1990年全国硕士研究生考试英语试卷
I . In each question, decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET, ( 15 points)
l . Those two families have been quarrelling __ each other for many years.
A. to B. between C. against D. with
2. There are many things whose misuse is dangerous, bur it is hard to think of anything that can be compared ___
A. in B. with C. among D. by
3. "How often have you seen cases like this?" one surgeon asked another. "Oh ,__ times,
I guess, " was the reply.
A. hundred of B . hundreds C. hundreds of D. hundred
4. Give me your telephone number __ I need your help.
A. whether B.unless C. so that D. in case
5. You sang well last night. We hope you'll sing __.
A. more better B. still better C. nicely D. best
6. Those people __a general understanding of the present situation.
A. lack of B. are lacking of C. lack D. are in lack
7. Alone in a desert house ,he was so busy with his research work that he felt __lonely.
A. nothing but B. anything but C. all but D. everything but
8. Grace __tears when she heard the sad news.
A. broke in B.broke into C. broke off D.broke through
9. She refused to __the car keys to her husband until he had promised to wear his safety belt .
A. hand in B. hand out C.hand down D. down
10. Michael found it difficult to get his British jokes __to American audiences.
A. around B. over C.across D. down
11. The book contained a large__ of information.
A. deal B. amount C. number D. sum
12 . Nowadays advertising costs are no longer in reasonable_ to the total cost of the product .
A. proportion B. correlation C. connection D. correspondence
13. When she saw the clouds she went back to the house to _ her umbrella.
A. carry B. fetch C. bring D. reach
14. We must _ that the experiment is controlled as rigidly as possible.
A. assure . B. secure C. ensure D. issue
15. He was knocked down by a car and badly _
A. injured B. damaged C. harmed D. ruined
Ⅱ. Each of the three passages below is followed by some questions.For each question there are four answer. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)
1
In May l989 , space shuttle "Atlantis" released in outer space the space probe "Megallan" , which is now on her 15-month and one-billion-kilometer flight to Venus. A new phase in space exploration has begun .
The planet Venus is only slightly smaller than Earth; it is the only other object in the solar system, in fact, that even comes close to earth' s size. Venus has a similar density, so it is probably made of approximately the sanle stuff, and it has an atmosphere, complete with clouds. It is also the closest planet to earth, and thus the most similar in distance from the sun. In short,Venus seems to justify its long-held nickname of "earth' s twin. "
The surface temperature of Venus reaches some 900F. Added to that is an atmospheric pressure about 90 times Earth' s: High overhead in the carbon dioxide that passes for air is a layer of clouds, perhaps IO to 20 miles thick, whose little drops consist mostly of sulfuric acid(H2SO4) . Water is all but nonexistent.
Born with so many fundamental similarities to earth, how did Venus get to be so radically different : It is not just an academic matter. For all its extremes, Venus is a valuable laboratory for
researchers studying the weather and climate of earth. It has no earth' s oceans, so the heat transport and other mechanisms are greatly simplified. In addition, the planet Venus takes 243 earthdays to turn once on its axis, so incoming heat from the sun is added and distributed at a more
leisurely , observable pace.
16. Venus is similar to Earth in __
A. size and density B. distance from the sun
C. having atmosphere D. all of the above
17. The greatest value in studying Venus should be to__
A. allow us to visit there B. understand Earth better
C. find a new source of energy D. promote a new space program
18. The main idea of this passage is about _
A. problems of space travel B. scientific methods in space exploration
C. the importance of Venus to Earth D. conditions on Venus
2
Tourists were surprised to see a woman driving a huge orange tractor down one of Rome' s main avenues. Italy' s political leaders and some of its male union chiefs are said to have been even more puzzled to see that the tractor was followed by about 200,OOO women in a parading procession that took more than three hours to snake through central Rome.
