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内容简介
目录
第一部分 名校考研真题
北京外国语大学2012年英语翻译基础考研真题及详解
北京航空航天大学2014年英语翻译基础考研真题及详解
对外经济贸易大学2014年英语翻译基础考研真题及详解
天津外国语大学2013年英语翻译基础真题及详解
武汉大学2013年英语翻译基础真题及详解
中山大学2012年英语翻译基础真题及详解
第二部分 章节题库
第1章 词语翻译
◆缩略语
◆专有名词
◆术 语
◆网络热词
第2章 英汉翻译
◆政治经济类
◆文化文学类
◆热点生活类
◆法律科普类
◆科技环保类
第3章 汉英翻译
◆政治经济类
◆文化文学类
◆热点生活类
◆法律科普类
◆科技环保类
第三部分 模拟试题
2016年英语翻译基础考研模拟试题及详解（一）
2016年英语翻译基础考研模拟试题及详解（二）
内容简介
为了帮助考生顺利通过考研专业课科目《357英语翻译基础》的考试，我们根据名校《357英语翻译基础》最新考试大纲和指定参考教材，精心制作了翻译硕士（MTI）357英语翻译基础考研题库。
本题库包括名校考研真题、章节题库和模拟试题三部分。
具体如下：
第一部分为名校考研真题。本书收录了北京外国语大学、中山大学等名校的6套考研真题，并由高分考生根据科目考试大纲、考研的参考教材和相关教师的授课讲义等对历年真题进行了详细解答，解题思路清晰、答案翔实，突出难度分析。
第二部分为章节题库。遵循最新考试大纲的考试内容和要求，在参考众多相关考试用书、国内外权威杂志以及优秀论文等大量素材的基础上，按照357英语翻译基础最常见的题型结构设置章节，共分为词语翻译、英汉翻译和汉英翻译3章。
第三部分为模拟试题。根据名校历年考研真题的命题规律及热门考点进行考前预测，仿真名校历年考研真题的难度和风格。通过模拟试题的练习，学员既可以用来检测学习的效果，又可以用来评估自己的应试能力。
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第一部分 名校考研真题
北京外国语大学2012年英语翻译基础考研真题及详解
I. Translate the following terms into Chinese. (15 points, 1point each)
1.TPP
2. Bretton Woods system
3.magnetic resonance imaging
4.Fukushima
5.carbon credit
6.credit rating
7.consulate-general
8.SDR (Special Drawing Rights)
9.anti-monopoly legislation
10.incubation period
11.total fertility rate
12.fuel cell
13.soil alkalization
14.Memorandum of Understanding
15.offshore oil drilling
Ⅱ. Translate the following terms into English. (15 points, 1point each)
1．辛亥革命
2．创业板市场
3．幸福指数
4．蚁族
5．择校费
6．主权债务危机
7．海峡交流基金会
8．京沪高铁
9．限购令
10．经济适用房
11．平板电脑
12．权利下放
13．保值储蓄
14．挖墙脚
15．贪多嚼不烂
Ⅲ.Translate the following passages into Chinese. (60 points)
1. TheCenter, for the Implementation of Public Policies Promoting Equity and Growth(CIPPEC) is a leading think tank in Argentina. It is aprivate, non-profit organization that strives to create a more just, democraticand efficient public sector in Argentina, and is devoted to the study of theeducation, health, fiscal, political, judicial and public management systems,in order to determine needs, opportunities, and obstacles for theimplementation of effective public policies.
The think tank elaborates and disseminates technicalinformation about the functioning of Argentine institutions to promote theaccountability of public officials. CIPPEC also provides technical assistanceto provincial governments and municipalities, and maintains regional networksworking on topics such as parliamentary transparency, democratic institutions,regional integration, etc. Its current projects consist of two training courseson quantitative methods to analyze international trade and financial tools forSMEs as well as a joint study on a comprehensive monitoring and evaluationsystem for the agency. (155 words)
2. The hugeearthquake that hit off the coast of northeastern Miyagi prefecture earlierthis year was a harsh reminder of the more elemental dangers that can threateneconomic activity on the crowded and seismically vulnerable Japanesearchipelago. Weighing the full implications of the natural disaster will taketime. Yet the earthquake at the very least throws a huge question mark over aneconomic recovery that economists had hoped would gather steam in 2011 afterstalling in the last three months of 2010. Although the areas worst hit are farless economically significant than the coastal industry zones, which sufferedwidespread stoppages after the 1995 Kobe earthquake, the disaster couldheighten recent uncertainty among consumers and investors about the prospectsfor Japan’s continued recovery from its worst postwar recession.
