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内容简介
目录
第一部分 历年真题及详解[视频讲解]
2016年全国职称英语等级考试（卫生类A级）真题及详解
2015年全国职称英语等级考试（卫生类A级）真题及详解[视频讲解]
2014年全国职称英语等级考试（卫生类A级）真题及详解
2013年全国职称英语等级考试（卫生类A级）真题及详解
2012年全国职称英语等级考试（卫生类A级）真题及详解[视频讲解]
2011年全国职称英语等级考试（卫生类A级）真题及详解
2010年全国职称英语等级考试（卫生类A级）真题及详解
2009年全国职称英语等级考试（卫生类A级）真题及详解
2008年全国职称英语等级考试（卫生类A级）真题及详解
2007年全国职称英语等级考试（卫生类A级）真题及详解
2006年全国职称英语等级考试（卫生类A级）真题及详解
2005年全国职称英语等级考试（卫生类A级）真题及详解
第二部分 模拟试题及详解
全国职称英语等级考试（卫生类A级）模拟试题及详解（一）
全国职称英语等级考试（卫生类A级）模拟试题及详解（二）
全国职称英语等级考试（卫生类A级）模拟试题及详解（三）
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第一部分 历年真题及详解[视频讲解]
2016年全国职称英语等级考试（卫生类A级）真题及详解
第1部分：词汇选项（第1—15题，每题1分，共15分）
下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请为每处画线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1. She is an artist whose work will undoubtedly withstandthe test of time.
A. grade
B. attract
C. bear
D. suffer
【答案】C查看答案
【解析】句意：她是位艺术家，毫无疑问，她的作品将经受得住时间的考验。withstand抵挡，禁得起。bear忍受。两者意思相近，可相互替换。grade评分；分等级。attract吸引。suffer遭罪，受苦。因此，本题正确答案为C。
2. He wore a shabby thin overcoat in thecold winter so that he fell ill.
A. big
B. new
C. small
D. old
【答案】D查看答案
【解析】句意：寒冷的冬天里他穿着一件又旧又破的外套，导致他生病了。shabby破旧的，故老的。old老的，旧的。两者意思相近，可相互替换。big巨大的。new新的。small小的。因此，本题正确答案为D。
3. They have built canals to irrigate thedesert.
A. water
B. decorate
C. change
D. visit
【答案】A查看答案
【解析】句意：他们已经修建了可以灌溉荒漠的运河。irrigate灌溉，与water灌溉，浇水。两者意思相近，可相互替换。decorate装饰。change改变，变化。visit参观，访问。因此，本题正确答案为A。
4. We are worried about this fluidsituation full with uncertainty.
A. changeable
B. stable
C. suitable
D. adaptable
【答案】A查看答案
【解析】句意：我们很担心这个充满未知的动荡局势。fluid易变的，不固定的。changeable可变的，易变的。两者意思相近，可相互替换。stable稳定的,牢固的。suitable合适的。adaptable可适应的,适应性强的。因此，本题正确答案为A。
5. The way she looked after her young sister wasreally touching.
A. disturbing
B. connecting
C. waving
D. moving
【答案】D查看答案
【解析】句意：她照顾她妹妹的方式令人感动。touching令人同情的；感人的。moving令人感动。两者意思相近，可相互替换。disturbing令人烦扰的。connect连接。waving摇动的，波浪状的。因此，本题正确答案为D。
6. His answers were obscure andconfusing.
A. obvious
B. unclear
C. clear
D. direct
【答案】B查看答案
【解析】句意：他的回答晦涩难懂，令人难以理解。obscure晦涩的，不清楚的。unclear不清楚的。两者意思相近，可相互替换。obvious明显的。clear清晰的。direct直接的。因此，本题正确答案为B。
7. Some newspapers in the west are notablybiased.
A. wholly
B. totally
C. especially
D. fairly
【答案】C查看答案
【解析】句意：西部的一些报刊显著带有偏见。notably显著地；尤其。especially特别，尤其。两者意思相近，可相互替换。wholly完全地，全部。totally完全地，总共。fairly相当，公平地。因此，本题正确答案为C。
8. Only people over 18 are eligible tovote.
A. honest
B. enabled
C. clever
D. qualified
【答案】D查看答案
【解析】句意：只有年满18岁的人才有选举的资格。eligible符合条件的；有资格当选的。qualified有资格的。两者意思相近，可相互替换。honest诚实的，坦率的。enabled可行的。clever聪明的，机智的。因此，本题正确答案为D。
9. Competitors must abide by the judge’sdecision.
A. keep
B. read
C. understand
D. obey
【答案】D查看答案
【解析】句意：参赛者必须遵守裁判的决定。abide by遵守，服从。obey遵守，遵循。两者意思相近，可相互替换。keep保持；留下。read阅读。understand理解，知道。因此，本题正确答案为D。
10. The coastal area has very mildwinter, but the central plains remain extremely cold.
A. severe
B. hard
C. warm
D. dry
【答案】C查看答案
【解析】句意：沿海地区冬季温和,但中部平原地区冬季却十分寒冷。mild温和的。warn温暖的。两者意思相近，可相互替换。severe严峻的，严重的。hard困难的；坚硬的。dry干燥的。因此，本题正确答案为C。
11. The weather was so gorgeous that manypeople went outing.
A. pleasant
B. uncontrollable
C. cloudy
D. unbearable
【答案】A查看答案
【解析】句意：天气很好，所以很多人都外出郊游。gorgeous华丽的，灿烂的；极好的。pleasant令人愉快的，舒适的。两者意思相近，可相互替换。uncontrollable难以控制的。cloudy多云的。unbearable难以忍受的。因此，本题正确答案为A。
12. The umbrella was ingeniously devisedto fold up into the pocket.
A. seriously
B. cleverly
C. attentively
D. carefully
【答案】B查看答案
【解析】句意：雨伞设计巧妙，可以折叠后放人口袋里。ingeniously巧妙的，机灵的。cleverly巧妙的，聪明的。两者意思相近，可相互替换。seriously严重地，严肃地。attentively聚精会神地。 carefully认真地，小心翼翼地。因此，本题正确答案为B。
13. The latest car model embodies the newresearch development.
A. includes
B. lists
C. borrows
D. broadens
【答案】A查看答案
【解析】句意：最新的车型体现了新研究的发展。embody体现，使具体化，包含。include包含，包括。两者意思相近，可相互替换。list把……列入名单。borrow借。broaden扩宽,开阔。因此，本题正确答案为A。
14. The new garment fits her perfectly.
A. haircut
B. clothes
C. purse
D. necklace
【答案】B查看答案
【解析】句意：这身新衣服很适合她。garment衣服，服装。clothe衣服。两者意思相近，可相互替换。haircut理发，发型。purse女式钱包。necklace项链。因此，本题正确答案为B。
15.The details of the costume were totally authentic.