Shouting slogans, waving flags and dancing to drumbeats, the women had come to the capital from all over Italy to demonstrate for "a job for each of us, a different type of job, and a society without violence" . So far, action to improve women' s opportunities in employment has been the province of collective industrtal bargaining. "But there is a growing awareness that this is not enough, " says a researcher on female labor at the govemment-funded Institute for the Development of Professional Training for Workers.
Women, who constitute 52 per cent of Italy' s population, today represent only 35 per cent of Italy' s total workforce and 33 per cent of the total number of Italians with jobs. However, their presence in the workplace is growing. The employment of women is expanding considerably in services, next to the public administration and commerce as their principal workplace. Official statistics also show that women have also made significant strides in self-employment. More and more women are going into business for themselves. Many young women are turning to business because of the growing overall in employment. It is also a fact that today many prejudices have disappeared , so that banks and other financial institutes make judgements on purely business con-
siderations without caring if it is a man or a woman.
Such changes are occurring in the professions too. The number of women doctors, dentists , lawyers , engineers and university professors increased two to three fold. Some of the changes are
immediately visible. For example, women have appeared on the scene for the first time as state police , railway workers and street cleaner.
However , the present situation is far from satisfactoty though some progress has been made. A breakthrough in equal opportunities for women is now demanded.
19 . The expression "snake through central Rome" probably means "to move_
A. quietly through central Rome" B. violently through central Rome"
C. in a long winding line through central Rome" D. at a leisurely pace through central Rome"
20 . Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A. There are more women than men in Italy. B. In Italy, women are chiefly employed in services.
C. In Italy, women are still at a disadvantage in employment.
D. In Italy, about two-thirds of the jobs are held by men.
21.About 200 ,OOO women in Rome demonstrated for_
A. more job opportunities B. a greater variety of jobs C. "equal job, equal pay" D. both A and B
22.The best title for this passage would be_
A. The Role of Women is Society B. Women Demonstrate for Equality in Employment
C. Women as Self-enlployed Professionals D. Women and the Jobs Market
3
"The old idea that talanted children "burn themselves out" in the early years, and, therefore, are subjected to failure and at worst, mental illness if unfounded. As a matter of fact, the outstanding thing that happens to bright kids is that they are very likely to grow into bright adults. To find this out, l,500 gifted persons were followed up to their thirty-fifth year with these results .
On adult intelligence tests, they scored as high as they had as children. They were, as a group, in good health, physically and mentally. 84 per cent of their group were married and seemed content with their lives.
About 70 per cent had graduated from college , though only 30 per cent had graduated with honors. A few had even dropped out, but nearly half of these had returned to graduate. Of the men, 80 per cent were in one of the professions or in business management or semiprofessional jobs. The women who had remained single had office , business , or professional occupations .
The group had published 90 books and 1, 500 articles in scientific, scholarly, and literary magazines and had collected more than 100 patents.
In a material way they did not do badly either. Average income was considerably higher among the gifted people, especially the men, than for the country as a whole, despite their comparative youth . In fact , far from being strange , most of the gifted were turning their early promise into practical reality.
23. The old idea that talented children "bum themselves out" in the early years is_
A. true in all senses B. refuted by the author C. medically proven D. a belief of the author
24. The survey of bright children was made to
A. find out what had happened to talented children when they became adults
B. prove that talented children "burn themselves out" in the early years
C. discover the percentage of those mentally ill among the gifted
D. prove that talented children never bum themselves out
25 . Intelligence tests showed that_
A. bright children were unlikely to be mentally healthy
B. between childhood and adulthood there was a considerable loss of intelligence
C. talented children were most likely to become gifted adults
D. when talented children grew into adults, they made low scores
Ⅲ. For each numbered blank in the following passage there are four choices labelled A, B, Cand D. Choose the best one and put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET. Read the whole passage before making your choice. ( 1O point)
No one knows for sure what the world would be like in the year 2001 . Many books have been written _26__the future. But the 19th-century French novelist Jules Veme may be called a futurologist in the fullest _27__ of the word. In his fantastic novels "A Trip to the Moon" and "80 Days Around the World" , he described' with detail the aeroplane and even the helicopter. These novels still have a great attraction _28__ young readers of today because of their bold imagination and scientific accuracy .Below is a description of what our life will be in the year 2001 as predicted by a _29___ writer .
