08年5月19日贴,来自丁香园
比较新的一篇文献,虽未亲赴抗震一线,也愿尽点绵薄之力。
Profile of injuries arising from the 2005 Kashmir Earthquake: The first 72h.
Mulvey JM, Awan SU, Qadri AA, Maq*** MA.
Injury. 2008 May;39(5):554-60. Epub 2007 Dec 3.
Department of Intensive Care/Anaesthesia, The Tweed Hospital, Tweed Heads, NSW 2485, Australia.
BACKGROUND: The Kashmir Earthquake of October 8, 2005 had widespread destructive effects with in excess of 86,000 people killed and over 80,000 severely injured. Most hospitals were destroyed and limited facilities were available for medical service in the immediate aftermath. A small military hospital in Forward Kahuta, Pakistan, remained functional and was inundated with severely injured patients over 72h. METHODS: A retrospective review of medical records to document the injury patterns, subsequent treatment, infections and logistical requirements that occurred following this earthquake. RESULTS: One thousand five hundred and two patients were triaged over 72h. Four hundred and sixty eight (31.1%) patients required admission. Three hundred and nineteen (68.2%) patients were managed non-operatively and 149 (31.8%) required a procedure under general anaesthesia. The most common type of injuries were: superficial lacerations (64.9%); fractures (22.2%); and soft tissue contusions/sprains (5.9%). There were 266 major injuries to the extremities (40.1% upper limb; 59.9% lower limb). Six patients had significant abdominal injuries, 66.6% of these required urgent laparotomy. 14.8% had clinically relevant infections at follow-up requiring surgical debridement or antibiotic therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Disaster response in the early phase of earthquake relief is complex, with local facilities often overwhelmed and damaged. Limb injuries are most likely; however facilities should have clear plans to deal with severe trauma including head injuries and penetrating abdominal trauma. Coordinated effort is required for success, with lessons learnt to improve future disaster management.
2005年8月发生在巴基斯坦克什米尔地区的地震导致86000人死亡,超过80000人创伤严重。大部分医院受损,仅有非常有限的医疗设施投入灾后即刻抢救。在巴基斯坦Kahuta地区,一处小型军队医院在地震后72小时发挥了作用并充满了严重创伤的病人。回顾性研究地震过程中记录有病人损伤类型、治疗方法、感染和后勤需求的病历资料发现,地震72小时的1502名病人中,需入院治疗的468人(31.1%)中,319人(68.2%)可接受保守处理,149人(31.8%)需全麻手术。最常见的损伤类型为:表浅撕裂伤(64.9%)、骨折(22.2%)、软组织挫伤/扭伤(5.9%)。266例四肢严重创伤中40.1%发生在上肢,59.9%发生在下肢。6名患者腹部损伤严重,66.6%的患者需急症剖腹探查,14.8%发生感染需行外科清创并抗生素治疗。结论:地震救援早期的灾难情况是复杂的,并且往往当地的医疗设施遭遇破坏。四肢损失最为常见,对于严重创伤如头部损伤和腹部穿通伤等必须有明确计划。成功需要协调努力,及时总结教训提高未来的灾害处理。
上次地震为7.8级,同样多山地形,我想数据可供部分借鉴:
第一,从总体数据中明确接诊的病人病情大致分布。入院创伤多见,骨外科是先锋。
第二,抢救过程中尽量完善病人病历,便于震后总结。
第三,抛砖引玉,建议非震区医学生搜集类似医学文献资源,提供智力支持。
祝愿灾区人民早日度过难关! |