A. real
B. outstanding
C. creative
D. false
【答案】A查看答案
【解析】句意：道具服装的细节十分逼真。authentic真正的，真实的。与real真实的。意思相近，可相互替换。outstanding杰出的，突出的。creative富有创造力的。false错误的，假的。因此，本题正确答案为A。
第2部分：阅读判断（第16—22题。每题1分，共7分）
下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
Scientists Develop Ways of Detecting Heart Attack
German researchers have come up with a new generation of defibrillators（除颤器）and early-warning software aimed at offering heart patientsgreater protection from sudden death from cardiac arrest (心脏骤停).
In Germany alone around 100,000 people die annually as aresult of cardiac arrest and many of these cases are caused by disruption tothe heart’s rhythm. Those most at risk are patients who have already suffered aheart attack, and for years the use of defibrillators has proved useful indiagnosing life-threatening disruptions to heart rhythms and correcting them automaticallyby intervening within seconds. These devices take on a range of functions, suchas that of pacemaker.
Heart specialists at Freiburg’s University Clinic have nowachieved a breakthrough with an implanted defibrillator capable of generating asix-channel electrocardiogram （ECG） within the body.This integrated system allows early diagnosis of acute blood-flow problems anda pending （潜在的）heart attack. It will be implanted in patientsfor the first time this year. Meanwhile, researchers at the FraunhoferInstitute for Applied Mathematics in Kaiserslautem have developed a newcomputer software that renders the evaluation of ECG data more precise.
The overwhelming majority of patients at risk will not havean implanted defibrillator and must for this reason undergo regular ECGs. “Manyof the current programs only take into account a linear correlation of thedata. We are, however, making use of a non-linear process that reveals thechaotic patterns of heart beats as an open and complex system,” Hagen Knafsays. “In this way changes in the heart beats over time can be monitored andindividual variations in patients taken into account.” An old study of ECGdata, based upon600 patients who had suffered a subsequent heart attack,enabled the researchers to compare risks and to show that the new softwareevaluates the data considerably better.
16. A new type ofdefibrillators can be used to prevent cardiovascular diseases.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
17. Cardiac arrest iscaused mostly by disruption to the heart’s rhythm.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
18. Defibrillators areuseful in curing patients constantly under the threat of heart attack.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
19. The new computersoftware is designed by a German Company.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
20. The non-linearprocess has taken into account the individual variations in patients.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
21. The early-warningsoftware is unique in its data collection.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
22. The researchersproved the validity of the new software via ECG data of an old study.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
【答案与解析】
16. A 定位根据关键词a newtype of defibrillators和prevent cardiovascular diseases可定位至第一段。
点睛根据文章第一段，德国研究者们发明了新一代的除颤器和早期预警软件，旨在为心脏病帮人提供更多的保护，使他们免遭心脏骤停导致的突然死亡。由此可知，本题说法是正确的。因此，本题正确答案为A。
17. A 定位根据关键词由cardiacarrest和the heart's rhythm可定位至第二段第一句。
点睛该句提到“In Germany alone around100,000 people die annually as a result of cardiac arrest and many of these casesare caused by disruption to the heart’s rhythm(仅在德国每年就有大约10万人死于心脏骤停，其中大部分是由于心律中断导致的)”， 由此可知，本题说法是正确的。因此，本题正确答案为A。
18.В 定位根据关键词defibrillators are useful和thethreat of heart attack可定位至第二段第二句。
点睛该句提到“Those most at risk are patients who havealready suffered a heart attack, and for years the use of defibrilla-tors hasproved useful in diagnosing life（几年来除颤器被证实在诊断心律中断方面是有用的）”，文中说的是诊断和调整心率而非治疗，由此可知，本题说法是错误的。因此，本题正确答案为B。
19．В 定位根据关键词new computer software可定位至第三段第四句。
点睛该句提到“Meanwhile，researchers at the Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Mathematics inKaiserslautern have developed в new computer software（同时，凯瑟劳特的弗劳胡佛实用数学学院的研究者开发了一种新计算机软件）”，研究者开发了一种新计算机软件而非公司。由此可知，本题说法是错误的。因此，本题正确答案为B。
20.А 定位根据关键词a non - linear process和individualvariations in patients可定位至第四段第三句。
点睛该句提到“We are，however，making use of a non-linearprocess Hagen Knaf says. u In this way changes in the heart beats overtime can be monitored and individual variations in patients take into account（现在使用的是非线性处理方法，这样心脏跳动 频率的变化就会受到监控，而病人个人的特征也会得到考虑）”，由此可知，本题说法是正确的。因此，本题正确答案为A。
21.C 点睛本文并未提及“早期预警软件有着独特的数据收集方法”，因此，本题正确答案为C。
22.A 定位根据关键词ECG data of an old study可定位至第四段最后一句。
点睛该句提到“An old study of ECG data, based upon 600patients who had suffered a subsequent heart attack, enabled the researchers tocompare risks and to show that the new software evaluates the data considerablybetter（过去一项基于600位连续犯心脏病的患者的研究让研究人员们可以对风险进行比较，结果显示新软件明显能更好地处理心电图数据。）”，由此可知，本题说法是正确的。因此，本题正确答案为A。
【全文翻译】
科学家探索检测心脏病的方法
德国研究人员研发出了新一代除颤器和预警软件，旨在更好的保护心脏病患者，防止因心脏停搏而突然死亡。
仅仅在德国，每年就有约10万人死于心脏骤停，其中大部分是由于心率中止导致的。最危险的是那些已经犯过一次心脏病的人。多年来，除颤器的使用在诊断要命的心率中止以及在几秒钟之内自动干预并矫正心率方面是非常有用的。这些设备有一系列功能，比如相当于起搏器的功能。
弗莱堡大学诊所的心脏病专家已经在植入式心律除颤器方面取得了突破性的进展，这种心律除颤器可以在体内产生六通道型的心电图。这种集成系统能够提前诊断出严重的血液流通问题和即将发生的心脏病。这种仪器今年将首次植入病人体内。与此同时，凯泽斯劳滕的弗劳恩霍夫研究所应用数学部的研究人员已经开发出了一种新的计算机软件，此软件可以使心电图数据的评估更加精确。
大多数危险的患者都没有植入式除颤器，所以他们必须接受常规心电图检查。“现有的许多程序只考虑线性相关性数据，但是我们现在使用的是能够将心脏跳动的混乱模式作为一个直观而又复杂的系统解释出来的非线性处理方法，”Hagen Knaf说。通过这种方式可以随时监测心跳的变化，个体差异因素也会被考虑在内。过去一项基于600位连续犯心脏病的患者的研究让研究人员们可以对风险进行比较，结果显示新软件明显能更好地处理心电图数据。
第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23—30题，每题1分，共8分）
下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个最佳标题；（2）第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。
Sleep Well to Be Well
1 Do youoften feel tired in the morning even though you’ve been in bed for seven oreight hours the night before？ Like many people, you are not sleeping as muchas you think you are. In other words, your sleep efficiency is not that good.