In 2001 , in the home, cookers will be set so that you can cook a complete meal at the touch of a switch. Television will provide information on prices at the _30__ shops as well as news and entertainment. Videophones will bring pictures as well as _31____ to telephone conversations. Machines will control temperature, lighting, entertainment, security alarms, laundry and gardening .Lighting will provide decoration as well as wallpaper.
At work, robots will take _32___ most jobs in the manufacturing industries. Working hours will fall to under 30 hours a week. Holidays will get longer; six weeks will be the normal annual holiday. Men and women will retire at the sarlle age.
Our leisure will be different too. The home will become the center of entertainment through television and electronic games. More people will eat out in restaurants _33_ they do today; also they will have a much wider variety of food available. There will be a change of taste towards a more savoury-flavored menu. New synthetic foods will form a _34____ part of people' s diets. Foreign travel will _35__;winter holidays will become more popular than summer ones.
Also non-stop flights from Britain to Australia and New Zealand will be easily available and much
cheaper. Education will become increasingly more important than ever before.
26. A. in B. of C. about D. for
27. A. sense B. meaning C. detail D. implication
28. A. for B. of C. on D. towards
29. A. today B. nowadays C. present-day D. present
30. A. near B. nearby C. nearly D. nearer
31. A. noise B. sound C. tone D. tune
32. A. to B. away C. off D. over
33. A. than B. as C. when D. while
34. A. usual B. popular C. daily D. regular
35. A. add B. increase C. raise D. arise
IV . Each of the following sentence has four underlined parts. These parts are labelled A, B, C and D. Identify the part of sentence that is inconrrect and put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET. Then , without altering the meaning of the sentence , write down your correction on the line in the ANSWER SHEET. (IO points)
36. Alice was having trouble to control the children because there were so many of them.
37. We were very much surprised that the village was such long way from the road.
38. John's chance of being elected chairman of the committee is far greater than Dick.
39. "We have won a great victory on our enemy, " the captain said.
40. There are many valuable services which the public are willing to pay for, but which does not bring a return in money to the community.
41 . The law I am .referring require that everyone who owns a car have accident insurance.
42. "I considered it a honor to be invited to address the meeting of world-famous scientists, " said Professor Leacock .
43. He was seeing somebody creeping into the house through the open window last night .
44. The reason for all the changes being made has not explained to us yet.
45 . Even though the children pretended asleep , the nurses were not deceived when they came into the room.
V . Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the verbs given in the brackets. Put your answers in the ANSWER SHEET. ( IO point)
46 . Buying clothes _(be) very time-consuming as you rarely find things that fit you niceIy .
47. They keep telling us it is of utmast importance that our representative _ (send) to the conference on schedule .
48. I must call your attention to the directions. Read them carefully and act as _ (instruct) .
49. Emma said in her letter that she would appreciate _ (hear) from you soon.
50. I _(call) to make an airline reservation, but I didn' t.
51 . If Greg had tried harder to reach the opposite shore, we _ _ _(not have) to pick him up in the boat.
52 . After twenty years abroad, William came back only _ ( find) his hometown severely damaged in an earthquake.
53. The lecture _ (begin) , he left his seat so quietly that no one complained that his leaving disturbed the speaker.
54. The children were surprised when the teacher had them _ (cloes) their books unexpectedly .
55. A new road will be built here, and therefore a number of existing houses _(have to destroy ) .
Ⅵ.Translate the following into English(15points)
56．你应该仔细核对全部资科，以避免严重错误。
57．尽管这个实验复杂，他们决心按时把它完成c
58．一切迹象表明这个人对这里发生的情况毫无所知。
59．只有那些不怕困难的人，才有可能在工作中取得卓越的成果。
60．这篇作品与其说是短篇小说，不如说更像是新闻报导。
Ⅶ . Tanslate the following passage carefully and then translate the sentences underlined into Chinese. (20 point)
People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed. It is not easy to explain why me person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is competitive.
