In this study, literature review will cover the background information of the research design such as the general concepts and themes of existing information with regard to the knowledge management implementing in SMEs and critically identified problems, such as gaps, inconsistencies, unsolved problems, or un-researched issues in adoption of knowledge management in SMEs, and previous approaches adapted to conduct data analysis will be included. In current knowledge-based society, the organizational environment is changing at a rapid pace. To promote innovation and to achieve competitiveness; information and knowledge are the keys.
Knowledge management (KM) is one of the most used and controversial concepts currently discussed in academia and the business world. Interest in KM stems from the realization that organizational knowledge is a strategic corporate asset that needs to be generated, stored, represented, transferred, applied and transformed to future organizational problems (Schulttze and Stabell, 2004). As in any global corporation, SMEs need up-to-date and appropriate knowledge in order to compete in the business world. They tend to be more susceptible to problems of knowledge retention and high staff turnover. Therefore, in the SMEs, this knowledge should be managed, disseminated and retained in a good manner.
Consequently, although KM processes are onerous in terms of both direct and indirect costs, the consequences for an SME of not maintaining those processes can potentially make the SME vulnerable to knowledge leakage and consequent losses in productivity, efficiency and competitiveness. Although there are some advantages and strength of KM as given above, the lack of adaptation of KM in SMEs means that they still do not fully understanding the advantages of adopting a KM strategy for innovative purposes and business growth.
Data were analyzed by using techniques of open, axial and theoretical coding, constant comparison. Data collection and analysis proceeded in tandem by using a cyclical process whereby analysis informed further data collection. Codes, themes and categories were developed. Emerging Through subsequent interviewing, theoretical hypotheses were repeatedly re-evaluated. During open coding, concepts were named and their dimensions and properties were identified. Axial coding was related categories to subcategories and was linked properties with dimensions. After initial hypotheses were formed, data were searched for disconfirming evidence falsifying initial hypotheses. Unusual cases (deviant/negative cases) were identified and early theoretical conclusions modified in the light of such evidence. Finally, concepts were integrated during theoretical coding.
5. Limitations
Some of the limitations can be foreseen are the availability and cost of interviews. Electronic interview, in particular the telephone interviews are extremely expensive and time-consuming, and there is a possibility that finings will not be covered every aspect of the topic that was intended. Although telephone interview would be very useful in this research to give an additional insight into the topic, the practicality of cost will be constraint which needs to plan carefully. The aim of research methods is a comprehensive collection of information and data regarding KM approach and KM practice, it will be better to assimilate as many literatures as possible to give intensive understanding on the subject. In the original design of this study, 16 interviewees include technique, maintenance, purchasing, customer service, IT, PMC and HR managers, and general manager managing director. But technique，maintenance，purchasing，customer service and employees in IT department were not involved in the actual participants. Tape record of the interview of general manager was lost.
6. Conclusion
This chapter discussed methodological approach used in this study. According to the analysis, qualitative study is quite suitable for the theme of this study. And the aims of this study were to investigate how knowledge is perceived, used and represented within a knowledge-intensive SME and to investigate understanding and perceptions of knowledge management (KM). E-mail and telephone are the two methods adapted to generate interviews with open questions. Data obtained in the interviews were analyzed by using techniques of open, axial and theoretical coding, constant comparison. |
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