考研英语语法专项复习：倒装

考研英语语法专项复习：倒装
一、总述
英语句子中的倒装（inversion ）分为部分倒装（partial inversion ）和全部倒装（full inversion）。所谓部分倒装是指将句子谓语部分的助动词或情态助动词置于主语之前，全部倒装是指将整个谓语动词置于主语之前。倒装语序常出现在下列情况中：
1. 为避免句子部分内容重复，英语中常用倒装句，即：so (neither, nor) + be 动词（助动
词，情态动词）+ 主语。例如：
My father is an engineer; so is my husband.
Jane didn’t attend my class yesterday; nor did Morris.
注意：如表示赞同别人的陈述，so 后面的部分不倒装。例如：
“Jim is a good-swimmer.”   “So he is, and so is Dick.”
2. 具有否定意义的词或短语置于句首时，句子一般部分倒装，即将be 动词、助动词或情态动词提到主语前。这类词或短语包括：not, never, seldom, hardly, rarely, scarcely, by no means, under no circumstances, in no way, at no time, no sooner…(than), hardly… (when), not only… (but also) 等。例如：
Never has my brother been abroad before.
Hardly had I sat down when I heard someone knocking at the door.
No sooner had he returned than he bought a fine house and went to live there.
二、重要考点
1. 如果句首的否定词修饰主语，是主语的一部分，则句子不用倒装。例如：Scarcely a drop of rain fell last month.
2. as 或though 引导的让步状语从句常用倒装。一般将一些形容词、副词等置于句首。例如：
Prominent as he is in his field, he remains easy-going.
Wealthy as he is, I don’t envy him.
3. 当so、often 、only 等表示程度或频率的副词置于句首时，句子一般倒装。这样的结构起一个强调作用，与正常语序的区别只是程度的不同。例如：
So great was the destruction that the south took decades to recovery.
(The destruction was so great that the south took decades to recovery.)
Often does he warn us not to touch the poisonous chemical.
Only in this way can we accomplish it on time.
4. 当there 、here、then 、now 等副词置于句首，且谓语动词为come 、go、be 等词时，句子一般全部倒装，此类倒装句旨在引起别人注意。但如果主语是代词，句子则不倒装。例如：
Look! Here comes the taxi.
Here are some letters for you to type.
5. 当out 、in、away、up、bang 等方位或拟声词置于句首时，句子一般全部倒装。此类倒装句比正常语序的句子更生动、形象。但如主语是代词，句子则不倒装。例如：
Away flew the bird.
Bang goes my ace.
Away she went.
三、例题
1. Only recently ______ to realize the dangers caffeine ( 咖啡因) might bring to our health.
A. that scientists began        B. have scientists begun
C. scientists have begun       D. that did scientists begin
2. Not until the year of 1954 ______ made the capital of this country.
A. the city was              B. was the city
C. when the city was         D. was when the city
3. ______ the doctor right away, he might be alive today.
A. Should he have gone to          B. If he went to
C. Were he to go                  D. Had he gone to
4. “Does your father call you very often?” “Yes, my father calls about once a week and ______.”
A. so my brother does        B. my brother does so
C. so does my brother        D. does so my brother
5. Hardly anything ______ more than the happiness of seeing someone using his device for treatment.
A. please him            B. does please him
C. pleases him           D. does him please
6. So little ______ about physics that the lecture was completely beyond me.
A. I knew     B. did I know     C. I had known      D. had I known
7. We are late! Look, ______!
A. there the bus goes          B. the bus goes there
C. there goes the bus          D. the bus there goes
8. Only after he has acquired considerable facility in speaking ______ to learn to read and write.
A. he began     B. will he begin       C. did he begin       D. he must begin
9. Busy ______ he is, he can fulfill the task ahead of schedule.
A. because    B. as     C. no matter how       D. although
10. By no means ______ create or destroy energy.
A. we can        B. we can’t       C. can we       D. shall we
11. How strange ______!
A. that the children are so quiet is       B. that the children are so quiet
C. is the children are so quiet          D. it is that the children are so quiet
12. Not only ______ tolerant of other people’s opinion, but he is also patient.
A. he is     B. is he     C. he will be      D. will he be
13. She never laughed, ______ lose her temper.
A. neither she did             B. nor did she
C. either did she              D. she either
14. ______ table tennis was accepted as a regular part of the Olympic Games.