Sociat scientists are, of course, extremely interested in these types of questions. (61 ) They want to explain why we poesess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors. There are no clear arlswers yet, but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from each other. The controversy is often conveniently referred to as "nature as nurture. " . (62 ) Those who suppqrt the "nature" side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological factors. (63 ) That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics and behavior is central to this theory.Taken to an extreme, this theory maintains that our behavior is pre-determined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed bv our instincts.
Those who support the "nurture" theory, that is, they advocate education, are often called behaviorists. They claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. A behaviorist, B. F. Skinner, sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings. ( 64 ) The behaviorists maintain that , like machines, humans respond to environmental stimuli as the basis of their behavior.
Let us examine the different explanations about one human characteristic , intelligence , offered by the two theories. (65 ) Supponers of the "nature" theory insist that we are born with a certain capacity for learning that is biologically determined. Needless to say. They don't believe that factors in the environment have much influence on what is basically a predetemlined charactedstic. On the other hand, behaviorists argue that our intelligence levels are the product of our experiences. (66) Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there
are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development .
The social and political implications of these two theories are profound. (67 ) In the United States, blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligence tests. This leads some " nature" proponents to conclude that blacks are biologically inferior to whites. ( 68) Behaviorists, in contrast , say that differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy. Most people think neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior.
1991年全国硕士研究生考试英语试卷
Ⅰ. In each sentence, decide which of the four choices given will suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET(15 point)
l . They lost their way in the forest, and _ made matters worse was thatnight began to fall .
A. that B. it C. what D. which
2._ my retum, I learned that Professor Smith had been at the Museum and would not be back for several hours. '
A. At B. On C. With D. During
3. Anyone who has spent time with children is aware of the difference in the way boys and girls respond to _ situations.
A. similar B. alike C. same D. likely
4. There is not much time left; so I'll tell you about it _.
A. in detail B. in brief C. in short D. in all
5. In this factory, suggestion Often have to wait for months before they are fully _ .
A. admitted B. acknowledged C. absorbed D. considered
6. There is a real posibility that these animals could be frightened, _ a sudden loud noise .
A. being there B. should there be C. there was D. there having been
7. By the year 2000 , scientists probably _ a cure for cancer.
A.' will be discovering B. are discovering C. will have discovered D. have discovered
8. Jim isn' t _, but he did badly in the final exams last smester.
A. gloomy B. dull C. awkward D. tedious
9. The boy slipped out of the room and headed for the swimming pool without his parents' _
A. command B. conviction C. consent D. compromise
I0. He had _ on the subject.
A. a rather strong opinion B. rather strong opinion
C. rather the strong opinion D. the rather strong opinion.
11. When Jane fell off the bike, the other children _
A. were not able to help laughter B. could not help but laughing
C. could not help laughing D. could not help to laugh
12. It is better to die on one's feet than_ .
A. living on one's knees B. live on one's knees
C. on one's knees D. to live on one's knees
13 . The most important _ _ of his speech was that we should all work wholeheartedly for the people.
A. element B. spot C. sense D. point
14. This watch is__ to all the other watches on the market.
A. superior B. advantageous C. super D. beneficial
15. In a typhoon, winds _ a speed greater than 120 kilometers per hour.
A. assume B. accomplish C. attain D. assemble
16.__ the English examination I would have gone to the concert last Sunday.
A. In spite of B. But for C. Because of D. As for
17 . Mary _ my letter; otherwise she would have replied before now.
A. has received B. ought to have received C. couldn' t have received D. shouldn' t have received
18. _ to speak when the audience interrupted him.