2 Sleepexperts define “sleep efficiency” as the percentage of time lying down that youare actually sleeping. According to the Explanatory Journal, the scienceof sleep efficiency is still young. There is no specific number for efficiencythat’s been proven as linked to poor health. However, according to a NewYork Times report about sleep quality, some experts estimate a roughballpark（范围）of 85 percent or above as a decent place to be.
3 Shortwavelength blue light, emitted（放出） by the sun and by the screens of computers,iPads and smartphones, stops production of the sleep-inducing hormone melatonin（褪黑素） and makes you feel more active. Blue light tells yourbrain it’s daytime. Experts suggest turning off your computers and smartphonesone hour or at least 30 minutes before bed.
4 Go to bedand wake up at the same time, or relatively the same time, every day. Avoidbinge sleeping（狂睡）on the weekend. Consistency is the key to a goodnight’s sleep, especially when it comes to waking up. When you have aconsistent wake-up time, your brain accustoms to this and moves through thesleep cycle in preparation for you to feel rested and active at your wake-uptime.
5 One ofthe biggest peaks in melatonin production happens during the 1 to 3 pm timeframe, which explains why most people feel sleepy in the afternoon. If youaren’t getting enough sleep at night, you’re likely going to feel an overwhelmingdesire to sleep in the afternoon. When this happens, you’re better off taking ashort nap than resorting to caffeine or strong tea to keep you awake. A shortnap will give you the rest you need to get through the rest of the afternoon,and you’ll sleep much better in the evening than if you drink caffeine or takea long afternoon nap.
A. Define the sleeprelated terms
B. Take naps
C. Turn off the devicesemitting blue light
D. Keep a consistentsleep schedule
E. Improve sleepquality
F. Avoid blue-light atnight
23. Paragraph2_________
24. Paragraph3_________
25. Paragraph4_________
26. Paragraph5_________
【答案与解析】
23.A 本段主要介绍了“睡眠效率”的定义，也就是与睡眠有关的术语，因此，正确答案为A。
24.C 本段主要介绍了“太阳和电子设备屏幕发出的短波长蓝光会影响睡眠，影响褪黑素的产生，让你感觉更清醒，所以专家建议睡前一小时或至少睡前30分钟关闭电脑和手机”。因此，正确答案为C。
25.D 本段主要提出建议，每天要规律睡眠,避免周末狂睡。坚持固定时间睡觉，这样大脑就会形成睡眠循环，到时间也会自然醒来。D项规律睡眠的重要性是对本段内容的概括，因此，正确答案为D。
26.B 本段主要介绍“下午1到3点是褪黑素的分泌高峰期，所以人容易犯困。如果晚上睡眠不够，这时候就可以小睡一下，这比喝咖啡或浓茶要好”。B项中午小睡是对本段内容的概括，因此，正确答案为В。
27. The tiredness inthe morning even after many hours in bed is due to＿＿＿＿.
28. Sleeping less than85% of the time spent lying in bed might cause＿＿＿＿.
29. A lower productionof the hormone melatonin is due to＿＿＿＿.
30. A strong desire tosleep in the afternoon is the result of＿＿＿＿.
A. a long afternoon nap
B. the peak production of melatonin
C. poor health
D. low sleep efficiency
E. good sleep efficiency
F. exposure to blue light
【答案与解析】
27.D 定位根据题干定位至第一段。
点睛该段第一句话提到睡得时间长还是会觉得疲倦'的原因是睡眠效率低，D项low sleep efficiency与原文说法一致。因此，正确答案为D。
28.C定位根据题干定位至第二段。
点睛该段第二句话提到一些专家认为如果想要保持良好状态，这一比例约为85%或更高，C项poor health符合文意。因此，正确答案为C。
29.F 定位根据题干定位至第三段。
点睛该段第一句话提到来自太阳、电脑、平板电脑或手机屏幕的短波长蓝光会抑制促进睡眠的褪黑色素的产生,让你毫无睡意F项exposure to blue light符合文意。因此，正确答案为F.
30.В 定位根据题干定位至第五段。
点睛该段第一句话提到褪黑素产生的高峰是每天下午1点到3点。这也是大部分人会在下午感到困倦的原因，B项the peak production ofmelatonin与原文说法一致。因此，正确答案为B。
【全文翻译】
睡得多不如睡得好
1．你是不是常常觉得即使晚上已经睡了七八个小时，白天依旧无精打采？你不是一个人，很多人都和你一样，因为你的（有效）睡眠时间并没有你想象的那么长。简言之，你的睡眠质量不够高。
2．睡眠专家对“睡眠效率”的定义是真正睡眠时间占在你躺在床上时间的比例。据解释性新闻网站的报道，关于睡眠质量的研究起步较晚。目前尚无具体比例说明睡眠效率将会有害健康。但是，据《纽约时报》报道，一些专家认为如果想要保持良好状态，这一比例为85％或更高。
3．来自太阳和电子设备屏幕发出的短波长蓝光会影响睡眠，影响褪黑素的产生，让你感觉更清醒，蓝光会让你的大脑误以为此时是白天。专家们的建议是：睡前一小时或至少睡前30分钟关闭电脑和手机。
4．每天最好在同一时间入睡和起床，至少保持相对的一致性。不要在周末睡的太放纵，因为固定的睡眠时间，尤其是固定的清醒时间是睡眠的关键。当你拥有固定的睡眠时间时，你的大脑就会形成习惯，在入睡前为入睡状态做好准备，在醒来时恢复清醒。
5．下午1到3点是褪黑素的分泌高峰期，所以人容易犯困。如果晚上睡眠不够，那么第二天下午你会困意十足，这时候就可以小睡一下，这比喝咖啡或浓茶要好。与喝咖啡或是在下午睡很久相比，小眯一会不仅让你得到充分的休息，还能保证你当天晚上的睡眠。
第4部分：阅读理解（第31~45题，每题3分，共45分）
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。
第一篇Can Added Calcium Help Older Bones？
New Zealand researchers say guidelines advising seniors toconsume at least 1,000 to 1,200 milligrams of calcium a day are misplaced.
No proof was found that boosting calcium intake beyondnormal dietary levels strengthens older bones or prevents fractures, saidresearcher Dr Mark Bolland, a professor at the University of Auckland. “We’vegathered all the clinical studies of calcium supplements and dietary calciumintake for both bone density and fractures,” said Bolland. “Taken together, wethink this is the strongest possible evidence that taking calcium supplementswill not be beneficial unless there are clear medical reasons that a calciumsupplement is needed,” he said.