A. Not until 1988                B. It was not until 1986 that
C. It was in 1986 when            D. It was until 1986 that
15. ______ that Susan hadn’t dared to make a sound.
A. So was he absorbed        B. So absorbed he was
C. So absorbed was he        D. So he was absorbed
16. Never again ______ political office after his 1928 defeat for the presidency.
A. Alfred E. Smith seriously sought             B. seriously Alfred E. Smith sought
C. when did Alfred E. Smith seriously seek.      D. did Alfred E. Smith seriously seek
17. Under no circumstances ______ anything that will benefit ourselves but harm the interests of other people.
A. should we do      B. we should do        C. we do should       D. so we should
18. Only when you have obtained sufficient data ______ come to a sound conclusion.
A. can you        B. did you        C. you will       D. you can
19. Only in this way ______ progress in your English.
A. you make      B. can you make      C. you be able to make     D. will you able to make
20. Not a day ______ without having some unpleasantness with the servants.
A. Catherine did spend        B. Catherine spent
C. did Catherine spend        D. did Catherine spent
21. So much ______ his financial position that he can’t sleep at night.
A. does he worry about  B. he does worry about
C. he worries about  D. worries he about
22. Many a time ______ me good advice.  
A. Mike has given  B. has Mike given
C. Mike does have give  D. does Mike have given
23. ______, if he does not learn he knows nothing.
A. Be a man ever so clever       B. A man is ever so clever
C. So clever as a man ever is     D. No matter how clever be
24. Bang! Bang! ______And Philip suddenly felt his body become light.
A. Did come two reports of firecrackers
B. Two reports of firecrackers came
C. Came two reports of firecrackers
D. Come two reports of firecrackers
25. ______ from the ground floor.
A. Up the man comes          B. Came up the man
C. The man come up          D. Up came the man
26. Jane has not finished her assignment, and ______.
A. so have I     B. neither have I    C. I haven’t    D. I have too
27. At the foot of the mountain ______.
A. stood a village             B. a village was
C. did a village stand          D. stand a village
28. Behind the farmhouse ______.
A. a rice field was            B. was a rice field
C. a rice field had            D. had a rice field
29. Present at the meeting ______.
A. the school headmaster, the teachers, and the students’ parents were