A. Hardly had he begun B. No sooner had he begun
C. Not until he began D. Scarcely did he begin
19 . Anna was reading a piece of science fiction, completely _ to the outside world.
A. being lost B. having lost C. losing D. lost
20. The policemen went into action _ they heard the alarm.
A. promptly B. presently C. quickly D. directly
21 . The lost car of the Lees was found _ in the woods off the highway.
A. vanished B. abandoned C. scattered D. rejected
22. Dress warmly, _ _ you'll catch cold.
A. on the contrary B. or rather C. or else D. in no way
23. Our research has focused on a drug which is so _ as to be able to change brain chemistry .
A. powerful B. influential C. monstrous D. vigorous
24 . Bob was completely _ by the robber' s disguise.
A. taken away B. taken down C. taken to D. taken in
25 . Difficulties and hardships have _ _ the best qualities of the young geologist.
A. brought out B. brought about C. brought forth D. brought up
26. Our modem civilization must not be thought of as _ in a short period of time.
A. being created B. to have been created C. having been created D. to be created
27. Even if they are on sale, these refrigerators are equal in price to, if not more expensive than,__ at the other store.
A. anyone B. the others C. that D. the ones
28. The bank manager asked his assistant if it was possible for him to _ _ the investment plan within a week.
A. work out B. put out C. make out D. set out
29. He knows little of mathematics, and _ of chemistry.
A. even more B. still less C. no less D. still more
30 . The students expected there __ more reviewing classes before the fanil exam.
A. is B. being C. have been D. to be
Ⅱ. Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For ach question four answers are given. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET. (30 point)
l
A wise man once said that the only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men to do nothing. So, as a police officer, I have some urgent things to say to good people. Day after day my men and I struggle to hold back a tidal wave of crime. Something has gone terribly wrong with our once-proud American way of life. It has happened in the area of values. A key ingredient is disappearing, and I think I know what it is: accountability. Accountability isn' t hard to define. It means that every person is responsible for his or her actions and liable for their consequences. Of the many values that hold civilization together--honesty, kindness, and so on--account-ability may be the most important of all. Without it, there can be no respect, no trust, no law--and, ultimately, no society.
My job as a polioe officer is to impose accountability on people who refuse, or have never learned, to impose it on themselves. But as every policeman knows, external controls on people's behavior are far less effective than internal restraints such as guilt, shame and embarrassment. Fortunately there are still communities--smaller towns, usually--where schools maintain discipline and where parents hold up standards that proclaim: "In this family certain things are not tolerated--they simply are not done! "
Yet more and more, especially in our larger citis and suburbs, these inner restraints are loosening. Your typical robber has none. He considers your property his property; he takes what he wants, including your life if you enrage him. The main cause of this break-down is a radical shift in attitudes. Thirty years ago, if a crime was committed , society was considered the victim. Now, in a shocking reversal, it' s the criminal who is considered victimized : by his underpriviledged upbringing, by the school that didn ' t teach him to read, by the church that failed to reach him with moral guidance, by the parents who didn' t provide a stable home.
I don' t believe it. Many others in equally disadvantaged circumstances choose not to engage in criminal activities. If we free the criminal, even partly, from accountabiliy, we become a society of endless excuses where no one accepts responsibility for anything.
We in America desperately need more people who believe that the person who commits a crime is the one responsible for it.
31 . What the wise man said suggests that__.