Learning from thelessons of the devastating disaster in 1995, the government and insurancecompanies have been actively encouraging even smaller companies to draw updetailed “business continuity plans” intended to minimize losses and aid quickrecoveries. In the longer term, the earthquake is certain to force heavyspending on construction and public works in the affected region. Theterrifying footage of tsunami carrying away whole buildings makes it clear thatdealing with the damage will require huge effort and heavy investment. (212words)
IV. Translate the following passages into English. (60 points)
1． 在人类历史的长河中，美术不仅给人民大众带来了美的享受，更是记载着一个国家、一个民族生生不息、延绵不绝的历史。
我国的艺术市场要在国际市场中占有一席之地，首先要有高质量的产品，其次要有良好的信誉，第三要有善于营销的经营主体和人才。中国有着五千年的深厚文化底蕴，有着数百万计的艺术家队伍，有着旺盛的艺术创造力，也有着让世人瞩目的许许多多的艺术奇珍。但是多年来，由于我们缺乏国际市场运作经验，缺少高素质的艺术经纪人队伍，因此，中国艺术家的优秀作品在国际市场上还没有实现艺术价值和商品价格的统一。
随着国际交流活动日益增多，我们要抓住当前的大好机遇，努力打造一个讲诚信、重艺术的中国品牌，共同迎接艺术产业活跃繁荣的春天。(304字)
2．近年来，中国政府采取了一系列促进经济增长、改善民生的政策措施。
我们千方百计促进就业，实行更加积极的就业政策，把促进高校毕业生就业放在突出位置，广开农民工就业门路和稳定现有就业岗位；帮助城镇就业困难人员、零就业家庭和灾区劳动力就业；大力支持自主创业、自谋职业，促进以创业带动就业；进一步改善针对就业的公共服务。
我们正式全面启动深化医疗卫生体制改革，包括加快推进基本医疗保障制度建设，建立国家基本药物制度，健全基层医疗卫生服务体系，促进基本公共卫生服务逐步均等化，争取2020年实现人人享有基本医疗卫生服务的目标。(252字)
参考答案及解析
I. Translate the following terms into Chinese.
1. 跨太平洋伙伴关系协议（全称：Trans-PacificPartnership Agreement）
2．布雷顿森林体系
3．磁共振成像
4．福岛
5．碳信用额
6．信用评级
7．总领事馆
8．特别提款权
9．反垄断立法
10．潜伏期
11．总生育率
12．燃料电池
13．土壤盐碱化
14．谅解备忘录
15．海洋石油勘探
Ⅱ.Translate the following terms into English.
1.the Revolution of 1911
2.Growth Enterprise Market/GEM
3.Happiness Index
4. AntTribe
5.school-choosing/school selection fee
6sovereign debt crisis
7.Straits Exchange Foundation
8.Beijing-Shanghai High-speed Railway
9.property-purchasing limitations
10.Residence houses for low-and-medium wage earners
11. tabletcomputer
12.Decentralization of Power
13.inflation-proof bank savings
14.undermine the foundation of sth.; cut the ground from under sb’s feet
15. biteoff more than one can chew
Ⅲ.Translate the following passages into Chinese.
1． 平等和增长公共政策中心（CIPPEC）是阿根廷的一家重要智库。该中心是一家私人的非营利性组织，致力于在阿根廷创建一个更公正、民主和高效的公共部门。同时，它也专注于研究教育、卫生、财政、政治、司法和公共管理系统，以便为有效公共政策的实施确定需求、机会和障碍。
智库详细阐述并广泛传播阿根廷相关机构运行的技术信息资料，以促进公职人员履行责任。CIPPEC还为省级政府和市政当局提供技术援助，并保证区域网络致力于以下工作议题，如议会透明度、民主制度、区域一体化等。它当前的项目包括两个培训课程：用定量方法为中小企业分析国际贸易和金融工具，以及为该机构联合研究一个全面监测和评价系统。
2． 今年年初，一场强地震重创了日本东北部宫城地区海岸。这个触目惊心的事件提醒人们，还有一些更为基本的风险可能会威胁到人口稠密、易受地震冲击的日本列岛上的经济活动。衡量自然灾害的全面影响需要时间。不过，这场地震至少给日本经济复苏划上了一个巨大的问号——经济学家们原本期望，在2010年后三个季度陷入停滞后，2011年经济会迅猛发展。虽然受灾最重地区在经济上的重要性远不及关西地区的沿海工业区——在1995年神户地震之后，该地区经济遭受了大范围中断，但是这场灾难可能会加深消费者和投资者对日本经济能否持续保持从战后严重衰退中复苏的不确定性。
吸取了1995年那场毁灭性灾难的教训，日本政府和保险公司在积极鼓励各家企业（哪怕是一些小企业）拟定详细的“商业应急方案”，旨在尽最大可能降低损失，并帮助它们迅速恢复。长期而言，这场地震势必会促使受灾地区在建筑和公共建设工程方面大举投入。那些海啸卷走整座建筑物的恐怖画面表明，应对损害将需要巨大的努力和高额投资。
IV. Translate the following passages into English.
1. In the long riverof human history, art not only brings people a sense of enjoyment, but alsorecord the everlastingvitality and continuous succession of the history of a country and a nation.