Moreover, excess calcium supplementation can be harmful, heand other experts said. “The findings probably will surprise clinicians andpatients”, Bolland said, “because they have received very strong messages formany years about the importance of calcium for bone health in guidelines forosteoporosis（骨质疏松症）management and by osteoporosis advocacy groups.”
“Clinical trials have shown that calcium supplements oftencause minor gastrointestinal（胃肠的）side effects such as constipation（便秘）”, Bolland said. “They also cause a small increased risk ofkidney stones, heart attacks, high calcium levels and hospitalization withacute gastrointestinal symptoms.” He also said. “The small risk of theseimportant adverse effects, together with the moderate risk of minor sideeffects such as constipation, outweighs any benefits of calcium supplements onfracture.”
However, Dr Duffy MacKay, president for the Council forResponsible Nutrition, disagreed with Bolland’s conclusions, and countered thatscientific evidence does show that calcium reduces fracture risk. “The degreeof benefit varies from study to study,” he said. “However, the largest benefitis generally found in those who take their calcium supplements throughout theentirety of a study. Other important factors that influence the benefit ofcalcium supplementation include giving calcium supplements with other importantbone nutrients including vitamin D and vitamin K.”
31. Dr Bolland saysthat calcium intake beyond normal dietary levels has _____.
A. a positive effect on older hones
B. an effective power on healing fractures
C. not been beneficial to the legs
D. not been proved effective
32. The clinicalstudies have been gathered to investigate _____.
A. both calcium supplements and calcium intake
B. either calcium supplements or calcium intake
C. either bone density or fractures
D. both bone density and fractures
33. The findings aboutthe excess calcium intake are surprising because they are _____.
A. put forward by famous researchers
B. advocated in the guidelines for bone health
C. different from the long-standing concepts
D. only discussed within a few years
34. The adverse effectsfrom the calcium supplements include the following EXCEPT _____.
A. constipation
B. forgetfulness
C. heart attacks
D. kidney stones
35. According to DrMacKay, the most important factor affecting the result of the study is _____.
A. the continuous intake
B. the amount of intake
C. the age of patients
D. the gender of patients
【答案与解析】
31.D 定位根据calcium intakebeyond normal dietary levels定位到原文第二段。
点睛由第二段第一句博兰德博士的话“No proof wasfound that boosting calcium I intake beyond normal dietary levelsstrengthens older bones or prevents fractures, said researcher Dr Mark Bolland,a professor at the Universityof Auckland. ”可知，并没有证据表明超过每日所需摄人量的钙能够强健骨骼或是预防骨折。只有D符合题意，故选D。
避错A、B两项与原文意思相反，C项原文未提及。
32.D 定位根据clinicalstudies have been gathered定位到原文第二段。
点睛第二段第二句“We’ve gatheredall the clinical studies of calcium supplements and dietary calcium intake forboth bone density and fractures”可知，研究者针对转补剂和饮食钙摄入对骨密度与骨折的影响展开临床研究，就是为了调查钙摄入与骨密度、骨折的关系。故本题的答案是D。
避错A、B两项说的转补剂和饮食钙摄入是展开研究的主题，而非研究的对象。原文是针对钙摄入与骨密度、骨折的两者的关系，而非二者之一。故C项错误。
33.C 定位根据excess calcium intake are surprising定位到原文第三段。
点睛第三段提到“The findings probablywill sur-prise clinicians and patients”，Bolland said，“becausethey have received very strong messages for many years about the importance ofcalcium for bone health in guidelines for osteoporosis management and byosteoporosis advocacy groups. ”可知，研究结果惊人之处就在于它颠覆了长期以来人 们强调补钙对于骨质疏松症有利的认识，这与之前的认知概念很不一样。故本题的答案是C。
避错A、B、D项未提及。
34.B 定位根据adverseeffects定位到原文第四段。
点睛根据“They also cause as mall increased risk of kidney stones,heart, attacks, high calcium levels …Thesmall risk of these important adverse effects, together with the moderate riskof minor side effects such as constipation, outweigh any benefits of calciumsupplements fracture. ” 可知，钙补剂的副作用并没有健忘。故本题的答案是B。
避错A、C、D在原文都有提及，题干出现except故排除B。
35.A 定位根据according to Dr. MacKay定位到原文最后一段。
点睛根据麦凯博士的看法，由“The degree of benefit varies from study tostudy," he said. However, the latest benefit is generally found in thosewho take their calcium supplements throughout the entirety of a study. ” 可知，结果因研究而异，研究证据表明补钙确实能降低骨折风险，大多数受益者反倒是坚持补钙的人群，所以应该是持续性摄人对研究结果的影响最大，故本题的答案是A。
避错B、C、D项未提及。
【全文翻译】
多余钙的摄入有利于老年人的骨骼吗？
新西兰研究人员分析了以前的100多个调查，指出老年人每天至少消耗1000到1200毫克的钙，这种建议的参考性是错误的。
研究员马克博兰博士说到，没有证据表明，多余钙的摄入量超过正常饮食水平可以增健老年人的骨骼或防止骨折。“我们已经收集了所有的骨密度和骨折的膳食摄入钙和补充钙的临床研究，”奥克兰大学医学系副教授博兰说。总之，“我们认为这是最强有力的证据表明，服用钙补充剂将不会对身体是有益，除非有明确的补充钙必要的医疗原因”，他说。
此外，过量的补充钙可能是有害的，他和其他专家说到。“该发现可能会会使临床医生和患者感到惊讶”，兰德说，“因为他们已经掌握大量的信息，关于多年来补钙对于治疗骨质疏松的骨骼健康的重要性”，并已被骨质疏松的团体所认可。
“临床试验表明，钙补充剂通常会引起轻微的胃肠道不适反应，如便秘”，兰德说。“他们也很有可能会诱发肾结石，心脏病、高钙水平与需要住院治疗的急性胃肠道症状。”他还说。“这些小风险重要的副作用，加上如便秘的中等风险轻微的副作用，超过钙补充剂对骨折本身的益处。”
然而，杜菲麦凯，负责营养的科学监管事务委员会主席，不同意博朗的结论，并反驳说，科学证据表明，钙可以降低骨折的风险。所做研究不同，显现出的利益的程度各不相同， “他说。”然而大多数受益者 反倒是坚持补钙的人群。影响补充钙吸收的其他重要因素包括补充维生素D和其他重要的骨骼营养素的摄取，包括维生素D和维生素K的摄入。
第二篇 Deforestation and Desertification（沙漠化）
The Sahel zone lies between the Sahara desert and thefertile savannahs（热带大草原）of northern Nigeria and South Sudan. The word sahelcomes from Arabic and means marginal or transitional, and this is a gooddescription of these semi-arid（半干旱） lands, which occupy much of the Western Africancountries of Mali, Mauritania, Niger, and Chad.