B. the school headmaster, the teachers, and the students’ parents had
C. did the school headmaster, the teachers, and the students’ parents
D. were the headmaster, the teachers, and the students’ parents
四、例题解析
1. 答案：B
解析：so、often 、only 等表示程度或频率的副词置于句首时，句子需部分倒装，将be 动词，助动词或情态动词提到主语前。此题中only 被置于句首，因此应将助动词have 提前。
2. 答案：B
解析：not until 为表示否定意义的副词或副词词组。如果置于句首，句子要部分倒装。
3. 答案：D
解析：此题考倒装在if 引导的虚拟条件句中的使用。省略掉if 的条件句应该将该句中的助动词和主语互换位置。Had he gone to… = If he had gone to… 。
4. 答案：C
解析：在英语中，为避免句子部分内容重复，常用so、neither 或nor 开头的倒装句，此题便是一例。应将助词does 提前，省略后面的谓语动词。
5. 答案：C
解析：一般情况下，表示否定意义的副词置于句首时，句子应部分倒装。但如果否定的副词修饰主语，是主语的一部分，句子就不必倒装。本题中hardly 修饰主语anything ，因此句子不必倒装，用正常语序。题意：几乎没什么比看到有人将他的设备用于治疗更令他开心了。
6. 答案：B
解析：此题中so 表示程度，因此句子需部分倒装。B 和D 都是倒装句，区别在于时态。
7. 答案：C
解析：此题考全部倒装，属于副词there 置于句首，且谓语动词为go 这一句型要求。
8. 答案：B
解析：only 置于句首，句子要部分倒装。因此，排除了A 和D。B 和C 的区别在于时态。因从句中动词为现在完成时，所以排除与从句时态不一致的C，得出正确答案B。
9. 答案：B
解析：A、B、C、D 四个选择项都为从属连词。但只有as 引导让步状语从句时才会部分倒装。although 引导让步状语从句一般不倒装。因此，此题正确答案为B。注意，只有as 和though 引导让步状语从句时，从句才部分倒装。这时一般将形容词或副词提到从句首。
10. 答案：C
解析：by no means 意为“决不”，相当于一否定的副词。当它置于句首时，句子应进行部分倒装。
11. 答案：D
解析：完整的感叹句不倒装，因此正确选择为D。A 虽符合不倒装这一点，但不符合英语句子重心平衡的原则，显得头轻脚重失去平衡。B、C 两个选择项语法上均讲不通。
12. 答案：B
解析：一看到not only ，就该立刻想到句子需部分倒装。因此，排除A 和C。B 和D 区别在于时态，再根据but 并列的后一分句中动词的形式is，即可选出正确的答案B。题意为：他不仅能容忍别人意见，并且还很耐心。
13. 答案：B
解析：四个选择项都包括“也（不）”之意，据此，题意为：她从不大笑；也不发脾气。空当后面部分无否定意思，因此空当中内容应包括否定意思，据此，排除C 和D。A 和B 都有否定的副词在句首。区别在于A 没倒装，而B 倒装。显然，B 为正确选择。
14. 答案：B
解析：本题是强调句型it is … that … 的用法。由于句子的谓语动词与主语没有倒置，所以就不应该选择否定词放在句首的A 项选择；而C 和D 的句型不正确。
15. 答案：C
解析：so 为程度副词，置于句首时，句子一般倒装，因此排除B 和D。A 和C 的区别在于absorbed 的位置。当so 作为程度副词置于句首时，它所修饰的形容词或分词一般紧跟其后。因此，正确答案为C。
16. 答案：D
    解析：否定副词和含否定意义的短语位于句首作状语时，句子需要部分倒装。
17. 答案：A
解析：under no circumstances 是否定短语在句中前置，故须倒装。
18. 答案：A
解析：only + 副词、only + 介词词组及only + 状语从句位于句首时，因为only 表示基本否定，所以句子要部分倒装。
19. 答案：B
解析：only 表示基本否定，句子须倒装。
20. 答案：C
解析：宾语为not a + n. 或者not a single + n. 构成，并位于句首时，引起部分倒装。
21. 答案：A
解析：就so… that 结构而言，若so 所引导的部分位于句首则该部分需要部分倒装。
22. 答案：B
解析：频度状语位于句首时，有时引起部分倒装。
23. 答案：A
解析：在“be + 主语+ ever/never + so + 形容词 + 主句”结构中，或“be + that + as + it may ”结构中，需用部分倒装。全部倒装常用于下面例题情况中。
24. 答案：C
解析：当句首状语为拟声词或方位词，谓语动词come 、go 等表示位置转移的动作动词时，用全部倒装。如句子主语是代词，则不用倒装，如：Lower and lower he bent. 可作句首状语的此类词还有：now, then, on in, out, up, down, here, there, away 等。
25. 答案：D
解析：此句是全部倒装：状语 + 谓语动词（不及物） + 主语，以示强调。
26. 答案：B
解析：表示某种情况同样用于某人、某物或某事时，在neither 、nor 和so 之后用全部倒装。、
27. 答案：A
   解析：句首状语是表示地点、处所的介词短语时，引起全部倒装。
28. 答案：B
解析：当表示地点、处所的介词短语作表语时，也引起全部倒装。
29.  答案：D
解析：句子的主语过长时，为保持句子的结构平衡，句子常常全部倒装。