A. it' s unnecessary for good people to do anything in face of evil
B. it' s certain that evil will prevail if good men do nothing about it
C. it's only natural for vinue to defeat evil
D. it's desirable for good men to keep away from evil
32. According to the author, if a person is found guilty of a crime,__.
A. society is to be held responsible B. modern civilization is rnponsible for it
C. the criminal himself should bear the blame D. the standards of living should be improved
33. Compared with those in small towns, people in large cities have__.
A. less self-discipline B. better sense of discipline
C. more mutual respect . D. less effective government
34. The writer is sorry to have noticed that __.
A. people in large cities tend to excuse criminals
B. people in small towns still stick to old discipline and standards
C. today ' s society lacks sympathy for people in difficulty
D. people in disadvantaged circumstances are engaged in criminal activities
35. The key point of the passage is that__.
A. stricter discipline should be maintained in schools and families
B. more good examples should be set for people to follow
C. more restrictions should be imposed on people' s behavior
D. more people should accept the value of accountability
2
The period of adolescence, i. e. , the person between childhood and adulthood, may be long or short , depending on social expectations and on society' s definition as to what constitutes maturity and adulthood. In primitive societies adolescence is frequently a relatively short period of time , while in industrial societies with pattems of prolonged education coupled with laws against child labor, the period of adolescence is much longer and may include most of the second decade of one ' s life. Furthermore, the length of the adolescent period and the definition of adulthood status may change in a given society as social and economic conditions change. Examples of this type of change are the disappearance of the frontier in the latter part of the nineteenth century in the United States , and more universally , the industrialization of an agricultural society.
In modern society,ceremonies for adolescence have lost their formal recognition and symbolic significance and there no longer is agreement as to what constitutes initiation ceremonies. Social ones have been replaced by a sequence of steps that lead to increased recognition and social status. For example, grade school graduation, high school graduation and college graduation constitute such a sequence, and while each step implies certain behavioral changes and social recognition , the significance of each depends on the socio-economic status and the educational ambition of the individual. Ceremonies for adolescence have also been replaced by legal definitions of status roles, right, privileges and responsibilitis. It is during the nine years from the twelfth birthday to the twenty-first that the protective and restrictive aspects of child-hood and minor status are removed and adult privileges and responsibilitis are granted. The twelve-year-old is no longer considered a child and has to pay full fare for train, airplane, theater and movie tickets. Basically, the individual at this age loses childhood privileges without gaining significant adult rights. At the age of sixteen the adolescent is granted cenain adult rights which increases his social status by providing him with more freedom and choices. He now can obtain a driver' s license; he can leave public schools; and he can work without the restrictions of child labor laws. At the age of eighteen the law provides adult responsibilities as well as rights; the young man can now be a soldier, but he also can marry without parental permission. At the age of twenty-one the individual obtains his full legal rights as an adult. He now can wote, he can buy liquor, he can enter into financial contracts, and he is entitled to run for public office. No additional basic rights are acquired as a function of age alter majority status has been attained. None of these legal provisions determine at what point adulthood has been reached but they do point to the prolonged period of adolescence .
36 . The period of adolescence is much longer in industrial societies because__.
A. the definition of maturity has changed
B. the industrialized society is more developed
C. more education is provided and laws against child labor are made
D. ceremonies for adolescence have lost their formal recognition and symbolic significance
37. Former social ceremonies that used to mark adolescence have given place to__.
A. graduations from schools and colleges B.social recognition
C. socio-economic status D. certain behavioral changes
38. No one can expect to fully enjoy the adulthood privileges until he is __.
A. eleven years old B. sixteen years old
C. twenty-one years old D.between twelve and twenty-one years old
39. Starting from 22,__.
A. one will obtain more basic rights
B. the older one becomes, the more basic rights he will have
C. one won't get more basic rights than when he is 21
D. one will enjoy more rights granted bv society.
40. Acoording to the passage, it is true that
A. in the late 19th century in the United States the dividing line between adolescence and adulthood no longer existed
B. no one can marry without the permission of his parents until the age of twenty-one
C. one is considered to have reached adulthood when he has a driver' s license
D. one is not free from the restrictions of child labor laws until he can join the army
3
Most growing plants contaln much more water than all other materials combined. C. R. Darnes has suggested that it is as proper to term the plant a water structure as to call a house composed mainly of brick a brick building. Certain it is that all essential processes of plant growth and development occur in water. The mineral elements from the soil that are usable by the plant must be dissolved in the soil solution before they can be taken into the root. They are carried to all parts
of the growing plant and are built into essential plant materials while in a dissolved state. The carbon dioxide from the air may enter the leaf as a gas but is dissolved in water in the leaf before it is combined with a part of the water to form simple sugars--the base material from which the plant body is mainly built. Actively growing plant parts are generally 75 to 90 percent water. Stnlctural parts of plants, such as woodv stems no longer actively growing, may have much less
water than growlng tissues.