Unfortunately, over the last century the Sahara desert hassteadily crept southwards eating into once productive Sahel lands. UnitedNations surveys show that over 70 percent of the dry land in agriculture use inAfrica has deteriorated over the last 30 years. Droughts have becomemore severe, the most recent lasting over twenty years in parts of the Sahelregion. The same process of desertification is taking place across southernAfrica as the Kalahari desert advances into Botswana and parts of South Africa.
One of the major causes of this desert advance is pooragricultural land use, driven by the pressures of increasing population.Overgrazing-keeping too many farm animals on the land-means that grasses andother plants cannot recover, and scarce water supplies are exhausted.Overcultivation—trying to grow too many crops on poor land—results in the soilbecoming even less fertile and drier, and beginning to break up. Soil erosion（侵蚀）follows; and the land turns into desert.
Another cause of desertification is loss of tree cover.Trees are cut down for use as fuel and to clear land for agricultural use. Treeroots help to bind the soil together, to conserve moisture, and to provide ahabitat for other plants and animals. When trees are cut down, the soil beginsto dry and loosen, wind and rain erosion increase, other plant species die, andeventually the fertile topsoil may be almost entirely lost, leaving only barerock and dust.
The effects of loss of topsoil and increased drought areirreversible. They are, however, preventable. Careful conservation of treecover and sustainable agricultural land use have been shown to haltdeterioration of soils and lessen the effects of shortage of rainfall. Oneproject in Kita in south-west Mali funded by UNDP has involved localcommunities in sustainable management of forest, while at the same timeproviding a viable（有活力的） agricultural economy. This may be a model forsimilar projects in other West African countries.
36. The Sahel zone isan area which＿＿＿＿＿＿.
A. is covered with sand and grass
B. has a long history
C. occupies much of South Nigeria
D. belongs to Sudan
37. What is thesituation about the desertification in Africa？＿＿＿＿＿＿.
A. The deserts are replaced with grasslands.
B. The deserts are expanding.
C. The deserts are moving northwards.
D. The deserts are being deserted.
38. The word“deteriorated” in Paragraph 2 means _____.
A. deepened
B. suffered
C. slipped
D. worsened
39. What is the rootcause of desertification？_____.
A. Poor farming.
B. Overpopulation.
C. Radical climate change.
D. Disappearance of rare plant species.
40. In order to preventdesertification, the author proposes _____.
A. making good use of international aids
B. developing a sustainable agricultural economy
C. gaining international support
D. converting agricultural land into forest
【答案与解析】
36.A 点睛根据第一段可知，萨赫勒地区位于撒哈拉沙漠和肥沃的热带大草原之间，为半干旱的土地，由此可知，该地区既有沙漠也有草原，属于沙漠和草原过度的地带。
避错根据第一段第一句可知，萨赫勒地区位于尼日利亚及苏丹之间，C项和D项错误。B项文中没有提及，因此排除。
37.B 点睛文章第二段的第一句就提到了撒哈拉沙漠在向南扩张（the Sahara desert has steadily crept southwards eating into…），由此可知，B项正确。
避错文章提到撒哈拉沙漠在向南扩张，因此A、C项错误。D项没有提及，因此排除。
38.D 点睛第二段第一句首先提到了撒哈拉沙漠在向南扩张，由此可知，第二句中应该是指农业用地恶化，因此本题选择D项。
39.A 点睛第三段第一句指出“One of the major causes of this desert advance is poor agriculturalland use”，由此可知，A项正确。
避错文章第三段第一句提到了“poor agricultural land use, driven bythe pressures of increasing population”，由此可知，人口过多是沙漠化的间接原因，因此B项不符合题意。C项和D项文中没有提及，因此排除。
40.B 定位根据关键词prevent desertification定位到最后一段。
点睛根据最后一段第三句可知，小心保护树木、可持续地使用农业用地已被证明能阻止土壤恶化、减缓降雨缺少的影响。因此本题选B项。
避错文章最后一段提到了联合国开发计划署的资助项目，但是这并不是作者提倡的阻止沙漠化的方法，而是给出一个具体的例证，因此A项和C项不符合题意。D项文中没有提及，因此排除。
【全文翻译】
森林的砍伐和沙漠化
萨赫勒地区位于撒哈拉沙漠和尼日利亚北部和南苏丹肥沃的草原之间。这个词来自阿拉伯语，表示代表着边际或过渡，这个词很好的藐视了这些半干旱地区，例如其中占据马里、毛里塔尼亚、尼日尔和乍得西部非洲国家。
不幸的是，上个世纪的撒哈拉沙漠却稳步向南蚕食曾经多产的萨赫勒地区。联合国调查显示，过去30年中，超过百分之70非洲农业用地已经恶化。干旱越来越严重，最近持续了超过二十年以来干旱严重的萨赫勒地区。同样的沙漠化过程发生在南部非洲的喀拉哈里沙漠推进到博茨瓦纳和南非部分地区。
造成这种沙漠化的主要原因之一是农业用地的落后，以及人口增长压力的驱使。过度放牧—使太多的家畜，草和其它植物不能恢复，稀缺的水源枯竭。过度开垦一试图贫瘠的土地上栽培植物—导致在土壤变得少产、干燥，土壤开始松散。接下来土壤侵蚀，土地变成沙漠。
沙漠化的另一个原因是树木覆盖的减少。树木作为燃料而被砍伐，通过砍伐、焚烧植被改造成并为农业。树根有助于将土壤结合在一起，以保持水分，并为其他植物和动物的提供栖息地。一旦树木被砍伐，土壤开始变得干燥，疏松，雨蚀作用量增加，其它植物种类灭绝，最终完全丧失肥沃的表层土壤，只留下光秃秃的岩石和尘。
表层土壤能力的丧失和干旱几率的增加是不可逆转的现象。然而，他们是可以预防的。小心保护树木的覆盖力和可持续发展的农业用地，显示可以停止恶化的土壤以及减少降雨量。由联合国开发计划署投资马里西南部一个项目，参与森林可持续经营的当地社区，同时提供有活力的农业经济。这可能为其他西非国家建立了类似项目的模型。
第三篇
Living Alone Could Be Good for Your Weight
Good news for people living alone: A forthcoming papershows that single adults-of any sexual orientation-are physically healthierwhen it comes to body mass index（BMI）. The study, whichappears in the January edition of the Journal of Family Issues, foundthat living without a partner-either divorced or never married-is associatedwith lower body weight.
On the other hand, co-habiters and married people, whethermale or female ,had higher BMIs, a calculation of weight and height thatstudies have linked to chronic conditions such as diabetes, heart disease, sometypes of cancers, and, ultimately, higher rates of mortality.
Sociologist Jay Teachman of Western Washington Universityused 20 years of data from the 1979 National Longitudinal Study of Youth andmore than 3,000 participants to examine body weight, marital status, and whathe calls relationship “transitions”-that is, breakups.