To make our art market take aplace in the international market, we must firstly ensure high quality productsand then hold a good reputation; thirdly, there have to be operators andtalents excellent in marketing. China, anancient country of profound cultural deposits for more than 5000 years,possesses a team of millions of artists with vigorous creativity and a greatmany amazing well-known art But for many years, dueto the lack of international market operational experience and high quality art brokers, Chinese artists’ outstanding works have not realized the unity of artisticvalue and commodity price in the international market.
With the increasinginternational communication activities, we must seize the greatopportunity and strive to build a Chinese brandemphasizing honesty and art, and thengreet the flourishing and prosperous spring of artindustry.
2. In recent years,the Chinese government has taken a series of policies andmeasures to stimulate economic growth andimprove people’s livelihoods.
We will make everyeffort to stimulate employment and implement a more proactive employmentpolicy, giving high priorityto facilitating the employment of university graduates. We will expandemployment opportunities for rural migrant workers in cities while stabilizetheir existing jobs. We will help urban residents experiencing difficultyfinding work, members of zero-employment households and workers indisaster-stricken areas find jobs. We will vigorously support individuals instarting their own businesses or finding jobs on their own, thus expandingemployment by creating new businesses. We will further improve public servicesfor employment.
We will officially launch thecomprehensive and deepening reform of the medical and healthcare system, includingdeveloping a system that ensures basic medical care, establishing a nationalsystem for basic drugs and improving community-level medical and health servicesystem, steadily promoting equal access for all to basic public healthservices, in the hope of achieving the goal that all residents in urban andrural areas will have access to basic medical care and health services by 2020.
北京航空航天大学2014年英语翻译基础考研真题及详解
第一部分：将下列术语翻译成中文（本题共15分，每一题1分）。
1.appeal-focused text
2.class shift
3.commission
4.transeme
5.restricted translation
6.low countries group
7.minimax principle
8.translation universals
9.verbal consistence
10.concordance
11.calque
12.controlled language
13.prototype
14.modification
15.covert translation
第二部分：将下列术语翻译成英文（本题共15分，每一题1分）。
1．自动翻译
2．中枢语言
3．连贯
4．子语言
5．可修正性
6．形式对应
7．地道翻译
8．规范
9．语料库
10．异国情调
11．重写
12．法庭传译
13．巴别塔
14．内罗毕宣言
15．释译
第三部分：英译汉（本题共60分，第一段25分，第2段15分，第三段20分）。
1
“War is a merecontinuation of politics by other means,” Prussian theorist Karl Von Clausewitzwrote. Today, banking—broadly defined as lending and borrowing money through institutionsand bond markets—is a continuation of politics, or war, by other means. Inthe 20th century, Germany wielded power over European neighbors through brutemilitary force. In the 21st century, Germany, abetted by France, uses itsinfluence with the European Central Bank and the European Union to dictateterms to Greece and other weak nations. And the effort to halt Iran's march tonuclear prominence relies as much on the international banking system'swillingness and ability to enforce financial sanctions as it does on the threatof bombs.
2
Its foreign policy isbecoming not so much Islamic as Ottoman, reestablishing a sphere of influenceit had for 400 years. Abdullah Güil, Turkey's sophisticated president explainsthat while Turkey remains resolutely a part of the West, it is increasinglyinfluential in the Middle East, Central Asia, and beyond. “Turkey is becoming asource of inspiration for other countries in the region,” he said to me whilein New York last week.
3
It is impossible toemphasize too strongly the necessity for forming correct habits in flying straightand level. All other flight maneuvers are in essence a deviation from thisfundamental flight maneuver. Many flight instructors and students are prone tobelieve that perfection in straight-and-level flight will come of itself, butsuch is not the case. It is not uncommon to find a pilot whose basic flyingability consistently falls just short of minimum expected standards, and uponanalyzing the reasons for the shortcomings to discover that the cause is theinability to fly straight and level properly. Straight-and-level flight isflight in which a constant heading and altitude are maintained. It isaccomplished by making immediate and measured corrections for deviations indirection and altitude from unintentional slight turns, descents, and climbs.