The actual amount of water in the plant at any one time, however, is only a very small part of what passes through it during its development. The processes of photosynthesis, by which carbon dioxide and water are combined-in the presence of chlorophvll ( 叶绿素 ) and with energy derived from light-to form sugars, require that carbon dioxide from the air enter the plant. This occurs mainly in the leaves. The leaf surface is not solid but contains great numbers of minute openings, through which the carbon dioxide enters. The same structure that permits the one gas to enter the leaf, however, permits another gas-water vapor--to be lost from it. Since carbon dioxide is present in the air only in trace quantities (3 to 4 parts in 1O ,000 parts of air) and water vapor is near saturation in the air spaces within the leaf (at 80"F , saturated air would contain about 186 parts of water vapor in 1O, OOO parts of air) , the total amount of water vapor lost is many times the carbon dioxide intake. Actually, because of wind and other factors, the loss of water In proportion to carbon dioxide intake may be even greater than the relative concentrations of the two gases. Also, not all of the carbon dioxide that enters the leaf is synthesized into carbohydrates ( 碳水化合物) .
41 . A growing plant needs water for all of the following except__.
A. forming sugars B. sustaining woody stems C. keeping green D. producing carbon dioxide
42 . The essential function of photosynthesis in terms of plant needs is__.
A. to form sugars B. to derive energy from light
C. to preserve water D. to combine carbon dioxide with water
43 . The second paragraph uses facts to develop the essential idea that__.
A. a plant efficiently utilizes most 0f the water it absorbs
B. carbon dioxide is the essential substance needed for plant development
C. a plant needs more water than is found in its composition
D. the stronger the wind, the more the water vapor loss
44 . According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. The mineral eLements will not be absorbed by the plant unless they are dissolved in its root .
B. The woody stems contain more water than the leaves.
C. Air existing around the leaf is found to be saturated.
D. Only part of the carbon dioxide in the plants is synthesized.
45 . This passage is mainly about__.
A. the functions of carbon dioxide and water B. the role of water in a growing plant
C. the process of simple sugar formation D. the synthesis of water with carbon dioxide
Ⅲ . For each numbered blank in the following passage there are four choices labelled A, B, C
and D. Choose the best one and put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET. (15 point)
When television first began to expand, very few of the people who had become famous as radio commentators were able to be equally effective on television. Some of the difficulties they experienced when they were trying to _46___ themselves to the new medium were technical. When working _47_ radio, for example, they had become _48____ to seeing on behalf of the listener.
This _49_ of seeing for others means that the commentator has to be very good at talking. _50_all, he has to be able to _51____ a continuous sequence of visual images which _52_ meaning to the sounds which the listener hears. In the _53_ of television,however,the commentator sees everything with the viewer. His role, therefore, is _54_____ different. He is there to make _55_ that the viewer does not miss some point of interest, to help him _56_ on particular things, and to _57____ the images on the television screen._58_ his radio colleague,he must know the _59_ of silence and how to use it at those moments _60_ the pictures speak for themselves .
