. 对旅行者来说，这不是一个选择的问题；而对当地居民来说也，这也并非是行善的一时冲动。(1997 阅读Text 2) |
propel | 词义 | to move, drive or push sth or cause to move forward or in a particular direction, situation 推动，驱动，迫使 |
pulse
| 词义 | ①脉搏；脉率;(机器产生的光、声音、电的)脉冲;强劲的音乐节拍［近tempo］
② to move, beat or flow with strong regular movements or sounds 搏动，跳动，震动
③ to be full of a feeling such as excitement or energy 洋溢着，充满（激情等） ［+with sth］ |
repel | 词义 | ① to successfully fight sb who is attacking you, your country, etc and drive them away or to drive sth away 击退，驱逐；驱除，赶走
② to refuse to accept (sb/sth) 拒绝（某人/某事物）
③ to cause a feeling of distaste or disgust in (sb/sth) 使厌恶或反感
④ 排斥，相斥 ［反attract］ |
|
pen | 词义 | ① 笔，钢笔
② a small piece of land surrounded by a fence in which farm animals are kept 圈；畜栏
③ to write sth 写
④ to shut an animal or a person in a small space 把……关起来；把……圈起来［+sb/sth(in/up)］ |
penalty | 词义 | ①a punishment for breaking a law, rule or contract 处罚，惩罚［+for sth］
②a disadvantage suffered as a result of sth 害处，不利［+of sth］ |
例句 | The current state of affairs may have been encouraged—though not justified—by the lack of legal penalty (in America, but not Europe) for data leakage. 美国（而不是欧洲）缺乏对数据泄露的法律制裁虽然并不能说明目前事态是合理的，但却可能助长了其形成。（2007 阅读Text 4） |
punish | 词义 | ① hurt, imprison, fine, etc sb for wrongdoing处罚或惩罚某人 ［+sb (for sth) (by/with sth)］
② treat sb roughly, esp. by giving hard blows 粗暴地对待（某人）,（尤指）痛打 |
|
compensate | 词义 | ① to provide sth good to balance or reduce the bad effects of damage, loss, etc 补偿，弥补 ［+(for sth)］ ［近 make up for］
② to pay sb money because they have suffered some damage, loss, injury, etc 给（某人）赔偿（或赔款） ［+sb (for sth)］ |
例句 | Luckily, if the doormat or stove failed to warn of coming disaster, a successful lawsuit might compensate you for your troubles. 不过还算幸运的是，如果门垫或炉灶上没有警示语提醒你可能发生的危险，那么一场成功的诉讼或许可以赔偿你所受的伤害。（1999阅读Text 1） |
expenditure | 词义 | ① the total amount of money that a government, organization, or person spends during a particular period of time 花费，消费；费用，开支
② the action of spending or using time, money, energy etc（精力、时间、材料等的）耗费，消耗 |
|
independent | 词义 | ① 国家独立的，自主的［+(from/of sth)］
② done or given by sb who is not involved in a situation and so is able to judge it fairly 不相干的人所作的或提供的； 公正的，无偏见的
③ not connected with or influenced by sth; not connected with each other 不相关的；不受影响的 ［+(of sb/sth)］
④ supported by private money rather than government money 私营的
⑤ confident and free to do things without needing help from other people 自主的，有主见的［+(of sb/sth)］
⑥ not reliant on the financial support of others 自立的，自食其力的［+(of sb/sth)］
⑦ not representing or belonging to a particular political party 无党派的，独立的
⑧ 无党派议员或候选人等 |
例句 | He is that rare bird, a scientist who works independently of any institution. 他是这么一种特立独行的人：不隶属于任何机构的科学家。(2008知识运用) |
pendulum | 词义 | 钟摆 |
pension | 词义 | ① an amount of money paid regularly by a government or company to sb who is considered to be too old or too ill to work 养老金，退休金，抚恤金
② to allow or force sb to retire and to pay them a pension 准予退休，强迫退休（并发给退休金） ［+ sb off］ |
ponder | 词义 | to think about sth carefully for a period of time 沉思，考虑，琢磨 ［近 consider］ ［+about/on/over sth］ |
例句 | Intelligence seeks to grasp, manipulate, recorder, and adjust, while intellect examines, ponders, wonders, theorizes, criticizes, and imagines. 智力寻求的是理解、运用、整合和调节，而才智是审视、思考、怀疑、形成理论、批判和想象。（2004阅读 Text 4） |
suspend | 词义 | ① to hang sth from sth else 悬，挂，吊 ［+sth/sb (from sth) (by/on sth)］
② to officially stop sth or prevent sb from doing their job, going to school, etc for a time; to prevent sth from being active, used, etc for a time 暂停，中止；使暂时停职或停学［+sb (from sth)］；使暂停发挥作用 ［近defer, postpone］
③ to officially delay sth延缓，暂缓，推迟
④ to float in liquid or air without moving 悬浮 ［be suspended in sth] |
例句 | In dreams, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak. 在梦中，窗户通向的世界里，逻辑暂时失去了效用，死人开口说话。（2005 阅读Text 3） |
|
appetite | 词义 | ①［用单数］ physical desire for food食欲，胃口
② a strong desire for sth强烈欲望［+(for sth)］ |
impetus | 词义 | ①［单数］sth that encourages a process or activity to develop more quickly动力，促进［+(for sth)，+(to sth/to do sth)］ ［近stimulus］
② the force or energy with which sth moves动量，动力，惯性 |
petition | 词义 | ① to make formal request to sb in authority, esp. by sending a written document signed by a lot of people祈求，请求，请愿［+for/against sth, +sb (for sth), +sb (to do)］
② to formally ask for sth in a court of law（向法庭）请求，申请［+(sb) (for sth)］
③ a written document for petitioning请愿书［+against/for sth］； (法庭的)申诉书，申请书
④ a formal request to sb in authority(向统治者的)请求，(向上帝的)祈求，祈祷 |