He tracked people’s BMIs from adolescence to middle age （between39 and 42 years old） and found people experienced a short-termweight loss after divorce, which he believes is probably stress-induced.Generally, Teachman thinks, couples that live together are heavier becausethey’re more likely to share meals and cook together.
“The divorce effect fades over time,” Teachman told Scienceof US. “But the data show that ‘the appearance effect’persists. Singlepeople are thinner and likely more concerned about how they look because theyare in the dating market.”
His research is a departure from some of the conventionalwisdom that coupled people tend to be fitter—and adds a wrinkle to the numerouslinks between marriage and positive health outcomes. Nevertheless, Teachmanacknowledges a caveat in his work: The difference in body weight between amarried and single individual was about three pounds at any point in time. Athigher BMIs, a three-pound spread could push the average respondent into theobese category—and the individuals in this study were fairly young. Since the datacut at age 42, people still had a lot of potential weight-gaining decades aheadof them.
41. According to thestudy, a person living without a partner is＿＿＿＿.
A. unwilling to increase weight in a short time
B. more likely to have a better body mass index
C. not able to live a proper life
D. reluctant to get married
42. People with higherBMIs are easily caught by the following diseases EXCEPT ＿＿＿＿.
A. metabolic diseases
B. cardiovascular diseases
C. some types of cancers
D. lung diseases
43. According toTeachman, couples that live together are heavier because they＿＿＿.
A. experience the sad time together
B. share their happy emotions
C. give birth to babies
D. eat and cook together
44. According toTeachman, single people are driven to keep body shape by＿＿＿＿.
A. their strong desire to live alone
B. their belief in the research results
C. their expectation to start a new love story
D. the impairment to their lifestyles
45. Teachman’sconclusion differs from the conventional ideas possibly because＿＿＿＿.
A. the participants promised not to increase their weight
B. the relationship between the married and the single isunstable
C. the participants were all under 42 years old
D. the relationship between marriage and health outcomes isdoubtful
【答案与解析】
41.B 定位根据living without a partner定位到原文第一段。
点睛根据第一段“A forthcoming paper shows that single adults—of any sexualorientation—are physically healthier when it comes to body mass index ( BMI)... found that living without a partner—either divorced or never married—isassociated with lower body weight. ” 可知，一份即将发表的论文称单身成年人，无论其性取向如何，就身体质量指数而言，他们总是更为健康，没有伴侣（离异或未婚)都和较轻体重相关。故本题的答案是B。
避错A、C、D在原文都没有提及，故选B。
42.D 定位根据题干关键词higher BMIs、disease定位到原文第二段。
点睛根据第二段“ ...co-habiters and married people, whether male or femalehad higher BMIs, a calculation of weight and height that studies havelinked to chronic conditions such as diabetes, heart disease, some types ofcancers, and, ultimately, higher rates of mortality." 可知，同居者和已婚人士，无论男女，身体质量指数都偏高，身体质量指数计算的是身髙和体重，研究称指数高和糖尿病、心脏病、某些癌症等慢性疾病相关，最重要的是，死亡率也高。故本题的答案是D。
避错糖尿病属于代谢类疾病A，心脏病属于心血管类疾病B，唯独没有提到肺部疾病，故选D。
43.D定位根据couples that live together are heavier定位到原文第四段。
点睛根据第四段“Generally,Teachmanthinks couples that live together are heavier because they’ remore likely to share meals and cook together. ”可知，蒂奇曼认为居住在一起的夫妇体重更重，因为他们更有可能一起做饭，一起就餐。故本题的答案是D。
避错A、B、C在原文都没有提及，故选D。
44.C 定位根据关键词Teachman、singlepeople、keep fit定位到原文第五段。
点睛根据第五段“Single people are thinner and likely more concerned abouthow they look because they are in thedating market. ”可知，单身人士更瘦，也更注重外形，是因为他们还有可能开始下一段感情。故本题的答案是C。
避错A、B、D在原文都没有提及，故选C。
45.C 定位根据题干定位到原文最后一段。
点睛根据根据最后一段“At higher BMIs,... people still had a lot ofpotential weight-gaining decades ahead of them. ”可知，已婚人士与单身人士任何时候的体重差异都是大约3磅，正因为此番参加研究的人员都相当年轻，3磅之差就可以把参与调査者列人肥胖者之列。由于数据截止到42岁，数十年内人们体重增长的可能性依旧很大，所以这也是蒂奇曼的研究与传统观念相悖的原因。故本题的答案是C。
避错A、B、D在原文都没有提及，故选C。
【全文翻译】
独自生活可能对你的体重有好处
独自一人生活的好消息：一个即将发表的论文表明，任何性取向的单身，身体体重指数更为健康。这项研究发表在一月版的《家庭问题》杂志上，无论其性取向如何，就身体质量指数而言，他们总是更为健康没有伴侣（离异或未婚)都和较轻体重相关。
另一方面，同居者和已婚人士，无论男女，身体质量指数都偏高，身体质量指数计算的是身髙和体重，研究称指数高和糖尿病、心脏病、某些癌症等慢性疾病相关，最重要的是，死亡率也高。华盛顿大学社会学家蒂奇曼乔伊西方用了20年从1979届全国青年纵向研究的数据，超过3000的参与者对体重、婚姻状况，以及他所称的“转变”的关系一即分手。
他跟踪调查从青春期到中年（39至42岁）人的体重指数，发现人经历离婚后的短期减肥，他认为这可能是应激性。一般来说，讲师认为，生活在一起的夫妇更重些，因为他们更容易分享食物并一起做饭。
“离婚效应随着时间的流逝而消失，“蒂奇曼告诉美国科学”，但数据显示，“外观效应仍然存在。单身人士更瘦，也更注重外形，是因为他 们还有可能开始下一段感情。
他的研究与一些传统的观点相悖，传统观点认为结婚的人们往往更健康，并增加了关于婚姻和积极的健康结果之间的众多联系。然而，蒂奇曼认可他作品的一个告诫：无论何时在已婚和单身个体间体重差异约三磅。处在较高的体重指数，3磅之差就可以把参与调査者列人肥胖者之列。由于数据截止到42岁，数十年内人们体重增长的可能性依旧很大。
第5部分：补全短文（第46—50题，每题2分，共10分）
下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。
Sauna
Ceremonial（仪式性的）bathing has existed for thousands of years andhas many forms, one of which is the sauna. The Finns have perfected the steambath, or sauna, which may be taken, usually in an enclosed room, by pouringwater over hot rocks or as a dry heat bath. (46) Dryheat and steam baths had advocates in ancient Rome and pre-Columbian Americansused sweat lodges.
The earliest saunas were probably underground caves heatedby a fire that naturally filled with smoke as chimney making was unknown atthat time. A fire kept in a fire-pit would heat the rock walls of the cave.After reaching full heat, the smoke was let out of the cave and the stoneswould retain heat for several hours. (47) Todaymost saunas use electric stoves, although gas and wood-burning stoves areavailable.