46. A. turn B. adapt C. alter D. modify
47. A. on B. at C. with D. behind
48 . A. experienced B. determined C. established D. accustomed
49. A. efficiency B. technology C. art D. performance
50. A. Of B. For C. Above D. In
51. A. inspire B. create C. cause D. perceive
52. A. add B. apply C. affect D. reflect
53. A. occasion B. event C. fact D. case
54. A. equally B. oompletely .C. initially D. hardly
55. A. definite B. possible C. sure D. clear
56. A. focus B. attend C. follow D. insist
57. A. exhibit B. demonstrate C. expose D. interpret
58. A. Like B. Unlike C. As D. For .
59. A. purpose B. goal C. value D. intention
60. A. if B. when C. which D. as
Ⅳ . Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts. These parts are labelled A, B , C and D. Identify the part of sentence that is incorrect and put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET.
Then , without altering the meaning of the sentence , write down your correction on the line in the ANSWER SHEET. ( 1O point)
61 . These is a delicate balance of nature which many square miles of ocean and vegetation and clean air are needed to maintain only a relatively few human beings.
62 . The idea that learning is a lifelong process has expressed by philosophers and educationalists
throughout the centuries.
63. Nobody beside little children thinks that a trip by bus is exciting.
64 . Just outside the ruins are a magnificent building surrounded by tall trees.
65 . In the teaching of mathematics, the way of instruction is generally traditional , with teachers presenting formal lectures and students take notes.
66. The teacher asked them who had completed their tests to leave the room as quietly as possible.
67. He wanted more out of life, not just working at high-paid jobs or spending nights on the streets playing games.
68. Man has used metals for centuries in gradual in creasing quantities, but it was not until the Industrial Revolution that they came to be employed in real vast quantitles.
69. If you want your film to properly process, you'll have to wait and pick it up on Friday, which is the day after tomorrow.
70. A man cannot be really happy if that he enjoys doing is ignored by society as of no value or importance .
V . Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese. (15 point)
The fact is that the energy crisis, which has suddenly been officially announced, has been with us for a long time now, and will be with us for an even longer time. Whether Arab oil flows freely or not, it is clear to everyone that world industry cannot be allowed to depend on so fragile a base. (71) The supply of oil can be shut off unexpectedly at any time, and in any case, the oil wells will all run dry in thirty years or so at the present rate of use. (72) New sources of energy must be found, and this will take time, but it is not likely to result in any situation that will ever restore that sense of cheap and plentiful energy we have had in the times past. For an indefinite period from here on, mankind is going to advance cautiously, and consider itself lucky that it can advance at all.To make the situation worse, there is as yet no sign that any slowing of the world's population is in sight. Although the birth-rate has dropped in some nations, including the United States , the population of the world seems sure to pass six billion and perhaps even seven billion as the twenty-first century opens. (73) The food supply will not increase nearly enoueh to match this, which means that we are heading into a crisis in the matter of producing and marketing food. Taking all this into account , what might we reasonably estimate supermarkets to be like in the year 2001? To begin with, the world food supply is going to become steadily tighter over the next thirty years-even here in the United States. By 2001 , the population of the United States will be at
least two hundred fifty million and possibly two hundred seventy million, and the nation will find it difficult to expand food production to fill the additional mouths. (74) This will be particularly true since energy pinch will make it difficult to continue agriculture in the high-energy American fashion that makes it possible to combine few farmers with high yields. It seems almost certain that by 200l the United States will no longer be a great food-exporting nation and that , if necessity forces exports, it will be at the price of belt-tightening at home.
In fact, as food items will tend to decline in quality and decrease in variety, there is very likely to be increasing use of flavouring additives. (75 ) Until such time as mankind has the sense to lower its pupulation to the point where the planet can provide a comfortable support for all, people will have to accept more "unnatural food" .
Ⅵ . Writlng (15 point)
DIRECTIONS :
A) Title: WHERE TO LIVE--IN THE CITY OR THE COUNTRY?
B) Time limit: 40 minutes
C) Word limit: 120 - 150 words (not including the given opening sentence)
D) Your composition should be based on the OUTLINE below and should start with the giv-
en opening sentence.
E) Your composition must be written clearly in the ANSWER SHEET.
OUTLINE :
1. Conveniences of the city 2. Attractions of the country 3. Disadvantages of both4. My preference |
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