第四部分：汉译英（本题共60分，每段20分）。
1
中国载人航天工程新闻发言人武平表示，载人航天工程实施以来，中国先后与世界上多个国家、地区和国际组织开展了广泛的合作与交流，在航天医学、空间科学实验、航天员选拔训练等领域均开展过务实合作。她说，中国愿与各国一起，共同推动世界载人航天技术发展，为和平利用太空、造福全人类做出更加积极的贡献。
2
随着《致青春》票房告捷，人们再次怀念起青春——那个载满激情与痛苦，希望与心碎交织的年代。人们之所以对青春情有独钟，是因为它难以捉摸，直到逝去之后才看清它的真面目。大家普遍认为，我们的选择成就了现在的我们。一个人选此非彼，人们总是认为“总会有更好的道路”。所以他们回首过去，微笑着叹息。
3
中国时髦热词“tuhao”（土豪）明年有望被收入《牛津英语词典》。在中文中，“土”意为粗野，“豪”意为富有，习惯上常用来指那些在中国农村权势欺人的人。近年来，动漫作品和游戏玩家借用该词来形容那些大手大脚、挥霍钱财的人。现在网络社区也常用该词来指那些财大气粗却缺乏相应品味的人。
参考答案及解析
第一部分：将下列术语翻译成中文
1 .呼吁性文本
2．词性变换；词类转换
3．委员会；佣金
4．译素
5．有限翻译
6．低地国家学派
7．极大极小原理
8．翻译共性
9．字面一致；言语一致；口头一致
10．重要语汇索引
11．语义转借；译借
12．受控语言
13．原型
14．【语音学】变形，变异；【语法学】修饰，限定
15．隐性翻译
第二部分：将下列术语翻译成英文
1.automatic translation
2. pivotlanguage
3.coherence
4.sub-language
5.revisability
6. formalcorrespondence
7.idiomatic translation；native translation
8.norm；criterion
9.corpus
10.exoticism
11.rewrite
12. courtinterpretation；court interpreting
13.Babel
14. NairobiDeclaration
15. explanatorytranslation；interpretative translation
第三部分：英译汉
1． “战争不过是政治的另一种形式的延续。”普鲁士理论家卡尔·冯·克劳塞维茨（Karl Von Clausewitz）曾写道。如今，银行业（人们普遍定义为通过社会机构和债券市场实现资金的借入与借出）也是政治抑或战争的另一种形式的延续。20世纪，德国以残暴的武力对其欧洲邻国横施淫威。21世纪，在法国的教唆下，德国又利用其在欧洲中央银行和欧盟的影响力向希腊及其它弱国发号施令。遏制伊朗核计划进程的努力既取决于爆炸的威胁程度，同时很大程度上也取决于国际银行体系实施金融制裁的意愿及能力。
2． 土耳其的外交政策正逐渐变得不太像是尊奉伊斯兰教的基调而更像是奥斯曼帝国下的政策，它正在重建其曾持续四百年的势力范围。精于世故的土耳其总统阿卜杜拉·居尔（Abdullah Güil）解释道，土耳其将坚定地作为西方世界的一部分，并且在中东、中亚甚至更广的范围里，土耳其的影响力都在逐渐攀升。上周，我们在纽约见面时他还说，“土耳其正成为该区域内其他国家灵感的源泉。”
3． 怎么强调在平直飞行中养成正确习惯的必要性都不为过。所有其它的飞行演习基本上都偏离了这一基本的飞行动作。很多飞行教官和学生倾向于相信完美的平直飞行是水到渠成的事，但事实并非如此。我们常见到这样的例子；当一个飞行员的基本飞行能力持续下降，达不到最低的预期标准时，经过分析发现原因其实是不能正确地进行平直飞行。平直飞行要求保持以恒定的航向和高度飞行。它是通过对非预期情况下微小转向、下降或爬升所造成的航向和高度上的偏差进行即时而准确的修正来完成的。
第四部分：汉译英
1. After its manned space program waslaunched, China has successively conducted extensive cooperation and exchangeswith various countries, regions and international organizations worldwide.China and its partners have carried out practical cooperation in all the fieldsof space medicine, space science experiments and the selection and training ofastronauts, said Wu Ping, spokeswoman for China’s manned space program. She alsosaid that China is willing to work jointly with other countries to promote thedevelopment of the world’s manned space technology, in order to make morepositive contributions to the peaceful use of outer space and the well-being ofthe whole mankind.
2. With the success in boxoffice of the movie “So Young”, people are once again turning their nostalgiceyes on youth―an era of passion and pain, of hope and heartbreak. The reasonwhy many people have such a soft spot for youth is that its intangible naturecannot be truly grasped until it is lost. Most people generally agree that wehave chosen to become what we are today. One chooses one thing over another andthey always think “it could have been a better way”, so when they look back, theysigh smilingly.
3. China’s new buzzword,“tuhao”, will probably be compiled into TheOxford English Dictionary(OED) nextyear. In Chinese, “tu” means uncouth and “hao” means rich. Generally, the word “Tuhao”refers to rich people who throw their weight around in China’s rural areas. Inrecent years, people in the ACG (Animations, Comics and Games) circle borrowthe term to describe people who spend money in an irrational manner. Moreover, “Tuhao”is widely used by the online community to define those who possess a largeamount of material wealth but fall short of spiritual taste.
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