Saunas are relaxing and stress relieving. Those with muscleaches or arthritis（关节炎）may find that the heat relaxes muscles andrelieves pain and inflammation（炎症). Asthma（气喘）patients find thatthe heat enlarges air passageways of the lung and facilitates breathing. Saunasdo not cure the common cold but they may help to alleviate congestion（阻塞）and speed recovery time. (48) Thesauna could beconsidered to follow the old saying “starve a cold, feed afever”. The regular use of a sauna may decrease the likelihood of getting acold in the first place.
Sauna is good for your skin as the blood flow to the skinincreases and sweating occurs. Adults sweat about 2 lbs of water per hour onaverage in a sauna. A good sweat removes dirt and grime from pores and givesthe skin a healthy glow. The loss in water weight is temporary as the body’sphysiological mechanisms will quickly restore proper volumes. (49) Heart rate may increase from 72 beats per minute on average to100 -150 beats per minute.
A normal heart can handle these stresses but those withheart trouble wishing to begin to use a sauna should seek a doctor’s advice.The elderly and those with diabetes should check with their doctor prior tobeginning to take saunas. (50) Indeed,everyone just starting out should take short sessions at first to becomeaccustomed to this type of bath.
A. Pregnant womenshould not take saunas, particularly in the first three months.
B. A few people today say that the smoke sauna,“savusauna”, is the only true sauna experience and that all saunas should haveat least a background odor or smoke.
C. The body’s core temperature usually rises a1-2 degrees while in the sauna, thus imitating a slight fever.
D. An extra large saunaand steam room can be used for players to relax in.
E. The cardiovascular system gets a workout asthe heart must pump harder and faster to move blood to the surface for heatexchange.
F. The Japanese, Greeks, Turks and Russians aswell as Native Americans have forms of the sweat bath in their bathing rituals.
【答案与解析】
46.F 空格前面讲到芬兰人完善了蒸汽浴，空格后面提到了古罗马的干热和蒸汽浴、哥伦布发现美洲大陆前的美洲人的发汗小屋，由此推测，空格处应该也是对某个时期某个地区关于某种桑拿浴方式的介绍。F项符合该处语境，因此选F项。
47.B 本段主要介绍了早期的地下山洞桑拿浴。空格前面提到需要排烟，空格后面提到现在的桑拿浴主要使用电炉。B项中“smokesauna”与上文中提到的山洞里充满了烟相呼应，同时通过“today”一词从早期过渡到现在的情况，从而与下文相连接。本题选B项。
48.C 空格前后都在讲桑拿浴对于治疗或者防止感冒的积极作用。C项“在蒸桑拿浴时，人体温度通常会上升l—2摄氏度，就像发低烧一样的感觉。”具体说明了桑拿浴对人体产生的影响，其中的“a slight fever”与下文中的“feed a cold, starve a fever”相呼应，符合上下文语境，因此选C项。
49.E 空格前面讲到了桑拿浴促进皮肤血液循环等作用，空格后面提到心率增加，由此可知，空格处应该介绍桑拿浴对心脏系统的影响，因此选择E项。
50.A 本段主要介绍了蒸桑拿的一些注意事项，空格前面提到了心脏病患者、老人和糖尿病患者需要咨询医生，A项提到了孕妇不宜进行桑拿浴，与上文连接紧密，符合本段主题，因此选A项。
【全文翻译】
桑拿浴
仪式性的沐浴已经有几千年的历史，并且有多种形式，其中的一种就是桑拿浴。芬兰人完善了蒸汽浴，也就是桑拿浴。它可以在一个封闭的房间里将水浇在滚烫的石头上，或是一种干热浴。日本人、希腊人、土耳其人、俄国人以及美洲土著人在他们的沐浴传统中都有发汗浴这一形式。干热和蒸汽浴为古罗马所提倡，而哥伦布发现美洲大陆前的美洲人则使用发汗小屋。
最早的桑拿浴很有可能是在地下山洞里。山洞由火加热，由于当时还没有掌握烟囱技术，山洞里总是充满着浓烟。人们在火槽里生火，加热山洞的四壁。当墙壁达到一定的温度时，将浓烟排出洞外，而墙壁还能保持几小时的高温。今天，有一些人认为有烟的桑拿浴，“烟熏桑拿”，才是真正的桑拿体验，而所有的桑拿浴都应该至少有烟熏或烟味作背景。现在，尽管煤油炉和烧木头的火炉仍然可以使用，但大多数的桑拿浴是用电炉。
桑拿浴能使人放松并消除压力。肌肉疼痛或关节炎都可以利用桑拿浴的热气减轻疼痛和炎症。热气还可以扩张哮喘患者的肺部通道，使呼吸更加顺畅。桑拿浴并不能治愈普通的感冒，但它有利于减轻阻塞，加快康复的速度。在蒸桑拿浴时，人体温度通常会上升l—2摄氏度，就像发低烧一样的感觉。因此，蒸桑拿可以说是印证了一句老话：“伤风时宜吃，发热时宜饿。”定期蒸桑拿浴可以在第一时间预防感冒的发生。
蒸桑拿对皮肤也有好处，它可以促进皮肤的血液循环和出汗。在这个过程中，成年人一
般每小时要蒸发2磅的水。出汗可以清除毛孔中的污垢，使皮肤变得光洁。失水只是暂时性
的，人体机能能够很快补充合适的水量。为了运输更多血液到表皮进行热量交换，心脏跳动得更快，这就使心血管系统也得到了锻炼。蒸桑拿浴时的心率能从原来的平均每分钟72次增加到每分钟100—150次。
健康的心脏可以承受这种变化，而那些心脏病患者在蒸桑拿浴之前应该征求医生的建议。同样的，老年人和糖尿病患者也应如此。孕妇则不能蒸桑拿浴，尤其是在怀孕的头3个月。其实，每个人在刚开始尝试桑拿浴时都应该先是短时间的，直到适应了这种沐浴方式。
第6部分：完形填空（第51~65题。每题1分，共15分）
下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。
Hypertension Drugs Found to Cut Risk of Stroke
Australian doctors declared Monday that a cocktail ofsimple antihypertensive drugs can. lower the risk of patients suffering arepeat stroke （51）＿＿＿more than a third. This is the result of theirresearch. The research has been（52）＿＿＿highly as a major breakthrough in strokeprevention.
Strokes kill 5 million people a year, and more than 15million suffer non-fatal strokes that often（53）＿＿＿them with useless limbs, broken speech and other seriousdisabilities. One in five stroke（54）＿＿＿goes on to have a second, often fatal, strokewithin five years of the first.
An international six-year study of 6,100 patients directedfrom Sydney University found that by taking two blood pressure-lowering drugs,the risk of secondary strokes can be reduced up to 40 percent. Even taking oneof the commonly（55）＿＿＿drugs can cut the risk by a third, the study said.The drugs in combination were （56）＿＿＿even in patients who did not have high bloodpressure, the researchers said. They even found that the risk of another strokecould be （57）_____ by three quarters among the one-in-tenpatients who had suffered a cerebral hemorrhage （脑出血）, the worsttype of stroke,（58）＿＿＿there is direct bleeding into the brain.
Stephen McMahon, who（59）＿＿＿the research at the Milan congress of the European Societyof Hypertension, said about 50 million people were alive who had suffered atleast one stroke. “If most of those patients were able to get（60）＿＿＿to this treatment, it would result（61）＿＿＿maybe the avoidance of half a million strokes a year,” theprofessor told Australia’s ABC Radio.
McMahon said doctors had（62）＿＿＿known that lowering the blood pressure of those withhypertension could help prevent strokes. “What we have shown for the first timeis that it does not really （63）＿＿＿what your blood pressure is; if you have had astroke, then lowering blood pressure will produce large （64）＿＿＿, to begin with-even for people whose blood pressure isaverage or below average, ” he said.
McMahon said the Milan gathering had heralded（预示）the research as a “major breakthrough in the care ofpatients（65）＿＿＿strokes-perhaps the biggest step forward that wehave made in the last couple of decades”.
51. A. through B.without C.below D. by
52. A. discussed B.criticized C.raised D.valued
53. A. present B.leave C.provide D. spare
54. A. surveyors B.surrenders C. survivors D.supervisors
55. A. available B.designable C.confirmable D.reasonable
56. A. conventional B.affective C.effective D. exceptional
57. A. fallen B.stopped C. cut D.destroyed
58. A. who B.why C.where D.which
59. A. prevented B.presented C.predicted D.prohibited
60. A. account B.access C.advantage D. alarm
61. A. from B.in C.off D.to
62. A. long B.steadily C. hardly D.soon
63. A. matter B.burden C.account D. weigh
64. A. damages B.losses C.benefits D.deficits
65. A. into B.on C.with D.at
【答案与解析】
51.D 固定搭配题。句意：可以把中风患者重复发作的风险降低三分之一。lower…by…表示“把……降低……”，因此本题选D。
52.D 词义辨析题。句意：这项研究受到高度重视，且被视作预防中风的重大突破。value作动词时，意为“重视，评价”，符合题意，故选D。discuss讨论。criticize批评。raise提高。
53.B 词义辨析题。句意：中风每年造成500万人死亡，超过1500万人忍受着非致命性中风带来的四肢残废、口齿不清和其他严重残疾。leave sb. with...意为“给某人留下……”，符合文意，故选B。present呈现。provide提供。spare节省；抽出。
54.C 词义辨析题。前句提到了超过1500万人忍受着非致命性中风，没有死亡，所以此处可填“幸存者”survivor，故选C。surveyor调查员。surrender投降。supervisor监督者。
55.A 词义辨析题。句意：即使只服用一种最常见的药物，其危险性也可以降低三分之一。commonly available指日常就能买到或得到的，符合题意，故选A。designable可设计的。confirmable可确定的。reasonable合理的。
56.C 词义辨析题。句意：即使没有高血压的人服用这种药物合剂也有效果。effective有效的，故选C。conventional传统的；常规的。affective情感的。exceptional例外的；超常的。
57.C 词义辨析题。句意：再次中风的风险能被降低四分之三。根据前文“...cancut the risk by a third”可知，此处可用cut，故选C。fall落下，减少，不及物动词，不能用于被动语态。stop停止。destroy破坏。
58.C 语法题。考查引导定语从句的关联词。分析句子结构可知，此处应填关系副词，选where。why也是关系副词，但表示与原因有关，不合文意。who和which为关系代词，故排除。
58.B 词义辨析题。句意：Stephen McMahon教授在这次欧洲出血症学会米兰会议上介绍了这项研究。present介绍，呈现，符合题意，故选B。prevent预防。predict预测。prohibit禁止。
60.B 固定搭配题。句意：如果多数患者能够得到这种治疗，中风次数可能会在一年之内减少五十万次。get access to为固定搭配，表示“获得；接近；可以使用”，故选B。
61.B 固定搭配题。result in为固定搭配，表示“导致，结果是”，符合文意，故选B。resultfrom表示“起因于”，不合文意。
62.A 词义辨析题。句意：医生们早就知道降低高血压患者的血压可以帮助预防中风。long长久以来，符合文意，故选A。steadily稳定地；持续地。hardly几乎不。soon很快，不久。
63.A 词义辨析题。句意：你的血压高低并不重要；只要你有过中风，那么降低血压就会带来巨大的好处，即使血压正常或低于正常的也是如此。matter重要，要紧，符合文意，故选A。burden使烦恼。account解释，导致。weigh重量为；权衡。
64.C 词义辨析题。全文都在强调降压药能够降低中风的风险。由此可知，降压能给中风患者带来好处，故选C。damage损害。loss损失。deficit亏损。
65.C 语法题。此处要表达的是“中风患者”，所以用介词with，表伴随状态，故选C。
【全文翻译】
高血压药品可降低中风的危险
澳大利亚的医生们于周一宣布，一种由简单抗高血压药品组成的合剂可以使中风患者降低三分之一以上的重复发作的危险。这是他们的研究结果。这项研究受到高度评价，且被视作预防中风的重大突破。
中风每年造成500万人死亡，超过1500万人忍受着非致命性中风带来的四肢残废、口齿不清和其他严重残疾。五分之一中风幸存者在第一次中风后五年内还将有再次中风，而且常常是致命的。
一项由悉尼大学指导、历时六年完成的对6100名病人进行的国际研究发现，服用两种降压药后，二次中风几率会降低四成。研究发现，即使只服用一种最常用的药物，其危险性也可以降低三成。研究人员说，即使没有高血压的人服用这种合剂也有效果。患者中十分之一有脑出血，这是最为严重的中风类型，血液径直流入大脑，他们甚至发现，这种中风也能降低四分之三。
Stephen McMahon教授在这次欧洲出血症学会米兰会议上介绍了这项研究，他说，大约5000万活着的人经历过至少一次中风。“如果多数患者能够进行此项治疗，中风次数可能会在一年之内减少五十万次。”McMahon向澳大利亚ABC电台说到。
McMahon说，医生们早就知道降低高血压患者的血压可以帮助预防中风。“我们第一次证明的是，你的血压高低并不重要；只要你有过中风，那么降低血压就会带来巨大的好处，即使血压正常或低于正常的也是如此。”
McMahon还说，米兰会议预示着此项研究成为“中风患者医疗方面的重大突破，或许是我们过去几十年中前进最为重大的一步。”
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